The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Maximal Fat Oxidation During Exercise in Trained Men
Abstract
Fat oxidation increases from low to moderate exercise intensities and decreases from moderate to high exercise intensities. Recently, a protocol has been developed to determine the exercise intensity, which elicits maximal fat oxidation rates (Fat(max)). The main aim of the present study was to establish the reliability of the estimation of Fat(max) using this protocol (n = 10). An additional aim was to determine Fat(max) in a large group of endurance-trained individuals (n = 55). For the assessment of reliability, subjects performed three graded exercise tests to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Tests were performed after an overnight fast and diet and exercise regime on the day before all tests were similar. Fifty-five male subjects performed the graded exercise test on one occasion. The typical error (root mean square error and CV) for Fat(max) and Fat(min) was 0.23 and 0.33 l O(2) x min(-1) and 9.6 and 9.4 % respectively. Maximal fat oxidation rates of 0.52 +/- 0.15 g x min(-1) were reached at 62.5 +/- 9.8 % VO(2)max, while Fat(min) was located at 86.1 +/- 6.8 % VO(2)max. When the subjects were divided in two groups according to their VO(2)max, the large spread in Fat(max) and maximal fat oxidation rates remained present. The CV of the estimation of Fat(max) and Fa(min) is 9.0 - 9.5 %. In the present study the average intensity of maximal fat oxidation was located at 63 % VO(2)max. Even within a homogeneous group of subjects, there was a relatively large inter-individual variation in Fat(max) and the rate of maximal fat oxidation.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It has been shown that the maximal rate of fat oxidation occurs at intensities of ≈65% VO2max [163]”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [163]
In the citing paper
“The prolonged durations and slower relative running speeds that characterize ultra-marathon appear, therefore, to permit increased rates of fat oxidation for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) re-synthesis [100].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [100]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise
Hargreaves, M., & Spriet, L. L. (2020) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-020-0251-4 · Cited by 1,408
Périard, J. D., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., & Daanen, H. A. M. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00038.2020 · Cited by 774
Optimizing fat oxidation through exercise and diet
Achten, J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2004) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.005 · Cited by 361
Self-citationNew Insights into the Interaction of Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism During Exercise
Spriet, L. L. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0154-1 · Cited by 271
“Fat oxidation increases from rest to low- and moderateintensity exercise (maximum at *60–65 % VO2max), but decreases at power outputs above approximately 75 % VO2max [29–31].”
BackgroundSeiler, S., & Tønnessen, E. (2009) · Cited by 205
Fat oxidation rates are higher during running compared with cycling over a wide range of intensities
Achten, J., Venables, M., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2003) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(03)00068-4 · Cited by 189
Self-citationCarbohydrate Dependence During Prolonged, Intense Endurance Exercise
Hawley, J. A., & Leckey, J. J. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0400-1 · Cited by 172
“,\65 % VO2max) and seldom at higher work rates at which fat oxidation would be minimal [10].”
BackgroundTiller, N. B., Roberts, J. D., Beasley, L., Chapman, S., Pinto, J. M., Smith, L., Wiffin, M., Russell, M., Sparks, S. A., Duckworth, L., et al. (2019) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0312-9 · Cited by 164
Contextualising Maximal Fat Oxidation During Exercise: Determinants and Normative Values
Maunder, E., Plews, D. J., & Kilding, A. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00599 · Cited by 173
“6% for Fatmax in a cohort of overnight fasted moderately-trained males with 24h pre-trial dietary repetition (Achten and Jeukendrup, 2003a).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFat burners: nutrition supplements that increase fat metabolism
Jeukendrup, A. E., & Randell, R. (2011) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00908.x · Cited by 150
“Participants cycled at 67% VO2max for 90 min followed by a time trial.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationThe Importance of ‘Durability’ in the Physiological Profiling of Endurance Athletes
Maunder, E., Seiler, S., Mildenhall, M. J., Kilding, A. E., & Plews, D. J. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01459-0 · Cited by 183
Effect of Ramadan fasting on fuel oxidation during exercise in trained male rugby players
Bouhlel, E., Salhi, Z., Bouhlel, H., Mdella, S. B., Amamou, A., Zaouali, M., Mercier, J. G., Bigard, X. A., Tabka, Z., Zbidi, A., et al. (2006) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70317-8 · Cited by 140
“91 g/min in a homogenous group of moderately trained subjects [27].”
