Cited by 520Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

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The Effects on Plasma Lipoproteins of a Prudent Weight-Reducing Diet, with or without Exercise, in Overweight Men and Women

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Wood, Peter D., Stefanick, Margia L., Williams, Paul T., Haskell, William L.·1991·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejm199108153250703

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommends a low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol diet, with weight loss if indicated, to correct elevated plasma cholesterol levels. Weight loss accomplished by simple caloric restriction or increased exercise typically increases the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Little is known about the effects on plasma lipoproteins of a hypocaloric NCEP diet with or without exercise in overweight people. METHODS: We tested the hypothesis that exercise (walking or jogging) will increase HDL cholesterol levels in moderately overweight, sedentary people who adopt a hypocaloric NCEP diet. We randomly assigned 132 men and 132 women 25 to 49 years old to one of three groups: control, hypocaloric NCEP diet, or hypocaloric NCEP diet with exercise. One hundred nineteen of the men and 112 of the women returned for testing after one year. RESULTS: After one year, the subjects in both intervention groups had reached or closely approached NCEP Step 1 dietary goals and reduced their mean body fat significantly (range of reduction in mean fat weight, 4.0 to 7.8 kg). Weight loss on the NCEP diet alone did not significantly change HDL cholesterol levels in either the men or the women as compared with the subjects in the control group. Plasma levels of HDL cholesterol increased significantly more in the men who exercised and dieted (mean [+/- SE] change, +13 +/- 3 percent) than in the men who only dieted (+2 +/- 3 percent, P less than 0.01) or the men who acted as controls (-4 +/- 2 percent, P less than 0.001). HDL cholesterol levels remained about the same in the women who exercised and dieted (+1 +/- 2 percent); they were higher than in the women who only dieted (-10 +/- 3 percent, P less than 0.01), but not higher than in the controls (-3 +/- 3 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Regular exercise in overweight men and women enhances the improvement in plasma lipoprotein levels that results from the adoption of a low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol diet.

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Authors: Wood, P. D., Stefanick, M. L., Williams, P. T., & Haskell, W. L.
Affiliations: Stanford Medicine (US)
ORCID: Williams, Paul T.
Haskell, William L.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 1991-08-15
Volume: 325
Issue: 7
Pages: 461-466
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejm199108153250703
OpenAlex: W2013899239
Cited by: 520
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 25.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k04hl002183-05, 5r01hl024462-10)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-24462, HL-02183)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords: serum lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol, weight loss, hypocaloric diet, low saturated fat diet, cholesterol-lowering diet, physical activity, overweight adults, sex differences, fat loss, caloric restriction
MeSH terms: Adult, Energy Intake, Cholesterol, Dietary, Coronary Disease, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Fats, Female, Humans, Lipoproteins, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Triglycerides, Exercise

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The Effects on Plasma Lipoproteins of a Prudent Weight-Reducing Diet, with or without Exercise, in Overweight Men and Women

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