The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Menstrual Cycle and Exercise: Performance, Muscle Glycogen, and Substrate Responses
Abstract
Six eumenorrheic females (age = 26.3 +/- 2.4 yrs; X +/- SE) exercised until exhaustion (EE; 70% VO2max) at the midluteal (LP, 7-8 days after ovulation) and midfollicular (FP, days 7-8) phases of their menstrual cycles. Phases were confirmed by estradiol and progesterone concentrations. Each EE test was preceded by a depletion exercise bout (DE; 90 min, 60% VO2max and 4 x 1 min, 100% VO2max) and 3 days of rest/diet control. Muscle biopsies 1% (vastus lateralis) were taken post-DE, pre-EE, and post-EE and then analyzed for glycogen content. There was a strong tendency (P less than 0.07) for EE duration to be greater during LP (139.2 +/- 14.9 min) than FP (126 +/- 17.5 min). Glycogen repletion (pre-EE minus post-DE) following DE was greater (P = 0.05) during the LP than FP (88.2 +/- 4.7 vs 72.8 +/- 5.7 mumol/g w. w. muscle). However, EE glycogen utilization (pre-EE minus post-EE/EE time) did not differ between phases (LP = 0.41 +/- 0.08 mumol/g w. w. muscle/min vs FP = 0.33 +/- 0.11 mumol/g w. w. muscle/min; P = 0.17). The results suggest that exercise performance and muscle glycogen content are enhanced during the LP of the menstrual cycle. These findings imply athletic performance may be affected by the phases of the menstrual cycle.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“metabolic perturbations of exercise are still evident 21 hours after 60–90 min of low to moderate intensity exercise in men but are no longer apparent after 3 hours in women [155,172,215].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [215]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–195 of 195
Metabolic response to a large starch meal after rest and exercise: comparison between men and women
Folch, N., Péronnet, F., Massicotte, D., Charpentier, S., & Lavoie, C. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601650 · Cited by 17
“In contrast, the replenishment of glycogen stores when carbohydrates are ingested following exercise could be smaller in women than men (Nicklas et al, 1989; Tamopolsky et al, 1995), particularly in the follicular phase of the cycle (Nicklas et al, 1989).”
BackgroundInfluentialMechanisms Underlying Menstrual Cycle Effects on Exercise Performance: A Scoping Review
Bernstein, C., & Behringer, M. (2023) · Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal · doi:10.1123/wspaj.2022-0026 · Cited by 16
Mikkonen, R. S., Ihalainen, J. K., Hackney, A. C., & Häkkinen, K. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01955-5 · Cited by 22
“Furthermore, no training studies exist to date that demonstrate benefits from periodizing endurance training according to menstrual cycle phase, although cross-sectional studies indicate an increased dependency on fat oxidation during the luteal phase [125, 126].”
Self-citationInfluence of the Menstrual Cycle Phase on Marathon Performance in Recreational Runners
Greenhall, M., Taipale, R. S., Ihalainen, J. K., & Hackney, A. C. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2020-0238 · Cited by 16
Self-citationHulton, A. T., Malone, J. J., Campbell, I. T., & MacLaren, D. P. M. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04754-w · Cited by 14
“1992), whereas a few studies have found that the menstrual cycle phase does affect hormonal and metabolic response to exercise (Hackney 1999; Nicklas et al. 1989).”
BackgroundFemales and males: should nutritional recommendations be gender specific?
Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2003) · Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologie · Cited by 14
Price, T. B., & Sanders, K. (2017) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13113 · Cited by 14
“workloads failed to produce significant menstrual effects (Nicklas et al. 1989; DeSouza et al. 1990; Bemben et al. 1995; Campbell et al. 2001; Horton et al. 2002; Dean et al. 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of the Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptives on Sports Performance
Lebrun, C. M. (2000) · doi:10.1002/9780470757093.ch3 · Cited by 14
Exercise Physiology in Men and Women
Lundsgaard, A., Fritzen, A. M., & Kiens, B. (2017) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803506-1.00017-6 · Cited by 14
The effect of menstrual cycle on maximal breath-hold time
Cherouveim, E. D., Botonis, P. G., Tsakiris, T. S., et al. (2020) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2020.103381 · Cited by 13
Power Loading–Induced Fatigue Is Influenced by Menstrual Cycle Phase
PELTONEN, H., Taipale, R. S., UIMONEN, T., WALKER, S., HACKNEY, A. C., VALTONEN, M., Kyröläinen, H., & Ihalainen, J. K. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002904 · Cited by 15
“(25) showed that glycogen content in the muscle is decreased during”
BackgroundSelf-citationOkudan, N., Gökbel, H., Üçok, K., & Baltacı, A. K. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 12
Matsuda, T., Takahashi, H., Nakamura, M., Kanno, M., Ogata, H., Ishikawa, A., Yamada, M., Kamemoto, K., & Sakamaki‐Sunaga, M. (2022) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2021-0532 · Cited by 15
Injuries among female football players
Jacobson, I. (2006) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 12
Isenmann, E., Held, S., Geisler, S., Flenker, U., Jeffreys, I., & Zinner, C. (2024) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-024-01010-4 · Cited by 11
Peak Week Carbohydrate Manipulation Practices in Physique Athletes: A Narrative Review
Homer, K. A., Cross, M. R., & Helms, E. R. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-024-00674-z · Cited by 12
“Thus, muscle glycogen storage is theoretically elevated in the luteal phase compared to the early follicular phase [67]; however, large CHO loads have induced supercompensation to similar values in both menstrual phases in some trials [46, 71], but not in others [72, 73].”
BackgroundGolf, S. W. (2015) · Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies · doi:10.4172/2161-0673.1000158 · Cited by 12
“Since both women and men use glycogen from brain liver and muscle for fast energy during physical stress and during chess playing, mental fatigue occurs earlier in women [125,126], because their body glycogen content is lower if compared to men due to hormonal conditions [127-131] and chess demand for fast energy for…”
BackgroundSomboonwong, J., Chutimakul, L., & Sanguanrungsirikul, S. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/jsc.0000000000000235 · Cited by 11
CARBOHYDRATE SUPPLEMENTATION FAILS TO IMPROVE THE SPRINT PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE CYCLISTS
Jarvis, A. T., Felix, S. D., Sims, S. T., Jones, M. T., & Headley, S. (1999) · Cited by 10
Birch, K. M., & Reilly, T. P. (1997) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h97-012 · Cited by 11
Low Body Fat Percentage and Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Elite Adolescent Dancers
Liu, Z., Gong, Y., Nagamoto, H., Okunuki, T., Yamaguchi, R., Kobayashi, Y., Li, Y., Maemichi, T., & Kumai, T. (2024) · Journal of Dance Medicine & Science · doi:10.1177/1089313x241227282 · Cited by 10
Influence du sexe sur le métabolisme à l'exercice et en récupération. Implications nutritionnelles
Boisseau, N. (2004) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2004.05.001 · Cited by 11
“[66] Nicklas BJ, Hackney AC, Sharp RL.”
BackgroundInfluentialGarcía‐Pinillos, F., Bujalance-Moreno, P., Jerez‐Mayorga, D., Velarde-Sotres, Á., Anaya-Moix, V., Pueyo-Villa, S., & Lago‐Fuentes, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073662 · Cited by 10
“Regarding estrogen, it has been demonstrated that it increases the muscle glycogen storage capacity as well as increasing free fatty acid availability, and it is used as a fuel source through the use of oxidative pathways [4].”
BackgroundSomboonwong, J., Chutimakul, L., & Sanguanrungsirikul, S. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/01.jsc.0000491321.12969.1d · Cited by 10
“However, 1 study reported that the player’s endurance during the midluteal phase was longer because of a higher ratio of estrogen and progesterone (33).”