BackgroundMaximal fat oxidation rates in endurance trained and untrained women
Stisen, A. B., Stougaard, O., Langfort, J., Helge, J. W., Sahlin, K., & Madsen, K. (2006) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0290-x · Cited by 126
“Similar values of maximal fat oxidation rate in the present study have also been found in trained and untrained (Venables et al. 2005; Nordby et al. 2006), but our results are low compared with the values found in the studies by Achten et al. (2002, 2003) and Achten and Jeukendrup (2003).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialIsacco, L., Duché, P., & Boisseau, N. (2012) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11598900-000000000-00000 · Cited by 116
The endocrine response and substrate utilization during exercise in children and adolescents
Riddell, M. C. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00031.2008 · Cited by 111
Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise
Alghannam, A. F., Ghaith, M. M., & Alhussain, M. H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094963 · Cited by 104
Maximal Fat Oxidation Rates in an Athletic Population
RANDELL, R. K., ROLLO, I., ROBERTS, T. J., DALRYMPLE, K. J., JEUKENDRUP, A. E., & CARTER, J. M. (2017) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001084 · Cited by 101
“In 2003, Achten and Jeukendrup (3) reported significantly higher MFO in athletes when the group was spilt into individuals who had a V̇O2max higher or lower than the group mean (0.56 T 0.14 vs 0.48 T 0.15 gIminj1, respectively).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationEffects of capsinoid ingestion on energy expenditure and lipid oxidation at rest and during exercise
Josse, A. R., Sherriffs, S. S., Holwerda, A. M., Andrews, R. V., Staples, A. W., & Phillips, S. M. (2010) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-65 · Cited by 94
“85, a level at which a good blend of fuels are being oxidized, but is also an intensity close to what has been referred to as ‘fatmax’, which is defined as the intensity of exercise at which the maximal rate of lipid oxidation occurs [19,24-26].”
BackgroundHodgson, A. B., Randell, R. K., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2013) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.112.003269 · Cited by 89
Self-citationRiddell, M. C., Jamnik, V., Iscoe, K. E., Timmons, B. W., & Gledhill, N. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01256.2007 · Cited by 84
Individual variability in compensatory eating following acute exercise in overweight and obese women
Hopkins, M., Blundell, J. E., & King, N. A. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091721 · Cited by 82
Fletcher, G., Eves, F. F., Glover, E. I., Robinson, S. L., Vernooij, C. A., Thompson, J. L., & Wallis, G. A. (2017) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.133520 · Cited by 75
“However, substantial interindividual variability in energy substrate partitioning and the maximal rate of fat oxidation (MFO) during exercise has been identified (9, 12, 13).”
BackgroundEffect of a four-week ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism in CrossFit-trained athletes
Durkalec‐Michalski, K., Nowaczyk, P. M., & Siedzik, K. (2019) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0284-9 · Cited by 81
Maximal Fat Oxidation is Related to Performance in an Ironman Triathlon
Frandsen, J., Vest, S., Larsen, S., Dela, F., & Helge, J. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0043-117178 · Cited by 74
“In line with our finding Jeukendrup and co-workers previously found that VO2max and FATMAX were not related in a group of well-trained athletes [2].”
BackgroundResultHopkins, M., Gibbons, C., Caudwell, P., Hellström, P. M., Näslund, E. B., King, N. A., Finlayson, G., & Blundell, J. E. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.277 · Cited by 72
“Finally, VO2peak was 133 determined using a validated maximal incremental treadmill test (15), with expired air 134 (Sensormedics Vmax29, Yorba Linda, USA) and heart rate (Polar RS400, Polar, Kempele, 135 Finland) continoulsy measured.”
MethodHetlelid, K. J., Plews, D. J., Herold, E., Laursen, P. B., & Seiler, S. (2015) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000047 · Cited by 72
“15 g/min) reported by Achten and Jeukendrup in trained men.(2) Continuous, graded exercise protocols consisting of 3– 5 min periods of exercise at increasing intensities have been frequently used to estimate maximal FATox rates in untrained to moderately trained participants.”
MethodThe effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate feedings on the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation
Achten, J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2003) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410310001641403 · Cited by 69
“There appear to be large inter-individual differences in the maximal rate of fat oxidation (Achten and Jeukendrup, 2003), which could explain the differences between this study and that of Achten et al. (2002).”
