β-Alanine and the hormonal response to exercise
Abstract
The effect of 30 days of beta-alanine supplementation (4.8 g per day) on resistance exercise performance and endocrine changes was examined in eight experienced resistance-trained men. An acute resistance exercise protocol consisting of 6 sets of 12 repetitions of the squat exercise at 70 % of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) with 1.5 minutes of rest between sets was performed before and after each supplemental period. Blood draws occurred at baseline (BL), immediate (IP), 15-minutes (15P) and 30-minutes (30P) postexercise for growth hormone, testosterone and cortisol concentrations. A 22 % (p < 0.05) difference in total number of repetitions performed at the end of 4 weeks of supplementation was seen between beta-alanine (BA) and placebo (PL), and Delta mean power was greater in BA (98.4 +/- 43.8 w) vs. PL (7.2 +/- 29.6 w). Growth hormone concentrations were elevated from BL at IP and 15P for both groups, while cortisol concentrations were greater than BL at all time points for both BA and PL. No group differences were noted. No change from BL was seen in testosterone concentrations for either group. Results indicate that four weeks of beta-alanine supplementation can significantly improve muscular endurance during resistance training in experienced resistance-trained athletes. However, these performance gains did not affect the acute endocrine response to the exercise stimulus.
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Many studies have observed mixed results on whether β-alanine supplementation can improve exercise performance, with the greatest effects in exercise lasting 1 to 4 min.
“Many studies have since investigated whether β-alanine supplementation can improve exercise performance and have observed mixed results [[212], [213], [214], [215]], with the greatest effects in exercise lasting 1 to 4 min [216].”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [212]
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ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations
Kreider, R. B., Wilborn, C. D., Taylor, L., Campbell, B., Almada, A. L., Collins, R., Cooke, M., Earnest, C. P., Greenwood, M., Kalman, D. S., et al. (2010) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-7-7 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
International society of sports nutrition position stand: Beta-Alanine
Trexler, E. T., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Stout, J. R., Hoffman, J. R., Wilborn, C. D., Sale, C., Kreider, R. B., Jäger, R., Earnest, C. P., Bannock, L., et al. (2015) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-015-0090-y · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise-induced oxidative stress: the effects of β-alanine supplementation in women
Smith, A. E., Stout, J. R., Kendall, K. L., Fukuda, D. H., & Cramer, J. T. (2012) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1158-x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete
West, S., Monteyne, A. J., van der Heijden, I., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.012 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Bird, S. P., Mabon, T., Pryde, M., Feebrey, S., & Cannon, J. (2013) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Samadi, M., Askarian, A., Shirvani, H., Shamsoddini, A., Shakibaee, A., Forbes, S. C., & Kaviani, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19137992 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hoffman, J., Ratamess, N., Ross, R., Kang, J., Magrelli, J., Neese, K., Faigenbaum, A., & Wise, J.
- Affiliations
- The College of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2008-06-11
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 952-958
- ISSN
- 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3964
- OpenAlex
- W2007637340
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biochemical effects in animals
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- beta-alanine supplementation, resistance exercise performance, muscular endurance, growth hormone, cortisol, testosterone, endocrine response to exercise, squatting, resistance-trained athletes, acute exercise
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Exercise Test, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Muscle Contraction, Sex Factors, Growth Hormone, Testosterone, beta-Alanine, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Supplements, Muscle Strength
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