Biological Roles of Uterine Glands in Pregnancy

Spencer, Thomas

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1376354

Cited by 115Reproductive System and PregnancyReproductive Biology and FertilityReproductive Physiology in Livestock

Biological Roles of Uterine Glands in Pregnancy

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Spencer, Thomas·2014·Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

DOI 10.1055/s-0034-1376354PMC PMC4198167

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Abstract

All mammalian uteri contain glands in the endometrium that synthesize or transport and secrete substances essential for survival and development of the conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes). This review summarizes information related to the biological roles of uterine glands and their secretions in blastocyst/conceptus survival and implantation, uterine receptivity, and stromal cell decidualization in humans and animal models. The infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss observed in the ovine uterine gland knockout (UGKO) model unequivocally supports a primary role for uterine glands and, by inference, their secretions present in uterine luminal fluid in survival and development of the conceptus. Further, studies with mutant and progesterone-induced UGKO mice found that uterine glands and their secretions are required for establishment of uterine receptivity and blastocyst implantation as well as stromal cell decidualization. Similarly in humans, uterine glands and their secretory products are likely critical regulators of blastocyst implantation, uterine receptivity, and conceptus growth and development during the first trimester. Circumstantial evidence suggests that deficient glandular activity may be a causative factor in pregnancy failure and complications in humans. Thus, an increased understanding of uterine gland biology is important for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of fertility and pregnancy problems in mammals.

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In sheep and other domestic species, interferon τ combines with placental lactogens secreted by the trophoblast to upregulate expression of genes encoding uterine milk proteins and growth factors in the endometrial glands.
“There is strong evidence in the sheep and other domestic species that interferon τ performs additional functions, combining with placental lactogens secreted by the trophoblast to upregulate the expression of genes encoding uterine milk proteins and growth factors in the endometrial glands (514).”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [514]
Complete endocrine ablation of gland development in newborn lambs results in cessation of growth of the conceptus and loss of the pregnancy in the adult animal, whereas partial ablation leads to a small, non-expanded conceptus that fails to attach.
“Complete ablation results in a cessation of growth of the conceptus and loss of the pregnancy in the adult animal, whereas partial ablation leads to a small, non-expanded conceptus that fails to attach.”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [514]

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[1]Wooding FBP Burton GJ Comparative Placentation: Structures, Functions and Evolution 2008 Springer Berlin
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Uterine Glands: Developmental Biology and Functional Roles in Pregnancy
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Endometrial Glands Are Essential for Blastocyst Implantation and Decidualization in the Mouse Uterus
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Biology of uterine glands : impact on reproductive function
Kelleher, A. M. (2018) · doi:10.32469/10355/66310

Authors: Spencer, T.
Affiliations: Washington State University (US)
Corresponding author: Spencer, Thomas
ORCID: Spencer, Thomas
Venue: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published: 2014-06-24
Volume: 32
Issue: 05
Pages: 346-357
ISSN: 1526-4564 (ISSN-L)
1526-8004
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1376354
PMC: PMC4198167
OpenAlex: W2002782874
Cited by: 115
References: 7
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6
FWCI: 3.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD076347)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Keywords: endometrial glands, endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation, conceptus development, uterine fluid, miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss, infertility, progesterone, sheep model, mouse model
MeSH terms: Animals, Endometrium, Female, Humans, Embryo Implantation, Pregnancy, Sheep, Uterus, Mice

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Biological Roles of Uterine Glands in Pregnancy

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