ResultSelf-citationMaternal diet, bioactive molecules, and exercising as reprogramming tools of metabolic programming
Mathias, P. C. D. F., Elmhiri, G., de Oliveira, J. C., Delayre‐Orthez, C., Barella, L. F., Tófolo, L. P., Fabricio, G. S., Chango, A., & Abdennebi‐Najar, L. (2014) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-014-0654-7 · Cited by 68
“contributes to lipid mobilisation via adaptations that increase fat oxidation [85, 86].”
Andriolo, R. B., Dib, R. E., Ramos, L., Atallah, Á. N., & da Silva, E. M. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005176.pub4 · Cited by 68
Reproducibility of Fatmax and Fat Oxidation Rates during Exercise in Recreationally Trained Males
Croci, I., Borrani, F., Byrne, N. M., Wood, R. E., Hickman, I. J., Chenevière, X., & Malatesta, D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097930 · Cited by 63
“The authors reported that _ VO2 and _ VCO2 were reliable in resting conditions [16,17] and that CVs for _ VO2, _ VCO2 and RER were lower than 5% in response to each stage of an incremental exercise test [8,18,19].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialStrauss, J. A., Willems, M. E. T., & Shepherd, S. O. (2018) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3858-3 · Cited by 60
“The increased fat oxidation following NZBC intake in our female participants appears to be valid, since the mean difference of ~ 27% in fat oxidation is greater than the 10% day-to-day variability in fat oxidation reported previously (Achten and Jeukendrup 2003), and is greater 2 3 4 5 6”
A Mathematical Model to Describe Fat Oxidation Kinetics during Graded Exercise
Chenevière, X., Malatesta, D., Peters, E. M., & Borrani, F. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31819e2f91 · Cited by 59
Shaw, C. S., Swinton, C., Morales-Scholz, M. G., McRae, N., Erftemeyer, T., Aldous, A., Murphy, R. M., & Howlett, K. F. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00797.2019 · Cited by 56
Sahlin, K., Mogensen, M., Bagger, M., Fernström, M., & Pedersen, P. K. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00266.2006 · Cited by 57
“FA oxidation reaches a peak at an intensity of 44–65% V̇O2 max (1, 2, 29) and decreases when the intensity is increased further.”
BackgroundCook, M. D., Myers, S., Gault, M. L., Edwards, V. C., & Willems, M. E. T. (2017) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3607-z · Cited by 51
Relationship between training status and maximal fat oxidation rate.
(2010) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 50
Brun, J.-F., Myzia, J., Varlet-Marie, E., Raynaud de Mauverger, E., & Mercier, J. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14081605 · Cited by 48
Vitamin C Consumption Does Not Impair Training-Induced Improvements in Exercise Performance
Roberts, L. A., Beattie, K., Close, G. L., & Morton, J. P. (2011) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.6.1.58 · Cited by 51
Gender-based differences in substrate use during exercise at a self-selected pace
Dasilva, S. G., Guidetti, L., Buzzachera, C. F., Elsangedy, H. M., Krinski, K., De Campos, W., Goss, F. L., & Baldari, C. (2011) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181fb4962 · Cited by 46
“0); and (d) fatmax zone, range of exercise intensities with fat oxidation rates within 10% of fat oxidation rates at fatmax (1,2,40).”
BackgroundLewis, N. A., Collins, D. J., Pedlar, C. R., & Rogers, J. P. (2015) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000063 · Cited by 50
“85 This has signi fi cant implications for glycogen use, recovery duration and, therefore, EB.”
BackgroundFeltz, D. L., Irwin, B. C., & Kerr, N. L. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681200600413 · Cited by 45
Physical exercise in kidney disease: A commonly undervalued treatment modality
Kanbay, M., Çöpür, S., Yıldız, A. B., Tanrıöver, C., Mallamaci, F., & Zoccali, C. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.14105 · Cited by 49
“65,66 Physical exercise has anti-atherogenic effects.”
Exercise increases plasma THC concentrations in regular cannabis users
Wong, A., Montebello, M. E., Norberg, M. M., Rooney, K. B., Lintzeris, N., Bruno, R., Booth, J., Arnold, J. C., & McGregor, I. S. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.07.031 · Cited by 44
“A target HR and PO was thus set for each participant for the Day 2 exercise anipulation to achieve approximately 50% VO2 Max, a level at which lipolysis is hought to be maximized (Achten and Jeukendrup, 2003).”
