Otoplasty and Auricular Reconstruction
Abstract
Due to the variety of abnormalities, surgery of the auricle is one of the most complex challenges in facial plastic surgery. They reach from mild protruding ears or isolated abnormalities of the supporting structures, mainly the helical rim and antihelix, over cup ear deformities and miniears all the way to severe microtia and anotia. In this article, the authors present a short overview of auricular abnormalities and malformations and their treatment options based on their experiences gained over three decades of special service for patients with auricular malformations.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
A new method of total reconstruction of the auricle for microtia
Nagata, S. (1993) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199308000-00001 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
The correction of prominent ears using simple mattress sutures
Mustardé, J. C. (1963) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0007-1226(63)80100-9 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
TOTAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EXTERNAL EAR
Tanzer, R. C. (1959) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-195901000-00001 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Modification of the Stages in Total Reconstruction of the Auricle
Nagata, S. (1994) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199402000-00001 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Auricular repair with autogenous rib cartilage grafts: two decades of experience with 600 cases.
Brent, B. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Correction of prominent ears by concha-mastoid sutures
FURNAS, D. W. (1968) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-196809000-00001 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Modification of the Stages in Total Reconstruction of the Auricle
Nagata, S. (1994) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199402000-00002 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
A method of antihelix reconstruction
Chongchet, V. (1963) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0007-1226(63)80120-4 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Ear reconstruction using a porous polyethylene framework and temporoparietal fascia flap
Reinisch, J., & Lewin, S. (2009) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1239448 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
A TECHNIQUE FOR SURGICAL CORRECTION OF LOP EARS
Converse, J. M., Nigro, A., WILSON, F. A., & JOHNSON, N. (1955) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-195505000-00004 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
MICROTIA—A LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF 44 RECONSTRUCTED AURICLES
Tanzer, R. C., & H, H. N. (1978) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-197802000-00001 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Nagata, S. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 158 · see citing works
EAR RECONSTRUCTION WITH AN EXPANSILE FRAMEWORK OF AUTOGENOUS RIB CARTILAGE
Brent, B. (1974) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-197406000-00001 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE AURICLE–PART 1
Converse, J. M. (1958) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-195808000-00006 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
TECHNICAL DETAILS IN THE SURGICAL CORRECTION OF THE LOP EAR DEFORMITY
Converse, J. M., & Wood‐Smith, D. (1963) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-196302000-00002 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
THE CONSTRICTED (CUP AND LOP) EAR
Tanzer, R. C. (1975) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-197504000-00003 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Comparison of microtia reconstruction outcomes using rib cartilage vs porous polyethylene implant.
Constantine, K. K., Gilmore, J., Lee, K., & Leach, J. (2014) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2014.30 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
STENSTRÖM, S. J., & Heftner, J. (1978) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(20)32151-9 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Combined reconstruction of congenital auricular atresia and severe microtia
Siegert, R. (2003) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1097/00005537-200311000-00031 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
A Variation on the Correction of the Congenital Lop Ear
Musgrave, R. H. (1966) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-196605000-00002 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Another solution for the problem of the prominent ear
CRIKELAIR, G. F., & COSMAN, B. (1964) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-196408000-00021 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hochauflösende Computertomographie fehlgebildeter Mittelohren*
Siegert, R., Weerda, H., Mayer, T., & Brückmann, H. (1996) · Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie · doi:10.1055/s-2007-997561 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Siegert, R. (2004) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-2005-865388 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
CONSTRUCTION OF THE AURICLE IN CONGENITAL MICROTIA
Converse, J. M. (1963) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-196310000-00004 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Poröse Kunststoffe für die Ohrmuschelplastik
Berghaus, A., Axhausen, M., & Handrock, M. (1983) · Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1008442 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The cosmetic and plastic surgery of the ear
Goldstein, M. A. (1908) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1288/00005537-190810000-00005 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Danter, J., Siegert, R., & Weerda, H. (1996) · Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie · doi:10.1055/s-2007-997542 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Combined technique of otoplasty
Feuerstein, S. S. (1969) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1288/00005537-196906000-00006 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rippenrekonstruktion nach ausgedehnter Knorpelentnahme
Magritz, R., & Siegert, R. (2005) · Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie · doi:10.1055/s-2005-872031 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gui, X., Peng, Z., Song, P., Chen, L., Xu, X., Li, H., Tang, P., Wang, Y., Su, Z., Kong, Q., et al. (2023) · Bio-Design and Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s42242-023-00242-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fan, X., Ping, L., Yang, T., Niu, X., Chen, Y., Xia, X., Gao, R., Fan, Y., & Chen, X. (2020) · Acta Oto-Laryngologica · doi:10.1080/00016489.2020.1745883 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The ideal auricular protrusion - An interactive perceptive pilot study.
