Cited by 352Fatty Acid Research and HealthCholesterol and Lipid MetabolismLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

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Effects of Different Forms of Dietary Hydrogenated Fats on Serum Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

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Lichtenstein, Alice H., Ausman, Lynne M., Jalbert, Susan M., Schaefer, Ernst J.·1999·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejm199906243402501

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Metabolic studies suggest that fatty acids containing at least one double bond in the trans configuration, which are found in hydrogenated fat, have a detrimental effect on serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels as compared with unsaturated fatty acids containing double bonds only in the cis configuration. We compared the effects of diets with a broad range of trans fatty acids on serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels. METHODS: Eighteen women and 18 men consumed each of six diets in random order for 35-day periods. The foods were identical in each diet, and each diet provided 30 percent of calories as fat, with two thirds of the fat contributed as soybean oil (<0.5 g of trans fatty acid per 100 g of fat), semiliquid margarine (<0.5 g per 100 g), soft margarine (7.4 g per 100 g), shortening (9.9 g per 100 g), or stick margarine (20.1 g per 100 g). The effects of those diets on serum lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolipoprotein levels were compared with those of a diet enriched with butter, which has a high content of saturated fat. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was 177+/-32 mg per deciliter (4.58+/-0.85 mmol per liter) and the mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was 45+/-10 mg per deciliter (1.2+/-0.26 mmol per liter) after subjects consumed the butter-enriched diet. The LDL cholesterol level was reduced on average by 12 percent, 11 percent, 9 percent, 7 percent, and 5 percent, respectively, after subjects consumed the diets enriched with soybean oil, semiliquid margarine, soft margarine, shortening, and stick margarine; the HDL cholesterol level was reduced by 3 percent, 4 percent, 4 percent, 4 percent, and 6 percent, respectively. Ratios of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol were lowest after the consumption of the soybean-oil diet and semiliquid-margarine diet and highest after the stick-margarine diet. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the consumption of products that are low in trans fatty acids and saturated fat has beneficial effects on serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

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Authors: Lichtenstein, A. H., Ausman, L. M., Jalbert, S. M., & Schaefer, E. J.
Affiliations: Tufts University (US)
ORCID: Lichtenstein, Alice H.
Schaefer, Ernst J.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 1999-06-24
Volume: 340
Issue: 25
Pages: 1933-1940
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejm199906243402501
OpenAlex: W2312946786
Cited by: 352
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 22.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL054727, HL 54727)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords: trans fatty acids, hydrogenated fats, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, dietary fat, margarine, shortening, soybean oil, saturated fat, triglycerides, apolipoproteins, dietary intervention, TC/HDL-C ratio, butter, women and men differences, dietary fat composition, dietary fat quality
MeSH terms: Aged, Cholesterol, Dietary Fats, Double-Blind Method, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, Humans, Hydrogenation, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Margarine, Middle Aged, Soybean Oil

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Effects of Different Forms of Dietary Hydrogenated Fats on Serum Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

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