MethodDandanell, S., Præst, C. B., Søndergård, S. D., Skovborg, C., Dela, F., Larsen, S., & Helge, J. W. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0518 · Cited by 44
“Achten et al. (Achten et al. 2002; Achten and Jeukendrup 2003) conducted the only other study validating a graded exercise protocol against a continuous exercise protocol.”
BackgroundMethodDandanell, S., Meinild‐Lundby, A., Andersen, A. B., Lang, P. F., Oberholzer, L., Keiser, S., Robach, P., Larsen, S., Rønnestad, B. R., & Lundby, C. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13298 · Cited by 43
Increased Noradrenergic Activity in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus during Treadmill Running in Rats
KITAOKA, R., Fujikawa, T., Miyaki, T., Matsumura, S., Fushiki, T., & Inoue, K. (2010) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.56.185 · Cited by 42
Decrease of body fat during an ultra-endurance triathlon is associated with race intensity
Knechtle, B., Schwanke, M., Knechtle, P., & Köhler, G. (2007) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.040956 · Cited by 40
Prins, P., Noakes, T. D., Buga, A., D’Agostino, D. P., Volek, J. S., Buxton, J. D., Heckman, K., Jones, D. W., Tobias, N. E., Grose, H. M., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1084021 · Cited by 44
“24% VO2max) at which the rate of fat oxidation should be approaching zero (25, 26, 30), not increasing.”
BackgroundType 1 Diabetes and Physical Exercise: Moving (forward) as an Adjuvant Therapy
Moser, O., Eckstein, M. L., West, D. J., Goswami, N., Sourij, H., & Hofmann, P. (2020) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612826666200108113002 · Cited by 40
Roberts, J., Willmott, A. G. B., Beasley, L., Boal, M., Davies, R., Martin, L., Chichger, H., Gautam, L., & Coso, J. D. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030764 · Cited by 42
“The FATMAX protocol was based on original research [41], but modified in line with recent studies involving similar cohorts to the present study [42] and pilot work assessment.”
MethodRynders, C. A., Angadi, S. S., Weltman, N. Y., Gaesser, G. A., & WELTMAN, A. L. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1821-z · Cited by 38
“Nevertheless, we suggest that the range of agreement reported for the majority of our sample be considered acceptable for exercise prescription purposes, especially given the poor day-today reproducibility associated with determining FATMAX via indirect calorimetry (Achten and Jeukendrup 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialMaximal lipidic power in high competitive level triathletes and cyclists
González‐Haro, C., Galilea, P. A., de Suso, J. M. G., Drobnic, F., & Escanero, J. F. (2006) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.029603 · Cited by 38
Aucouturier, J., Rance, M., Meyer, M., Isacco, L., Thivel, D., Fellmann, N., Duclos, M., & Duché, P. (2009) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0907-3 · Cited by 36
Frandsen, J., Vest, S. D., Ritz, C., Larsen, S., Dela, F., & Helge, J. W. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00995.2018 · Cited by 35
“This methodology has since been used in multiple studies investigating MFO in relation to sex and exercise mode (29, 30), in various populations from patients to athletes (2, 3, 5, 9, 22, 26) and in several diet and training interventions (4, 19, 20).”
MethodLiepinsh, E., Makarova, E., Plakane, L., Konrāde, I., Liepins, K., Ozola, M., Sevostjanovs, E., Grı̄nberga, S., Makrecka‐Kuka, M., & Dambrova, M. (2020) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14489 · Cited by 37
Breath acetone change during aerobic exercise is moderated by cardiorespiratory fitness
Königstein, K., Abegg, S., Schorn, A. N., Weber, I. C., Derron, N., Krebs, A., Gerber, P. A., Schmidt‐Trucksäss, A., & Güntner, A. T. (2020) · Journal of Breath Research · doi:10.1088/1752-7163/abba6c · Cited by 39
“High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may improve metabolic responsiveness towards exercise stimuli [6].”