Pausch, N., Pankow, T., Lethaus, B., Bartella, A., & Halama, D. (2020) · Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2020.06.002 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Chen, P., Yang, L., Yang, J., Wang, D., Li, Y., Zhao, C., Liu, Y., Gao, M., Zhu, J., Li, S., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Laryngology & Otology · doi:10.1017/s0022215121002863 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Klinger, M. E. A., Andrea, B., Rimondo, A., & Vinci, V. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82335-1_33 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Auriculocondylar syndrome: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and surgical therapies
Li, Q., Jiang, Z., Chen, Z., Cai, S., Sheng, Y., Zhang, L., Cai, S., & Cai, Z. (2023) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2023.04.024 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kühn, S., Wöhler, N., Wehle, A., Küenzlen, L., Rothenberger, J., Sader, R., Lemperle, G., & Rieger, U. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10163713 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“4 mm with a range of 12 mm to 28 mm [8,9].”
BackgroundInfluentialGardner, O. F. W., Zhang, Y., & Khan, I. M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294761 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Algorithm-Assisted Decision Making in Otoplasty
Siliprandi, M., Battistini, A., Agnelli, B., Bandi, V., Vinci, V., Lisa, A., Maione, L., & Siliprandi, L. (2022) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-021-02368-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most-Cited Articles on Otoplasty
Arif, F., Rehman, S. U., Shahzad, Z., Rahman, M. F., & Shaikh, S. A. (2024) · Aesthetic Surgery Journal · doi:10.1093/asj/sjae157 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gu, L., Sun, P., Pan, B., & Jiang, H. (2023) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2023.06.015 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhou, X., Fang, J., Wang, X., Kuang, H., He, J. M., Wang, A., Hua, X., Zeng, X., & Zeng, S. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000037691 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kepekçi, A. H. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13111325 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wu, H., Dong, G., Liu, T., Qian, J., Wang, B., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000009291 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
di Summa, P. G., Sapino, G., Zaugg, P., Raffoul, W., & Guillier, D. (2020) · Microsurgery · doi:10.1002/micr.30657 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Seiwerth, I., Plößl, S., Herzog, M., Schilde, S., Radetzki, F., Krämer, S., Rahne, T., & Plontke, S. K. (2022) · HNO · doi:10.1007/s00106-022-01190-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Different Approach for Protruding Earlobe Correction—Modified Fish-tail Technique
Sert, B., Oral, M. A., Turan, O., & Uyar, İ. (2024) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-024-03912-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Exploring mismatch negativity in children with congenital Microtia-Atresia: A Preliminary study
Song, W., Fan, X., Xia, X., Gu, W., Yang, T., Fan, Y., Xiaoli Li, A., & Chen, X. (2024) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149230 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gelidan, A. G., Mortada, H. H., Alarki, S. M. K. Z., Arab, K. A., & Kattan, A. E. (2023) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000004786 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fan, Y., Wei, H., Zhao, R., Lin, X., & Bai, S. (2023) · Journal of Prosthodontics · doi:10.1111/jopr.13651 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Meng, Q., Sun, W., Li, E., & Liu, N. (2024) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2024.09.049 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Double Triangular Cartilage Excision in Otoplasty Revisited