BackgroundResultBody Composition and Gender Differences in Performance
Cheuvront, S. N., Moffatt, R. J., & DeRuisseau, K. C. (2002) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420041323.ch8 · Cited by 10
EFFECT OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASE AND DIET ON BLOOD LACTATE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE.
Berend, J. Z., Brammeier, M. R., Jones, N., Holliman, S. C., & Hackney, A. C. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 10
Self-citationSex-Specific Differences in Colon Cancer Associated With p53 Mutations
Slattery, M. L., Ballard-Barbash, R. R., Potter, J. D., Ma, K.-N., Caan, B. J., Anderson, K. E., & Samowitz, W. S. (2004) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1207/s15327914nc4901_6 · Cited by 10
“Studies have shown that administration of 17-β-estradiol to men or amenorrheic women results in better maintenance of plasma glucose during endurance exercise (38), that glycogen storage isalteredbymenstrual cyclephase (39), and thatglycogenmetabolism is influenced by 17-β-estradiol (40).”
BackgroundMock, M. G., Hirsch, K. R., Blue, M. N. M., Trexler, E. T., Roelofs, E. J., & Smith-Ryan, A. E. (2021) · Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002560 · Cited by 8
“Previous studies suggest muscle glycogen storage capacity may vary across phases (12,20); however, CHO supplementation before (23) or during exercise (4) appears to eliminate the effects of menstrual cycle phase.”
BackgroundEffect of Menstrual Phase on the Acetate Correction Factor Used in Metabolic Tracer Studies
Oosthuyse, T., Bosch, A. N., & Jackson, S. (2003) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h03-061 · Cited by 8
“Nonetheless, RER has been reported to be lower during rest in the midluteal (ML) phase (Nicklas et al., 1989) and during exercise in the ML (Dombovy et al., 1987, Zderic et al., 2001) or late follicular (LF) phase (Hackney et al., 1991) when compared to the midfollicular (MF) phase.”
BackgroundAllman, B. R., Morrissey, M. C., Kim, J., Panton, L. B., Contreras, R. J., Hickner, R. C., & Ormsbee, M. J. (2019) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxz186 · Cited by 9
Sex Differences in Recovery From Sprint Interval Exercise
Forsyth, J. J., & Burt, D. (2019) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003460 · Cited by 8
“Being amenorrhoeic or using hormonebased contraception has, in the past, been found to interfere with fat metabolism, glucose use, and energy expenditure (3,8,13,38,45,54,65), although a more recent review of studies suggests no effect (46).”
BackgroundSubstrate utilization during arm and leg exercise relative to the ventilatory threshold in men.
Yasuda, N., Ruby, B. C., & Gaskill, S. E. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Growth, Maturation and Hormonal Changes During Puberty: Influence of Sport Training
Roemmich, J. N. (2005) · doi:10.1002/9780470757826.ch34 · Cited by 8
Taipale, R. S., & Häkkinen, K. (2025) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000917 · Cited by 11
Matsuda, T., Takahashi, H., Nakamura, M., Ogata, H., Kanno, M., Ishikawa, A., & Sakamaki‐Sunaga, M. (2022) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004306 · Cited by 7
“Muscle glycogen synthesis increased in the LP rather than the E-FP 3 days postexercise because the percentage of dietary carbohydrate ingested by subjects was lower than what is considered optimal for maximal glycogen resynthesis (23).”