BackgroundMethodChanges in peak fat oxidation in response to different doses of endurance training
Rosenkilde, M., Reichkendler, M. H., Auerbach, P., Bonne, T. C., Sjödin, A. M., Ploug, T., & Stallknecht, B. M. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12151 · Cited by 36
Protein intake induced an increase in exercise stimulated fat oxidation during stable body weight
Soenen, S., Plasqui, G., Smeets, A. J., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.08.019 · Cited by 33
Low carbohydrate high fat ketogenic diets on the exercise crossover point and glucose homeostasis
Noakes, T. D., Prins, P., Volek, J. S., D’Agostino, D. P., & Koutnik, A. P. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1150265 · Cited by 39
“FIGURE 4 Changes in rates of fat oxidation with increasing exercise intensity (%VO2max) in three different studies (Achten and Jeukendrup, 2003; Burke et al., 2021; Prins et al., 2023b).”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of metabolic state on the regulation of melanocortin circuits
Lieu, L., Chau, D., Afrin, S., Dong, Y., Alhadeff, A. L., Betley, J. N., & Williams, K. W. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113039 · Cited by 35
“Interestingly, aerobic exercise performed in a fasted state has been associated with an increased reliance on fat, at least during exercise of low-to moderate-intensity [2, 95].”
BackgroundNoakes, T. D. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14040862 · Cited by 40
“Thus, the glycogenolytic rate as significantly submaximal during exercise Nutrients 2022, 14, 862 24 of 53 at 70% VO2max in both dietary conditions and was therefore not ‘limiting’ for exercise performance at 70% VO2max in either group.”
BackgroundInfluentialMaximal Physiological Responses between Aquatic and Land Exercise in Overweight Women
PHILLIPS, V. K., Legge, M., & Jones, L. M. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318164d0e0 · Cited by 33
Fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities: fitness versus fatness
Croci, I., Hickman, I. J., Wood, R. E., Borrani, F., Macdonald, G. A., & Byrne, N. M. (2014) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2014-0144 · Cited by 30
“Assessment of the shape of the Fox kinetics as a function of exercise intensity with the SIN model, a mathematical model allowing a more detailed comparison between groups than other commonly used methods (Achten and Jeukendrup 2003; Cheneviere et al. 2009; Perez-Martin et al. 2001; Venables et al. 2005), could clarif…”
MethodThe Role of Episodic Postprandial Peptides in Exercise-Induced Compensatory Eating
Gibbons, C., Blundell, J. E., Caudwell, P., Webb, D., Hellström, P. M., Näslund, E. B., & Finlayson, G. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-00817 · Cited by 30
Mohebbi, H., & Azizi, M. (2011) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.4100/jhse.2011.61.06 · Cited by 29
“From each fat oxidation curve, several features were identified according to a previously described procedure (Achten & Jeukendrup, 2003): 1) MFO, the peak rate of fat oxidation measured over the entire range of exercise intensities, and 2) Fatmax, the exercise intensity at which the fat oxidation…”
MethodLipolytic Markers, Insulin and Resting Fat Oxidation are Associated with Maximal Fat Oxidation
Robinson, S., Chambers, E. S., Fletcher, G., & Wallis, G. A. (2016) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0042-100291 · Cited by 31
“The exercise test was a modified version of that described previously [2] with the starting speed and treadmill inclination set to 3.”
MethodResultChávez-Guevara, I. A., Hernández‐Torres, R. P., González-Rodríguez, E., Ramos‐Jiménez, A., & Amaro‐Gahete, F. J. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04936-0 · Cited by 31
Meyer, T., Folz, C., Rosenberger, F., & Kindermann, W. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00775.x · Cited by 29
“Achten et al. provided data from 10 young male subjects who repeated their Fatmax test three times (Achten & Jeukendrup, 2003).”
BackgroundHopkins, M., Gibbons, C., Caudwell, P., Webb, D., Hellström, P. M., Näslund, E. B., Blundell, J. E., & Finlayson, G. (2014) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2014/323728 · Cited by 31
“Maximal aerobic capacity (VO 2 peak ) was determined using a validated maximal incremental treadmill test [17], with expired air (Sensormedics Vmax29, Yorba Linda, USA) and heart rate (Polar RS400, Polar, Kempele, Finland) measured continuously.”
Reliability and day-to-day variability of peak fat oxidation during treadmill ergometry
Silveira, R. D. S., Carlsohn, A., Langen, G., Mayer, F., & Scharhag‐Rosenberger, F. (2016) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0115-1 · Cited by 29
“Achten [7] has advocated good reliability after assessing 10 healthy and moderately trained males as they performed an incremental test to exhaustion (test start: 95 W; stage increment and duration: 35 W every 3 min) on three different occasions and after a 12-h overnight fast.”
