Biological Roles of Uterine Glands in Pregnancy

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Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology and clinical implications

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Long-term, hormone-responsive organoid cultures of human endometrium in a chemically defined medium

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Placental Origins of Chronic Disease

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What is the placenta?

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Self-renewing endometrial epithelial organoids of the human uterus

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Uterine Glands: Developmental Biology and Functional Roles in Pregnancy

Kelleher, A. M., DeMayo, F. J., & Spencer, T. E. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00281 · Cited by 253

Uterine glands coordinate on-time embryo implantation and impact endometrial decidualization for pregnancy success

Kelleher, A. M., Milano-Foster, J., Behura, S. K., & Spencer, T. E. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04848-8 · Cited by 194

Forkhead box a2 (FOXA2) is essential for uterine function and fertility

Kelleher, A. M., Wang, P., Pru, J. K., Pru, C. A., DeMayo, F. J., & Spencer, T. E. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1618433114 · Cited by 182

Menstrual flow as a non-invasive source of endometrial organoids

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Uterine glands impact uterine receptivity, luminal fluid homeostasis and blastocyst implantation

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Tridimensional visualization reveals direct communication between the embryo and glands critical for implantation

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Evidence from the very beginning: endoglandular trophoblasts penetrate and replace uterine glands in situ and in vitro

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Nutrition and maternal metabolic health in relation to oocyte and embryo quality: critical views on what we learned from the dairy cow model

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Human placentophagy: a review

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Analysis of the Uterine Epithelial and Conceptus Transcriptome and Luminal Fluid Proteome During the Peri-Implantation Period of Pregnancy in Sheep

Brooks, K., Burns, G. W., Moraes, J. G. N., & Spencer, T. E. (2016) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.116.141945 · Cited by 68

Endometrial stem/progenitor cells: Properties, origins, and functions

Hong, I. (2022) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2022.08.009 · Cited by 63

Capture and metabolomic analysis of the human endometrial epithelial organoid secretome

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Placenta: an old organ with new functions

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A Role for Androgens in Epithelial Proliferation and Formation of Glands in the Mouse Uterus

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Of mammals and milk: how maternal stress affects nursing offspring

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Exocrine gland structure-function relationships

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Reproduction in domestic ruminants during the past 50 yr: discovery to application

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Evidence for functional interactions between the placenta and brain in pregnant mice

Behura, S. K., Kelleher, A. M., & Spencer, T. E. (2018) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201802037r · Cited by 36

Analysis of the uterine lumen in fertility-classified heifers: I. Glucose, prostaglandins, and lipids†

Moraes, J. G. N., Behura, S. K., Geary, T. W., & Spencer, T. E. (2019) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioz191 · Cited by 37

Acidification of uterine epithelium during embryo implantation in mice†

Xiao, S., Li, R., Zowalaty, A. E. E., Diao, H., Zhao, F., Choi, Y., & Ye, X. (2016) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.116.144451 · Cited by 36

Actions of activin A, connective tissue growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 on the development of the bovine preimplantation embryo

Kannampuzha‐Francis, J., Tríbulo, P., & Hansen, P. J. (2016) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd16033 · Cited by 34

Non-Invasive and Mechanism-Based Molecular Assessment of Endometrial Receptivity During the Window of Implantation: Current Concepts and Future Prospective Testing Directions

Sun, B., & Yeh, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Reproductive Health · doi:10.3389/frph.2022.863173 · Cited by 34

Analysis of the uterine lumen in fertility-classified heifers: II. Proteins and metabolites†

Moraes, J. G. N., Behura, S. K., Bishop, J. V., Hansen, T. R., Geary, T. W., & Spencer, T. E. (2019) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioz197 · Cited by 33

A historical review of blastocyst implantation research

Yoshinaga, K. (2018) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy093 · Cited by 32

(Dis)similarities between the Decidual and Tumor Microenvironment

Krstić, J., Deutsch, A. J. A., Fuchs, J., Gauster, M., Sparovec, T. G., Hiden, U., Krappinger, J. C., Moser, G., Pansy, K., Szmyra, M., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10051065 · Cited by 32