BackgroundResultInfluence of Menstrual Cycle on Maximal Aerobic Power of Young Female Adults
Lamina, S., Hanif, S., & Muhammed, H. (2011) · African Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.4314/ajprs.v3i1.7 · Cited by 7
Nutritional Strategies and Sex Hormone Interactions in Women
Rehrer, N. J., McLay-Cooke, R. T., & Sims, S. T. (2017) · Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44558-8_6 · Cited by 6
Effects of Female Reproductive Hormones on Sports Performance
Lebrun, C. M., Joyce, S., & Constantini, N. (2020) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33376-8_16 · Cited by 7
What we do and do not know about the menstrual cycle or, questions scientists could be asking
Harlow, S. D., & Ephross, S. A. (1995) · doi:10.31899/rh5.1012 · Cited by 6
Perfil antropométrico e nutricional de mulheres praticantes de musculação
Donatto, D. K. F., da Silva, L., Alves, S. C. C., Porto, E. T. R., & Donatto, F. F. (2008) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 5
Chronic carbohydrate restriction improves endurance capacity and body composition in men and women
O'Connor, W., O'Connor, E., Barnes, M. J., Miller, M. W., Gardener, H., & Stannard, S. R. (2022) · Journal Of Science & Cycling · doi:10.28985/1322.jsc.04 · Cited by 5
Menopause and the Musculoskeletal System
Morse, L. R., Battaglino, R. A., & Widrick, J. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7113-5_12 · Cited by 5
Fulco, C. S., Rock, P. B., Muza, S. R., Lammi, E., & Cymerman, A. (1998) · Cited by 5
Muscle Physiology in Healthy Men and Women and Those with Metabolic Myopathies
Devries, M. C., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2008) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2007.11.010 · Cited by 6
Prado, R. C. R., Hackney, A. C., Silveira, R., Kilpatrick, M. W., Takito, M. Y., & Asano, R. Y. (2024) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Self-citationIshikawa, A., Matsuda, T., Gam, H., Kanno, M., Yamada, M., Ikegami, N., Funaki, A., Ogata, H., Kamemoto, K., Ichihara, T., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14193896 · Cited by 4
“6 when a decrease in respiratory quotient [21] and a decrease in muscle glycogen utilization during moderate-intensity exercise [20,33] were observed during the LP compared to the FP in a previous study.”
MethodResultPokora, I., & Grucza, R. (2003) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 4
EFFECT OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASE ON THE GLUCOSE-INSULIN RELATIONSHIP AT REST AND DURING EXERCISE.
Hackney, A. C., Cyren, C. H., Brammeier, M. R., et al. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Self-citationThakurdesai, P. A., DESHPANDE, P. O., KARVE, M., & RAJE, D. V. (2024) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i12.52554 · Cited by 3
MINAHAN, C. L., & Sabapathy, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21881-1_9 · Cited by 3
Ftaiti, F., Kacem, A., Latiri, I., Mdalla, S. B., Tabka, Z., Zouari, N., Ellouze, F., & Grélot, L. (2005) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h05-130 · Cited by 3
“L’influence des différentes phases du cycle menstruel sur les réponses physiologiques à l’exercice et sur la performance est vigoureusement discutée (Dibrezzo et al., 1991; Lebrun et al., 1995; Nicklas et al., 1989).”
BackgroundSex Hormones and Substrate Metabolism During Endurance Exercise
Isacco, L., & Boisseau, N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21881-1_2 · Cited by 3
McManus, L., Faria, V. S., Scriney, M., & Egan, B. (2025) · Science and Medicine in Football · doi:10.1080/24733938.2025.2501809 · Cited by 2
“Some studies have reported a reduced capacity to store glycogen in the mid-follicular phase compared to the mid-luteal phase (McLay et al. 2007; Nicklas et al., 1989), but this effect can be overcome when greater amounts of CHO are consumed (Campbell et al. 2001; McLay et al. 2007).”
Smith‐Ryan, A. E., Moore, S. R., Arent, M. A., Cantù, E., Cornejo, L., Hackney, A. C., Ihalainen, J. K., Taipale, R. S., & Bruinvels, G. (2026) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-026-02413-8 · Cited by 2
“Increasing carbohydrate intake during the LP is an effective nutritional strategy to mitigate these limitations and support glycogen restoration [77].”