MethodQuantifying Differences in the “Fat Burning” Zone and the Aerobic Zone: Implications For Training
Carey, D. (2009) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181bac5c5 · Cited by 29
“To the best of my knowledge, the only authors to address this question are Achten and Jeukendrup (2), who obtained a coefficient of variability of 9.0%, indicating a modest reliability for MFO.”
BackgroundInfluentialClaassen, A., Lambert, E. V., Bosch, A. N., Rodger, I. M., Gibson, A. S. C., & Noakes, T. D. (2005) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.15.2.97 · Cited by 29
Yin, M., Chen, Z., Nassis, G. P., Liu, H., Li, H., Deng, J., & Li, Y. (2023) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2023.08.001 · Cited by 38
Determination of “Fatmax” with 1 h cycling protocols of constant load
Meyer, T., Gäßler, N., & Kindermann, W. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h06-108 · Cited by 28
“They determined ‘‘Fatmax’’—the intensity eliciting maximal fat oxidation—by means of indirect calorimetry using an incremental cycling protocol with 35 W stages of 3 min duration (Achten and Jeukendrup 2003).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe Effect of Casein Protein Prior to Sleep on Fat Metabolism in Obese Men
Kinsey, A., Cappadona, S., Panton, L., Allman, B., Contreras, R., Hickner, R., & Ormsbee, M. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8080452 · Cited by 28
“While assuming negligible nitrogen excretion is a widely accepted method [27,28], it should be noted”
MethodPeak fat oxidation rate during walking in sedentary overweight men and women.
Bogdanis, G. C., Vangelakoudi, A., & Maridaki, M. D. (2008) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 27
No Effect of 1 or 7 d of Green Tea Extract Ingestion on Fat Oxidation during Exercise
Randell, R. K., Hodgson, A. B., LOTITO, S. B., Jacobs, D. M., Boon, N., Mela, D. J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31827dd9d4 · Cited by 26
“Generally, highly trained endurance athletes have high absolute whole body fat oxidation rates (3) as a result of skeletal muscle adaptations from endurance-type training.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSynchronizing Gait with Cardiac Cycle Phase Alters Heart Rate Response during Running
Constantini, K., Stickford, A. S. L., Bleich, J. L., Mannheimer, P. D., Levine, B. D., & Chapman, R. F. (2017) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001515 · Cited by 27
Effects of exercise intensity and duration on fat metabolism in trained and untrained older males
Bassami, M., Ahmadizad, S., Doran, D. A., & MacLaren, D. P. M. (2007) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0523-7 · Cited by 26
“The increased fat oxidation for the transition from light intensity to moderate intensity exercise is a direct result of the increased energy expenditure (Achten and Jeukendrup 2003).”
BackgroundExtreme duration exercise affects old and younger men differently
Frandsen, J., Sahl, R. E., Rømer, T., Hansen, M. T., Nielsen, A. B., Lie‐Olesen, M. M., Rasmusen, H. K., Søgaard, D., Ingersen, A., Rosenkilde, M., et al. (2022) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13816 · Cited by 22
Slusher, A. L., WHITEHURST, M. A., Zoeller, R. F., Mock, J. T., Maharaj, A., & Huang, C. (2015) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12275 · Cited by 29
Re-Evaluating the Oxidative Phenotype: Can Endurance Exercise Save the Western World?
Kolodziej, F., & O’Halloran, K. D. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10040609 · Cited by 28
“Nonetheless, as FAO falls, the glycolytic flux via pyruvate (and lactate) supports OXPHOS increasingly until the Fat Min intensity is reached (around 80% of VO2 max) [9], beyond which the anaerobic metabolism predominates.”