Transcriptomic analysis of interferon-γ-regulated genes in endometrial explants and their possible role in regulating maternal endometrial immunity during the implantation period in pigs, a true epitheliochorial placentation species

Yoo, I., Kim, D., Han, J., Lee, S., Hong, M., Jeon, B., Kim, J., & Ka, H. (2020) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.045 · Cited by 33

Single-cell insights into epithelial morphogenesis in the neonatal mouse uterus

Spencer, T. E., Lowke, M. T., Davenport, K. M., Dhakal, P., & Kelleher, A. M. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2316410120 · Cited by 30

Integrative analysis of the forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) cistrome for the human endometrium

Kelleher, A. M., Behura, S. K., Burns, G. W., Young, S. L., DeMayo, F. J., & Spencer, T. E. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201900013r · Cited by 30

Beclin-1-Dependent Autophagy But Not Apoptosis Is Critical for Stem Cell Mediated-Endometrial Programming and the Establishment of Pregnancy

Popli, P., Tang, S., Chadchan, S. B., Talwar, C., Rucker, E. B., Guan, X., Monsivais, D., Lydon, J. P., Stallings, C. L., Moley, K. H., et al. (2022) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2023.03.013 · Cited by 31

Developmental estrogen exposure in mice disrupts uterine epithelial cell differentiation and causes adenocarcinoma via Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT signaling

Padilla‐Banks, E., Jefferson, W. N., Papas, B. N., Suen, A. A., Xu, X., Carreon, D. V., Willson, C. J., Quist, E. M., & Williams, C. J. (2023) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002334 · Cited by 33

Enhancer of Zeste 2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit Is Required for Uterine Epithelial Integrity

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Role of Uterine Telocytes During Pregnancy

Soliman, S. A., Abd‐Elhafeez, H. H., Abou-Elhamd, A. S., Kamel, B., Abdellah, N., & Mustafa, F. E. A. (2022) · Microscopy and Microanalysis · doi:10.1093/micmic/ozac001 · Cited by 27

Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 in Endometrial Epithelium Is Involved in Embryonic Implantation

Wang, P., Zhu, Q., Peng, H., Du, M., Dong, M., & Wang, H. (2017) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000456886 · Cited by 24

Involvement of CXCL12/CXCR4 in the motility of human first-trimester endometrial epithelial cells through an autocrine mechanism by activating PI3K/AKT signaling

Zheng, J., Qu, D., Wang, C., Ding, L., & Zhou, W. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-2788-3 · Cited by 24

Early and natural embryonic death in Lagostomus maximus: Association with the uterine glands, vasculature, and musculature

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PR-Set7 deficiency limits uterine epithelial population growth hampering postnatal gland formation in mice

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Factors affecting differences between birth weight of littermates (BWTD) and the effects of BWTD on lamb performance

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Changes in expression of interferon-stimulated genes and ubiquitin activating enzyme E1-like in ovine thymus during early pregnancy

Zhang, L., Zhao, Z., Wang, Y., Li, N., Cao, N., & Yang, L. (2020) · Animal Reproduction · doi:10.1590/1984-3143-ar2019-0134 · Cited by 22

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have specific impacts on the mouse uterus

Simitsidellis, I., Esnal-Zuffiaure, A., Kelepouri, O., O’Flaherty, E. A. A., Gibson, D. A., & Saunders, P. T. K. (2019) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-19-0153 · Cited by 22

Restraint stress delays endometrial adaptive remodeling during mouse embryo implantation

Liu, G., Dong, Y., Wang, Z., Cao, J., & Chen, Y. (2015) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2015.1078305 · Cited by 20

Uterine Patterning, Endometrial Gland Development, and Implantation Failure in Mice Exposed Neonatally to Genistein

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Poor Endometrial Proliferation After Clomiphene is Associated With Altered Estrogen Action

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Expression of ODC1, SPD, SPM and AZIN1 in the hypothalamus, ovary and uterus during rat estrous cycle

Fernandes, J. R. D., Jain, S., & Banerjee, A. (2017) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.03.005 · Cited by 18

The density of endometrial glandular openings: a novel variable to predict the live birth rate in patients with intrauterine adhesions following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis

Zhao, X., Gao, B., Yang, X., Zhang, A., Jamail, G., Li, Y., & Xu, D. (2020) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deaa377 · Cited by 17

Characterization of bovine uterine fluid extracellular vesicles proteomic profiles at follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle

Piibor, J., Dissanayake, K., Midekessa, G., Andronowska, A., Kavak, A., Waldmann, A., & Fazeli, A. (2022) · Veterinary Research Communications · doi:10.1007/s11259-022-10052-3 · Cited by 16

Gut microbiota contributes to the development of endometrial glands in gilts during the ovary-dependent period

Xu, B., Qin, W., Yan, Y., Tang, Y., Zhou, S., Huang, J., Xie, C., Ma, L., & Yan, X. (2021) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-021-00578-y · Cited by 16

Progesterone stimulates histone citrullination to increase IGFBP1 expression in uterine cells

Young, C. H., Snow, B., DeVore, S. B., Mohandass, A., Nemmara, V. V., Thompson, P. R., Thyagarajan, B., Navratil, A. M., & Cherrington, B. D. (2021) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-21-0132 · Cited by 15

Role of reproductive fluids and extracellular vesicles in embryo–maternal interaction during early pregnancy in cattle

Cajas, Y. N., Cañón-Beltrán, K., de la Blanca, M. G. M., Sánchez, J. M., Fernández-Fuertes, B., González, E. M., & Rizos, D. V. (2021) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd21275 · Cited by 14

Trophoblastic signals facilitate endometrial interferon response and lipid metabolism, ensuring normal decidualization

Yang, N., Sun, Y., Han, B., Deng, N., Li, G., Han, Q., Wang, Y., Cai, H., Liu, F., Cao, B., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114246 · Cited by 16

Changes in energetic profile of pregnant ewes in relation with the composition of the fetal fluids

Haffaf, S., & Benallou, B. (2015) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.11.005 · Cited by 13

Foxa2-dependent uterine glandular cell differentiation is essential for successful implantation

Jia, Z., Li, B., Matsuo, M., Dewar, A., Mustafaraj, A., Dey, S. K., Yuan, J., & Sun, X. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57848-w · Cited by 12

The Uterine Melatonergic Systems of AANAT and Melatonin Membrane Receptor 2 (MT2) Are Essential for Endometrial Receptivity and Early Implantation in Mice

Ma, X., Wang, J., Wang, L., Yan, L., Liu, Y., Ma, W., Ji, P., Zhang, L., & Liu, G. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24087127 · Cited by 11

Relationship between serum progesterone concentrations and pregnancy rates in hormone replacement treatment-frozen embryo transfer using progesterone vaginal tablets

Akaeda, S., Kobayashi, D., Shioda, K., & Momoeda, M. (2019) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.12891/ceog4360.2019 · Cited by 12

Pik3ca is required for mouse uterine gland development and pregnancy

Chang, H. J., Shin, H. S., Kim, T. H., Yoo, J., Teasley, H. E., Zhao, J. J., Ha, U., & Jeong, J. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191433 · Cited by 11

GRB2 regulation of essential signaling pathways in the endometrium is critical for implantation and decidualization

Tran, D. N., Hwang, Y. J., Kim, K. C., Li, R., Marquardt, R. M., Chen, C., Young, S. L., Lessey, B. A., Kim, T. H., Cheon, Y., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57173-2 · Cited by 13

Regulation of the hypothalamic GnRH–GnIH system by putrescine in adult female rats and GT1‐7 neuronal cell line

Fernandes, J. R. D., Moitra, A., Tsutsui, K., & Banerjee, A. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1002/jez.2351 · Cited by 10

The uterine secretory cycle: recurring physiology of endometrial outputs that setup the uterine luminal microenvironment

Schalich, K. M., Koganti, P. P., Castillo, J. M., Reiff, O. M., Cheong, S. H., & Selvaraj, V. (2023) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00035.2023 · Cited by 9

The John Hughes Memorial Lecture: Stimulation of Early Placental Development Through a Trophoblast-Endometrial Dialog

Burton, G. J. (2018) · Journal of Equine Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2018.03.003 · Cited by 8

