The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 4 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
New SARS-CoV-2 Variants — Clinical, Public Health, and Vaccine Implications
Open accessAbstract
The Challenge of SARS-CoV-2 Variants The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (VOC-202012/01), 501Y.V2 (B.1.351), and P.1 (B.1.1.28.1) has aroused many concerns, including worsening Covid-1...
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Claims the paper makes
5 Own result · 4 Own interpretation · 3 Not checked yet · 1 Sources not found · 1 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“was lower by a factor of up to 86, including complete immune escape, for the AZD1222 vaccine (Table 1).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Neutralizing activity for the P.1 variant among vaccinated persons was lower by a factor of 6.7 for the BNT162b2 vaccine and by a factor of 4.5 for the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Table 1).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the B.1.1.7 variant showed modest decreases in neutralizing activity in serum samples obtained from vaccinated persons (Table 1).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The serum neutralizing activity for the 501Y.V2 variant among vaccinated persons was lower by a factor of 1.6 to 8.6 for the BBIBP-CorV vaccine, the BNT162b2 vaccine, and the mRNA-1273 vaccine”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the incidence of Covid-19, as confirmed on polymerase chain reaction, was 7.9% among seronegative enrollees and 4.4% among seropositive enrollees in the placebo group.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Evidence from the United Kingdom indicates that the B.1.1.7 variant may be associated with a higher risk of death than preexisting variants in the United Kingdom.4”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] Horby P, Huntley C, Davies N, et al. NERVTAG paper on COVID-19 variant of concern B.1.1.7. London: Department of Health and Social Care, Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies, January 2021 (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nervtag-paper-on-covid-19-variant-of-concern-b117).
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The 501Y.V2 variant has been estimated to be 50%2 more transmissible than preexisting variants in South Africa”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] Pearson CAB, Russell TW, Davies N, et al. Estimates of severity and transmissibility of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant 501Y.V2 in South Africa. London: CMMID Repository, 2021 (https://cmmid.github.io/topics/covid19/sa-novel-variant.html).
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This finding indicates that previous infection with preexisting variants may provide only partial protection from reinfection with the 501Y.V2 variant.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“the 501Y.V2 variant showed complete escape from neutralizing antibodies in 48% of convalescent serum samples (21 of 44) obtained from patients who had previously had Covid-19.5”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5] Wibmer CK, Ayres F, Hermanus T, et al. SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma. January 19, 2021 (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.427166v1). preprint. 33654292
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“efficacy in clinical trials was lower for all three vaccines tested in the midst of transmission of the 501Y.V2 variant in South Africa than efficacy in trials conducted in countries with preexisting variants.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: The AZD1222 vaccine's efficacy was 3.2 times higher in the United Kingdom and Brazil than in South Africa (70% vs. 22%).
- Rests on an assumption: The NVX-CoV237 vaccine's efficacy was 1.8 times higher in the United Kingdom than in South Africa (89% vs. 49%).
- Rests on an assumption: The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine's efficacy was 1.3 times higher in the United States than in South Africa (72% vs. 57%).
The paper relies on this without support.
In South Africa, the 501Y.V2 variant increased its share of sequenced viruses from 11% in the first week of October 2020 to 60% in the first week of November 2020 and 87% in the first week of December 2020.
“The 501Y.V2 variant spread rapidly in South Africa, accounting for 11% of the viruses sequenced (44 of 392) in the first week of October 2020, for 60% of those sequenced (302 of 505) in the first week of November 2020, and for 87% of those sequenced (363 of 415) in the first week of December 2020.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In Western Cape, hospital admission rates among diagnosed cases and the clinical characteristics of admitted patients were similar in the first and second waves.
“Hospital admission rates of diagnosed cases and the clinical profile of admitted patients were similar in the first and second waves in Western Cape.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Neutralization activity against the B.1.1.7 variant was modestly reduced by a factor of 1.5.