Self-citationThe Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Running Repeated Sprint Ability
Nicola, S. D., Ferrier, B. K., Florida-James, G. D., & Kavaliauskas, M. (2022) · International Journal of Strength and Conditioning · doi:10.47206/ijsc.v2i1.137 · Cited by 2
“For example, oestrogen affects metabolism by reducing gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (Bunt, 1990; D’Eon et al., 2002) and increasing fat oxidation, potentially affecting performance that relies on specific metabolic pathways to resynthesise energy (Nicklas et al., 1989).”
BackgroundMuscle Physiology in Healthy Men and Women and Those with Metabolic Myopathies
Devries, M. C., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2008) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2008.10.011 · Cited by 2
Menstrual Cycle and Physical Effort
Więcek, M. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.79675 · Cited by 2
“[17] found that the time of continuing work “until exhaustion “ was for the intensity of 70% VO2max, and McCracken et al.”
BackgroundBody Composition and Gender Differences in Performance
Reaburn, P. R. J., Dascombe, B. J., & de Jonge, X. J. (2010) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b10203-7 · Cited by 2
McManus, L., Brady, A. J., & Egan, B. (2026) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0164 · Cited by 1
Carbohydrates Requirements for the Female Athlete
Burke, L. M., & Dziedzic, C. E. (2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13743-3 · Cited by 1
Substrate Utilization in Female Athletes
Maher, A. C., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13743-2 · Cited by 1
Podolsky, A., & Ledl-Kurkowski, E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-211-99716-1_27 · Cited by 1
Matsuda, T., Ishikawa, A., Kanno, M., Ogata, H., Gam, H., Funaki, A., Ikegami, N., Yamada, M., & Sakamaki‐Sunaga, M. (2022) · Journal of Sports Science and Medicine · doi:10.52082/jssm.2022.191 · Cited by 3
“…samples have not been shown before and after post-exercise recovery, a previous study demonstrated that muscle glycogen concentrations significantly increased in the luteal phase (LP) with high estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle compared to EF (Nicklas et al., 1989; McLay et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialExercise physiology in women and men
Lundsgaard, A., Fritzen, A. M., & Kiens, B. (2023) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88534-8.00040-7 · Cited by 1
Nutritional Strategies and Sex Hormone Interactions in Women
Rehrer, N. J., McLay-Cooke, R. T., & Sims, S. T. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21881-1_12 · Cited by 1
The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Exercise and Sports Performance
Hicks, K. M., McNulty, K. L., & Ansdell, P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21881-1_11 · Cited by 1
Body Composition and Gender Differences in Performance
Reaburn, P. R. J. (2010) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b10203-9 · Cited by 1
Carbohydrate Needs of Athletes in Training
Burke, L. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118692318.ch7 · Cited by 1
Moreno, L. B. (2018) · doi:10.20868/upm.thesis.53244 · Cited by 1
Barr, S. I. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118692318.ch28
Nutritional and Pharmacological Ergogenic Aids
Clarkson, P. M., & Manore, M. M. (2000) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470757093.ch22
Zderic, T. W. (1997) · The Mathematics Enthusiast
Clark, S. A. (1996) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)
Carbohydrate loading in female endurance athletes: Effect of menstrual cycle phase
McLay-Cooke, R. T., Thomson, C. D., & Rehrer, N. J. (1999) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(99)80051-6
expansion during exercise in women Short-term training attenuates muscle TCA cycle
Gibala, M. J., Dawson, K. D., Howarth, K. R., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Wong, N. D., Shulman, G. I., Befroy, D. E., Petersen, K. F., Dufour, S., Mason, G. F., et al. (2015)
Mohsenzadeh, M., & Bagherli, J. (2012)
Ling, C. M. (2002) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
An Acute Metabolic Evaluation of Exercise and Nutrition in Women
Wingfield, H. L. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/1hhq-4680
The effect of menstrual cycle phase on exercise capacity measured by treadmill exercise test
Yazar, Ş., & Yazıcı, M. (2015) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · doi:10.15314/tjse.71844
“Other studies have found improved exercise performance and time to exhaustion during the luteal phase in both untrained (26,29,35) and trained (14,34) subjects.”
