The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Production of Lymphotoxin, a Bone-Resorbing Cytokine, by Cultured Human Myeloma Cells
Abstract
Myeloma cells destroy bone by producing an osteoclast-stimulating factor that has chemical and biological characteristics similar to the bone-resorbing activity present in the supernatants of activated leukocyte cultures. Recently, a number of bone-resorbing leukocyte cytokines have been identified, including interleukin-1, lymphotoxin, and tumor necrosis factor. We have examined the products of human myeloma cells for the presence of these bone-resorbing cytokines. In a tumor cell line derived from a patient who had myeloma with osteolytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia, we found that the myeloma cells induced bone-resorbing activity and cytotoxic activity in vitro. Most of the bone-resorbing activity and all cytotoxic activity were suppressed by neutralizing antibodies to lymphotoxin. The myeloma cells expressed both lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor mRNA, but no tumor necrosis factor could be detected in the cell-culture medium. Interleukin-1 mRNA was not detected in the myeloma cells, and biologic activity of interleukin-1 was not measurable in the medium harvested from the cultured cells. The bone-resorbing activity induced by recombinant tumor necrosis factor and recombinant interleukin-1 was not affected by treatment with the lymphotoxin antibodies. When lymphotoxin was infused subcutaneously into normal mice (10 micrograms per day for three days), their plasma calcium levels increased. We also evaluated four established cell lines derived from three other patients with myeloma, and found a similar pattern of lymphotoxin expression in each. It appears that production of the bone-resorbing cytokine lymphotoxin is related to osteoclastic bone destruction and hypercalcemia in patients with myeloma.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E., & Maniatis, T. (1989) · UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud · Cited by 133,589
Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose.
Thomas, P. S. (1980) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201 · Cited by 8,156
Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin
Pennica, D., Nedwin, G. E., Hayflick, J. S., Seeburg, P. H., Derynck, R., Palladino, M. A., Kohr, W. J., Aggarwal, B. B., & Goeddel, D. V. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/312724a0 · Cited by 1,736
Self-citationBertolini, D. R., Nedwin, G. E., Bringman, T. S., Smith, D. D., & Mundy, G. R. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/319516a0 · Cited by 1,434
Self-citationIdentity of tumour necrosis factor and the macrophage-secreted factor cachectin
Beutler, B., Greenwald, D., Hulmes, J. D., Chang, M., Pan, Y.-C. E., Mathison, J., Ulevitch, R., & Cerami, A. (1985) · Nature · doi:10.1038/316552a0 · Cited by 1,131
An interleukin 1 like factor stimulates bone resorption in vitro
Gowen, M., Wood, D. D., Ihrie, E. J., McGuire, M. K. B., & Russell, R. G. G. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/306378a0 · Cited by 1,012
Cloning and expression of murine interleukin-1 cDNA in Escherichia coli
Lomedico, P. T., Gubler, U., Hellmann, C. P., Dukovich, M., Giri, J. G., Pan, Y.-C. E., Collier, K., Semionow, R., Chua, A. O., & Mizel, S. B. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/312458a0 · Cited by 816
Wood, W. I., Gitschier, J., Lasky, L. A., & Lawn, R. M. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.6.1585 · Cited by 790
Evidence for the Secretion of an Osteoclast Stimulating Factor in Myeloma
Mundy, G. R., Raisz, L. G., Cooper, R. A., Schechter, G. P., & Salmon, S. E. (1974) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197411142912001 · Cited by 671
Self-citationCloning and expression of cDNA for human lymphotoxin, a lymphokine with tumour necrosis activity
Gray, P. W., Aggarwal, B. B., Benton, C. V., Bringman, T. S., Henzel, W. J., Jarrett, J. A., Leung, D. W., Moffat, B., Ng, P., Svedersky, L. P., et al. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/312721a0 · Cited by 640
Self-citation
Cited by
Bharti, A. C., Donato, N., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.7.3863 · Cited by 508
Molecular mechanisms of novel therapeutic approaches for multiple myeloma
Hideshima, T., & Anderson, K. C. (2002) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc952 · Cited by 425
Choi, S. J., Cruz, J. C., Craig, F., Chung, H., Devlin, R. D., Roodman, G. D., & Alsina, M. (2000) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v96.2.671 · Cited by 408
A randomized trial of the effect of clodronate on skeletal morbidity in multiple myeloma
McCloskey, MacLennan, Drayson, Chapman, Dunn, Kanis, & Adults, F. T. M. W. P. O. L. I. (1998) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00567.x · Cited by 314
Biology of Osteoclast Activation in Cancer
Roodman, G. D. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2001.19.15.3562 · Cited by 306
Metadata
- Authors
- Garrett, I. R., Durie, B. G. M., Nedwin, G. E., Gillespie, A., Bringman, T., Sabatini, M., Bertolini, D. R., & Mundy, G. R.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1987-08-27
- Volume
- 317
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 526-532
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2341526758
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 12.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Production of Lymphotoxin, a Bone-Resorbing Cytokine, by Cultured Human Myeloma Cells. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejm198708273170902
- The paper
- Garrett, I. R., Durie, B. G. M., Nedwin, G. E., Gillespie, A., Bringman, T., Sabatini, M., Bertolini, D. R., & Mundy, G. R. (1987). Production of Lymphotoxin, a Bone-Resorbing Cytokine, by Cultured Human Myeloma Cells. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198708273170902
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
