Decreased Nocturnal Catecholamine Excretion: Parameter for an Overtraining Syndrome in Athletes?*
Abstract
The effectiveness of high performance training should be examined at short intervals in order to recognize overtraining promptly. Field or laboratory tests can usually not be performed with such frequency. Easy-to-measure biological, training-relevant parameters are being sought to use in their place. Since the importance of the sympathetic nervous system for adaptation of stress and the relationship between physical training and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system are well accepted, and since an impairment of the sympathetic nervous system is assumed in an overtraining syndrome, we examined the relevance of nocturnal "basal" urinary excretion of free catecholamines with respect to its practical application: 1. during a pilot study (training of road and track cyclists before the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul), 2. through a 4-week prospective, experimental study in 1989 and 1990 (middle- and long-distance runners), 3. during the competitive season and winter break of a soccer team between August 1990 and April 1991. The following hypothesis was made: An overtraining or exhaustion syndrome in athletes may usually be accompanied by at least a 50% decrease in basal dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline excretion. When training is effective or the athletes are not exhausted, the decrease of the excretion rate--with the exception of dopamine--is more likely to be lower (noradrenaline, adrenaline). Generalization of these results requires further expansion of the experimental basis.
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60-80% of athletes in the early stage of chronic stress have higher pituitary CRH-stimulated ACTH response.
“comprehensive studies in endurance athletes conducted by Lehmann [32, 33] during the past 20 years have shown that 60-80% of athletes in the early stage of chronic stress have higher pituitary CRH-stimulated ACTH response.”
From Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes (2016) · cites this paper as [33]
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Autonomic imbalance hypothesis and overtraining syndrome
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Tessitore, A., MEEUSEN, R. R., Pagano, R., Benvenuti, C., Tiberi, M., & Capranica, L. (2008) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31817396ac · Cited by 110 · see citing works
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BackgroundMethodInfluentialCatecholamine responses to short-term high-intensity resistance exercise overtraining
Fry, A. C., Kraemer, W. J., van Borselen, F., Lynch, J. M., Triplett, N. T., Koziris, L. P., & Fleck, S. J. (1994) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1994.77.2.941 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
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“…exceedingly demanding athletic training with inadequate recovery may lead to overreaching or overtraining state, which has also been related to reduced values of nocturnal catecholamines (Lehmann et al. 1992) and HRV even after a resting period (Hynynen et al. 2006, 2007; Mourot et al. 2004).”
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Cadegiani, F., & Kater, C. E. (2019) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000542 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Biochemical markers (13) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hour) and (14) haematocrit (%) (15) C reactive protein (mg/dL) and (16) lactate (nmol/L) (17) Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) and (18) ferritin (ng/mL) (19) Neutrophils, (20) lymphocyte and (21) eosinophils (all /mm(3)) (22) Creatine kinase (U/L)”
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“Several studies have reported the occurrence of catecholamine exhaustion as the result of overreaching (10), which could be the cause of changes to HR during stage races (13).”
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BackgroundMarcadores hormonales del síndrome de sobreentrenamiento
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BackgroundChanges in immune functions during a peaking period in male university soccer players
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“It has also been reported that a reduced number of neutrophils and lymphocytes or their decreased function due to long-term training were affected by reduced secretion of catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline (41,42).”
BackgroundLeistungs- und Funktionsdiagnostik im Hochleistungsfußball
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Place de l'interrogatoire dans le diagnostic de surentraînement
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Urinary Catecholamines as Markers in Overtraining Syndrome
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Monitoring Overtraining in Women Wrestlers
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“Despite the observation of both an increased and decreased HRV responses, our observations and hypotheses are supported in the literature by studies showing increased exercise induced plasma levels as well as the unstable urinary excretion of catecholamine’s in overtrained athletes [16, 17] .”
ResultTRAUMEEL S: THE SPORTSMAN'S ANSWER TO ENHANCHED EXERCISE PERFORMANCE AND THE OVERTRAINING SYNDROME?
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Ortostaattinen sykevaihtelu, mieliala ja hormonipitoisuudet uimareilla eri harjoituskausilla
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Diário de bordo - Ventos alísios
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Exercise Tolerance and Impairment of Sympathetic Nervous System Activity
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Self-citationRegeneration im leistungssportlichen Training
Faude, O. (2007) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stellungnahme zum Leserbrief von W. Kindermann, A. Urhausen und D. Theisen
Freiwald, J. (2008) · Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology · doi:10.1016/j.orthtr.2008.08.005
EVALUATION OF ENDOCRINE ACTIVITIES AND HORMONAL METABOLIC CONTROL IN TRAINING AND OVERTRAINING
Vim, A., & Vim, M. (1999)
Chronisches Müdigkeitssyndrom und Sport
Jeschke, D., Schmid, C., & Zeilberger, K. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19026-1_7
Mourot, L. (2004) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
Bricout, V., Guinot, M., Duclos, M., Koulmann, N., Serrurier, B., Flore, P., Bigard, X. A., & Favre‐Juvin, A. (2006)
Síndrome do subdesempenho físico no futebolista?
Burini, R. C. (2012) · Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício · doi:10.33233/rbfe.v11i4.3412
Astalakshmi, M., Nivethitha, L., Manavalan, N., et al. (2024) · Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_24_24
- Authors
- Lehmann, M., Schnee, W., Scheu, R., Stockhausen, W., & Bachl, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 1992-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 03
- Pages
- 236-242
- ISSN
- 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3964
- OpenAlex
- W2006998212
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- overtraining syndrome, sympathetic nervous system, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, athletes, cyclists, soccer players, training load monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bicycling, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Humans, Norepinephrine, Rest, Running, Soccer, Stress, Physiological, Sympathetic Nervous System
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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