BackgroundInfluentialANGPTL4, IL-6 and TNF-α as regulators of lipid metabolism during a marathon run
Górecka, M., Krzeminski, K., Mikulski, T., & Ziemba, A. W. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17439-x · Cited by 24
Prins, P., Noakes, T. D., Buxton, J. D., Welton, G. L., Raabe, A., Scott, K., Atwell, A. D., Haley, S., Esbenshade, N., & Abraham, J. (2022) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2023.116452 · Cited by 25
Ipavec-Levasseur, S., Croci, I., Choquette, S., Byrne, N. M., Cowin, G., O'Moore‐Sullivan, T. M., Prins, J. B., & Hickman, I. J. (2015) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0258 · Cited by 22
“Standardisation of pre-test conditions were in line with previous 170 studies (Achten and Jeukendrup 2003; Achten and Jeukendrup 2004; Achten et al. 2002; 171 pp l. Ph ys io l.”
ResultSex difference in substrate oxidation during low-intensity isometric exercise in young adults
Sarafian, D., Schütz, Y., Montani, J., Dulloo, A. G., & Miles-Chan, J. L. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0127 · Cited by 24
Variable Duration of Decaffeinated Green Tea Extract Ingestion on Exercise Metabolism
RANDELL, R. K., HODGSON, A. B., LOTITO, S. B., JACOBS, D. M., ROWSON, M., MELA, D. J., & JEUKENDRUP, A. E. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000205 · Cited by 22
“Higher rates of absolute fat oxidation have been found in trained compared with untrained/ sedentary populations (2, 20).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCrossover and maximal fat-oxidation points in sedentary healthy subjects: Methodological issues
Gmada, N., Marzouki, H., Haboubi, M., Tabka, Z., Shephard, R. J., & Bouhlel, E. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2011.07.004 · Cited by 22
Vasquez Bonilla, A., González-Custodio, A., Timón, R., Cardenosa, A., Camacho-Cardenosa, M., & Olcina, G. (2023) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2023.114288 · Cited by 22
“First, a standardized warm-up of 10 min at 100 W was performed; the ramp protocol consisted of increments of 30 W · min -3 until vo-litional exhaustion [13].”
InfluentialCamacho-Cardeñosa, A., Camacho-Cardeñosa, M., Brazo‐Sayavera, J., Timón, R., González-Custodio, A., & Olcina, G. J. (2020) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04344-2 · Cited by 24
Astaxanthin-, β-Carotene-, and Resveratrol-Rich Foods Support Resistance Training-Induced Adaptation
Kawamura, A., Aoi, W., Abe, R., Kobayashi, Y., Kuwahata, M., & Higashi, A. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10010113 · Cited by 20
“The respiratory quotient and substrate use were calculated from the levels of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production [11].”
MethodBrun, J.-F., Varlet-Marie, E., Jrme, A., & Mercier, J. (2012) · An International Perspective on Topics in Sports Medicine and Sports Injury · doi:10.5772/25451 · Cited by 19
Aslankeser, Z., & Balcı, Ş. S. (2017) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.3769 · Cited by 19
“PeerJ 5:e3769; DOI 10.7717/peerj.3769 on the exercise intensity (Achten & Jeukendrup, 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialBircher, S., Knechtle, B., & Knecht, H. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01538.x · Cited by 19
Nosaka, N., Suzuki, Y., Suemitsu, H., Kasai, M., Kato, K., & Taguchi, M. (2018) · Journal of Oleo Science · doi:10.5650/jos.ess18112 · Cited by 21
Gmada, N., Marzouki, H., Sassi, R. H., Tabka, Z., Shephard, R. J., Brun, J. ‐., & Bouhlel, E. (2012) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2012.04.007 · Cited by 17
Riis, S., Møller, A. B., Dollerup, O. L., Høffner, L., Jessen, N., & Madsen, K. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13541 · Cited by 19
Andriolo, R. B., Dib, R. E., Ramos, L., Atallah, �. N., & da Silva, E. M. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005176.pub2 · Cited by 19
RetractedНиколовски, З., Barbaresi, S., Cable, N. T., & Peric, R. (2020) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2020.1717640 · Cited by 17
Brandou, F., Aloulou, I., Razimbaud, A., Fédou, C., Mercier, J. G., & Brun, J. ‐. (2006) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02578.x · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Achten, J., & Jeukendrup, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- ORCID
- Juul Achten
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 603-608
- ISSN
- 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3964
- OpenAlex
- W2185042170
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- maximal fat oxidation, fat oxidation, endurance-trained men, incremental exercise test, test-retest reliability, exercise intensity, VO2max, interindividual variability, substrate utilization
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Body Composition, Clinical Protocols, Exercise Test, Humans, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Reproducibility of Results, Exercise, Confidence Intervals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