BackgroundResultNutritional Implications of Sex and Age Differences in Energy Metabolism
Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Maher, A. C. (2007) · Nutrition in exercise and sport · doi:10.1201/9780849379512.ch8
EFFECT OF CYCLE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE ATHLETES
Khan, S., & Mughal, A. W. (2006) · The Shield - Research Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science.
Dean, E. M., & Ishikawa, S. N. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7427-3_11
Women in Sports and Exercise: From Health to Sports Performance
(2022) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-3132-8 · Cited by 2
Ledl-Kurkowski, E. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-3781-9_19
MENSTRUAL CYCLE AS AN OBSTACLE TO ACHIEVING MAXIMAL SPORT RESULT
Mladenović, M. P., Karan, V., Klasnja, A. V., Popadić-Gaćeša, J., Barak, O. F., Markovic, O. R., & Markovic, O. R. (2013) · Exercise and Quality of Life · doi:10.31382/eqol201302038m
Lavanya, R., Sureshbalaji, R. A., & Kumar, S. P. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.78216
“The remarkable observation of 97 participants exhibiting enhanced performance during the luteal phase suggests a profound hormonal influence on neuromuscular recruitment and metabolic adaptability [7,8,11].”
Bagot, S., Miles-Chan, J. L., Hackney, A. C., Duclos, M., & Isacco, L. (2025) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0095
Self-citationSINTOMAS E SINAIS DA TPM SOBRE O RENDIMENTO DE FORÇA: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Vargas, P., & Pinheiro, V. (2025) · Revista Multidisciplinar do Nordeste Mineiro · doi:10.61164/9g8wya28
Wohlgemuth, K. J., Arieta, L. R., Brewer, G. J., Hoselton, A. L., Gould, L. M., & Smith‐Ryan, A. E. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14431715
Adaptations énergétiques aux variations de poids et au statut hormonal ovarien chez les athlètes
Bagot, S. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/13a08bf4ze417z4cb4z80cfz47892200b6c8
Tucker, J. A. L., Bornath, D. P. D., McCarthy, S. F., & Hazell, T. J. (2026) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000004023
THE INFLUENCE OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASES ON ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE IN WOMEN
Stępień, A., Skrzypek, J., Niewiadomska, J., Paluch, A., Bondos, B., Fussek, Ł., Lee, K., Czerny, I., Daniszewski, S., & Krajewski, M. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.2(50).2026.5641
Jones, R. O., Areta, J. L., Fortis, H. O., Pugh, J. N., & Louis, J. B. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70379
“%) either did not specifically state how dietary intake was controlled [16, 33, 35, 63, 71] (Experiment 1 and 2) or provided participants with meal plans [28, 37, 42, 77].”
InfluentialThe Influence of Gender Differences in Metabolism upon Nutritional Recommendations for Athletes
Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2004) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-012440905-7/50338-8
Metadata
- Authors
- Nicklas, B., Hackney, A., & Sharp, R.
- Affiliations
- Iowa State University (US)
- ORCID
- Sharp, R.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 1989-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 04
- Pages
- 264-269
- ISSN
- 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3964
- OpenAlex
- W1975400802
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, exercise performance, muscle glycogen, glycogen repletion, glycogen utilization, luteal phase, follicular phase, exhaustive exercise, substrate metabolism, female athletes, estradiol, progesterone, vastus lateralis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Estradiol, Exercise Test, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Glycogen, Heart Rate, Humans, Lactates, Menstrual Cycle, Muscles, Oxygen Consumption, Progesterone, Exercise, Lactic Acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
