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Cited by 103Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological Responses

Biological variation in variables associated with exercise training.

Malene Bagger, P H Petersen, P.  K.  Pedersen·2003·International Journal of Sports Medicine
DOI 10.1055/s-2003-41180
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Abstract

To be able to identify a training induced change in a certain variable, it is necessary to know the background variation. In this study the coefficient of variation (total, between-subjects, within-subjects), the relative sources of variance (between-subjects and within-subjects), and the critical difference (within-subjects) were estimated in four categories of variables (performance and physiological variables, metabolic and hormonal variables, immunological variables, and mood state variables) in 15 moderately trained male runners measured on three different occasions over a period of 7 weeks. In the performance and physiological variables, 78.9 % of the variance was due to variation between subjects and they had the lowest critical difference (11.9 %). In contrast, the metabolic and hormonal variables had the highest critical difference (59.9 %) and 53.4 % of the variance was due to variations within subjects. The immunological and psychological variables had about two thirds of the variance arising from variation between subjects. However, the critical difference for the immunological variables was high (47.4 %), while it was relatively low for the psychological variables (26.8 %). The low critical difference and variation within subjects of the psychological and in particular the performance and physiological variables indicate that they may be beneficial as primary markers of training induced changes.

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Authors
Bagger, M., Petersen, P. H., & Pedersen, P. K.
Affiliations
  • University of Southern Denmark (DK)
  • Odense University Hospital (DK)
Venue
International Journal of Sports Medicine
Publisher
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published
2003-08
Volume
24
Issue
6
Pages
433-440
ISSN
  • 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
  • 1439-3964
DOI
10.1055/s-2003-41180
OpenAlex
W134057725
Cited by
103
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
FWCI
2.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
biological variation, coefficient of variation, critical difference, exercise training, training-induced changes, running performance, physiological parameters, mood states
MeSH terms
Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Hormones, Humans, Immune System, Male, Running, Biomarkers

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