“the B.1.1.7 variant showed a modest decrease in neutralization activity, by a factor of 1.5”
The paper relies on this without support.
No evidence indicates that antiviral or anti-inflammatory treatments are less effective against the emerging variants than against earlier variants.
“Although there is no evidence that antiviral agents and antiinflammatory treatments are any less effective with the emerging variants than with the preexisting variants”
The paper relies on this without support.
The AZD1222 vaccine's efficacy was 3.2 times higher in the United Kingdom and Brazil than in South Africa (70% vs. 22%).
“Efficacy was higher by a factor of 3.2 with the AZD1222 vaccine in the United Kingdom and Brazil than in South Africa (70% vs. 22%)”
The paper relies on this without support.
The NVX-CoV237 vaccine's efficacy was 1.8 times higher in the United Kingdom than in South Africa (89% vs. 49%).
“higher by a factor of 1.8 with the NVX-CoV237 vaccine in the United Kingdom than in South Africa (89% vs. 49%)”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine's efficacy was 1.3 times higher in the United States than in South Africa (72% vs. 57%).
“higher by a factor of 1.3 with the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in the United States than in South Africa (72% vs. 57%)”
The paper relies on this without support.
All three variants carry the N501Y mutation, which replaces asparagine with tyrosine at position 501 in the spike protein's receptor-binding domain.
“All three variants have the N501Y mutation, which changes the amino acid asparagine (N) to tyrosine (Y) at position 501 in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 501Y.V2 and P.1 variants each have two further receptor-binding domain mutations, K417N/T and E484K.
“The 501Y.V2 and P.1 variants both have two additional receptor-binding–domain mutations, K417N/T and E484K.”
The paper relies on this without support.
These mutations raise the receptor-binding domain's affinity for the ACE2 receptor.
“These mutations increase the binding affinity of the receptor-binding domain to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Reduced protection against any symptomatic COVID-19 disease caused by the B.1.351 variant of concern (now known as the Beta variant) has been reported from clinical trials18, but emerging data suggest that there remains high protection against the important end points of severe disease and hospitalization99.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“In light of emerging viral variants with multiple mutations in the S protein — some of which are able to evade both natural and vaccine-induced immunity18 — it is paramount to target both humoral and T cell immunity, and potentially innate immune mechanisms.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
Citations
Cites
Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England
Davies, N. G., Abbott, S., Barnard, R. C., Jarvis, C. I., Kucharski, A. J., Munday, J. D., Pearson, C. A. B., Russell, T. W., Tully, D. C., Washburne, A. D., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abg3055 · Cited by 2,581
Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England
Davies, N. G., Abbott, S., Barnard, R. C., Jarvis, C. I., Kucharski, A. J., Munday, J. D., Pearson, C. A. B., Russell, T. W., Tully, D. C., Washburne, A. D., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.24.20248822 · Cited by 2,557
SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma
Wibmer, C. K., Ayres, F., Hermanus, T., Madzivhandila, M., Kgagudi, P., Oosthuysen, B., Lambson, B. E., de Oliveira, T., Vermeulen, M., van der Berg, K., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01285-x · Cited by 1,147
SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma
Wibmer, C. K., Ayres, F., Hermanus, T., Madzivhandila, M., Kgagudi, P., Oosthuysen, B., Lambson, B. E., de Oliveira, T., Vermeulen, M., van der Berg, K., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.18.427166
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Metadata
- Authors
- Abdool Karim, S. S., & de Oliveira, T.
- Affiliations
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Durban, South Africa
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-05-13
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1866-1868
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC8008749
- OpenAlex
- W3138447431
- Cited by
- 699
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 260 · 2021: 274
- FWCI
- 52.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha variant, Beta variant, P.1, Omicron variant, clinical implications, public health implications, COVID-19 pandemic
- MeSH terms
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, United Kingdom, Humans, Mutation, South Africa, Treatment Outcome, Antibodies, Neutralizing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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