Gualdi, A., Cambiaso‐Daniel, J., Negrini, F. C., & Giordano, S. A. (2024) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/a-2447-8589 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chirurgie des oreilles décollées
Ellart, J., & Duquennoy-Martinot, V. (2015) · Time to knit · doi:10.1016/s1286-9325(22)44068-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Seiwerth, I., Plößl, S., Herzog, M., Schilde, S., Radetzki, F., Krämer, S., Rahne, T., & Plontke, S. K. (2022) · HNO · doi:10.1007/s00106-022-01189-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alnufaei, A. H., AlSubaie, F. K., Aljabri, R. A., Aloqayli, S. Z., Alanshmi, S., Alotaibi, S. M., Ajeeb, Z. B., AlGhamdi, L. Y., Kattan, M. E., Alahmadi, B. H., et al. (2026) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000007347
Retroauricular Advancement Flap In Single Stage Auricular Defect Reconstruction
Reksodiputro, M. H., Koento, T., & Manunggal, D. W. (2021) · eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia · doi:10.23886/ejki.9.54.145
Correction of Ear Lobe Deformities
Benyo, S. E., Ziai, K., Lighthall, J. G., & Walen, S. G. (2022) · Advances in Cosmetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.yacs.2021.12.002
Safety Otoplasty: Novel Usage of Piezoelectric Mastoid Sculpting for Conchal Setback
Hanga, D., Tasman, A., & Gassner, H. G. (2022) · Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine · doi:10.1089/fpsam.2021.0273
Rekonstruksi Ruptur Kartilago Aurikula
Fortuna, F., & Jovie, I. F. (2022) · Scientific Journal · doi:10.56260/sciena.v1i3.51
Uso do retalho tubular retroauricular para reconstrução da hélice e lóbulo da orelha
Freitas, R. D. S., Giacomazzo, C. M., Mandu, S. H., Ono, M. C. C., & Silva, A. D. D. B. (2022) · Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica · doi:10.5935/2177-1235.2022rbcp.579-pt
Chirurgia per orecchie sporgenti
Trigano, C., Ngo, B., Ellart, J., & Duquennoy-Martinot, V. (2023) · EMC - Tecniche Chirurgiche - Chirurgia Plastica¸ Ricostruttiva ed Estetica · doi:10.1016/s1769-6704(22)47499-7
Cirugía de las orejas despegadas
Trigano, C., Ngo, B., Ellart, J., & Duquennoy-Martinot, V. (2023) · EMC - Cirugía Plástica Reparadora y Estética · doi:10.1016/s1634-2143(23)47669-8
A CASE REPORT: EARLOBE RECONSTRUCTION ON CONGENITAL AURICULAR LOBE DEFECT USING Z-PLASTY
Amatullah, N. F., & Saputro, I. D. (2024) · Jurnal Rekonstruksi dan Estetik · doi:10.20473/jre.v9i1.54622
Aesthetic Auricle Reconstruction with the Dieffenbach Flap: A Retrospective Case Review
Bennett, A. L., Nissan, M. E., Niksic, A., Başağaoğlu, B., & Thornton, J. (2024) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/a-2378-8298
Ipsilateral Intact Concha as a Rotational Flap for Reconstruction of Congenital Auricular Defect
Hassanpour, S. E., Rouzbahani, A. K., Goudarzi, Z., Aliakbari, M., & Mahmoudvand, H. (2025) · WORLD JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY · doi:10.61882/wjps.14.2.98
The ideal auricular size: A perceptual analysis.
Gaus, S., Poser, K. E. A., Poser, M., Pankow, T., Werle, S., Kloss-Brandstätter, A., Fichter, A., & Pausch, N. C. (2026) · Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2026.104561
Gonzales, J. J., Hollier, P., & Hollier, L. H. (2026) · The Journal of craniofacial surgery (Print) · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000012871
- Authors
- Siegert, R., & Magritz, R.
- Affiliations
- Prosper Hospital (DE)
- Venue
- Facial Plastic Surgery
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 04
- Pages
- 377-386
- ISSN
- 0736-6825 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-8793
- OpenAlex
- W2971263608
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Facial Plastic Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Congenital Ear and Nasal Anomalies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- otoplasty, ear reconstruction, auricular malformation, protruding ears, microtia, anotia, antihelix
- MeSH terms
- Ear, External, Humans, Surgery, Plastic, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Ear Auricle, Congenital Microtia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review