Cattle Diseases - Molecular and Biochemical Approach

Kükürt, A., & Gelen, V. (2022) · Veterinary medicine and science · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104145 · Cited by 7

The influence of postnatal nutrition on reproductive tract and endometrial gland development in dairy calves

Wilson, M. L., McCoski, S. R., Geiger, A. J., Akers, R. M., Johnson, S., & Ealy, A. D. (2017) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11880 · Cited by 8

Prss29 Cre recombinase mice are useful to study adult uterine gland function

Kelleher, A. M., Allen, C. C., Davis, D. J., & Spencer, T. E. (2022) · genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.23493 · Cited by 8

CREB1 Is Involved in miR-134-5p-Mediated Endometrial Stromal Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy

Li, X., Yao, X., Li, K., Guo, J., Deng, K., Liu, Z., Fan, Y., Fan, Y., Yang, Y., Zhu, H., et al. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12212554 · Cited by 7

Regulatory role of human endometrial gland secretome on macrophage differentiation

Lin, L., Bai, K., Li, J., Chiu, P. C. N., & Lee, C. (2023) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2023.104158 · Cited by 6

Understanding conceptus–maternal interactions: what tools do we need to develop?

Butt, Z., Tinning, H., O’Connell, M. J., Fenn, J., Alberio, R., & Forde, N. (2023) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd23181 · Cited by 6

Epigenetic insights into fertility: involvement of immune cell methylation in dairy cows reproduction

Bouzeraa, L., Martin, H., Dufour, P. A., Marques, J. C. S., Cerri, R. L. A., & Sirard, M. (2025) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioaf020 · Cited by 6

Role of EZH2 in Uterine Gland Development

Ni, N., Jalufka, F. L., Fang, X. D., McCreedy, D. A., & Li, Q. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232415665 · Cited by 6

Maternal causation of early-onset pre-eclampsia: excessive endometrial gland-derived apolipoprotein D induces placental ferroptosis and developmental abnormalities

Dong, Y., Lee, C., Li, J., Liu, X., Zeng, Q., Zhong, J., Zhang, Q., Wu, T., Ng, V. W. Y., Lee, C. K. F., et al. (2025) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-025-01199-7 · Cited by 5

Maternal Vascular Malperfusion and Associated Maternal Diseases

Dahlstrom, J. E., Subramaniam, A., & Faye-Petersen, O. M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84725-8_19 · Cited by 6

Transcriptome profiling of buffalo endometrium reveals molecular signature distinct to early pregnancy

Panigrahi, M., Kumar, H., Sah, V., Verma, A. D., Bhushan, B., & Parida, S. (2020) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2020.144614 · Cited by 5

The Cystic Anechoic Zone of Uterine Cavity Newly Observed during Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Affects Pregnancy Outcomes of Fresh Embryo Transfer

Tian, Y., Zhao, S., Lv, J., Lv, H., & Yan, L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12010134 · Cited by 4

Progesterone signaling during pregnancy in the lab opossum, Monodelphis domestica

Yoshida, K., Line, J. E. K., Griffith, K., Wooldredge, A., & Cruz, Y. P. (2019) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.026 · Cited by 4

Histopathological changes in the reproductive organs of does with pregnancy toxaemia and their aborted foetuses

Ulum, M. T. Z., Azid, M. A. A., Shen, T. W., Hassim, H. A., Saad, M. Z., & Salleh, A. (2021) · Small Ruminant Research · doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106363 · Cited by 4

The Focus on Core Genetic Factors That Regulate Hepatic Injury in Cattle Seems to Be Important for the Dairy Sector’s Long-Term Development

Mandal, A. (2022) · Veterinary medicine and science · doi:10.5772/intechopen.108151 · Cited by 2

Dynamic changes in sumoylation related proteins SUMO1, SENP1, and UBC9 during the peri implantation period in mice

Golal, E., Balcı, C. N., & Acar, N. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-07677-0 · Cited by 2

Mouse Cre drivers: tools for studying disorders of the human female neuroendocrine-reproductive axis

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Expression and localization of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in the pig uterus during peri-implantation and determination of the in vitro effect of the angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416 on VEGF system expression

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