The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 4 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
New SARS-CoV-2 Variants — Clinical, Public Health, and Vaccine Implications
Open accessAbstract
The Challenge of SARS-CoV-2 Variants The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (VOC-202012/01), 501Y.V2 (B.1.351), and P.1 (B.1.1.28.1) has aroused many concerns, including worsening Covid-1...
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5 Own result · 4 Own interpretation · 3 Not checked yet · 1 Sources not found · 1 No basis given
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“was lower by a factor of up to 86, including complete immune escape, for the AZD1222 vaccine (Table 1).”
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In the paper
“Neutralizing activity for the P.1 variant among vaccinated persons was lower by a factor of 6.7 for the BNT162b2 vaccine and by a factor of 4.5 for the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Table 1).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“the B.1.1.7 variant showed modest decreases in neutralizing activity in serum samples obtained from vaccinated persons (Table 1).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The serum neutralizing activity for the 501Y.V2 variant among vaccinated persons was lower by a factor of 1.6 to 8.6 for the BBIBP-CorV vaccine, the BNT162b2 vaccine, and the mRNA-1273 vaccine”
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In the paper
“the incidence of Covid-19, as confirmed on polymerase chain reaction, was 7.9% among seronegative enrollees and 4.4% among seropositive enrollees in the placebo group.”
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In the paper
“Evidence from the United Kingdom indicates that the B.1.1.7 variant may be associated with a higher risk of death than preexisting variants in the United Kingdom.4”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] Horby P, Huntley C, Davies N, et al. NERVTAG paper on COVID-19 variant of concern B.1.1.7. London: Department of Health and Social Care, Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies, January 2021 (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nervtag-paper-on-covid-19-variant-of-concern-b117).
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The 501Y.V2 variant has been estimated to be 50%2 more transmissible than preexisting variants in South Africa”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] Pearson CAB, Russell TW, Davies N, et al. Estimates of severity and transmissibility of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant 501Y.V2 in South Africa. London: CMMID Repository, 2021 (https://cmmid.github.io/topics/covid19/sa-novel-variant.html).
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This finding indicates that previous infection with preexisting variants may provide only partial protection from reinfection with the 501Y.V2 variant.”
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In the paper
“the 501Y.V2 variant showed complete escape from neutralizing antibodies in 48% of convalescent serum samples (21 of 44) obtained from patients who had previously had Covid-19.5”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5] Wibmer CK, Ayres F, Hermanus T, et al. SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma. January 19, 2021 (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.427166v1). preprint. 33654292
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“efficacy in clinical trials was lower for all three vaccines tested in the midst of transmission of the 501Y.V2 variant in South Africa than efficacy in trials conducted in countries with preexisting variants.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: The AZD1222 vaccine's efficacy was 3.2 times higher in the United Kingdom and Brazil than in South Africa (70% vs. 22%).
- Rests on an assumption: The NVX-CoV237 vaccine's efficacy was 1.8 times higher in the United Kingdom than in South Africa (89% vs. 49%).
- Rests on an assumption: The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine's efficacy was 1.3 times higher in the United States than in South Africa (72% vs. 57%).
The paper relies on this without support.
In South Africa, the 501Y.V2 variant increased its share of sequenced viruses from 11% in the first week of October 2020 to 60% in the first week of November 2020 and 87% in the first week of December 2020.
“The 501Y.V2 variant spread rapidly in South Africa, accounting for 11% of the viruses sequenced (44 of 392) in the first week of October 2020, for 60% of those sequenced (302 of 505) in the first week of November 2020, and for 87% of those sequenced (363 of 415) in the first week of December 2020.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In Western Cape, hospital admission rates among diagnosed cases and the clinical characteristics of admitted patients were similar in the first and second waves.
“Hospital admission rates of diagnosed cases and the clinical profile of admitted patients were similar in the first and second waves in Western Cape.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Neutralization activity against the B.1.1.7 variant was modestly reduced by a factor of 1.5.
“the B.1.1.7 variant showed a modest decrease in neutralization activity, by a factor of 1.5”
The paper relies on this without support.
No evidence indicates that antiviral or anti-inflammatory treatments are less effective against the emerging variants than against earlier variants.
“Although there is no evidence that antiviral agents and antiinflammatory treatments are any less effective with the emerging variants than with the preexisting variants”
The paper relies on this without support.
The AZD1222 vaccine's efficacy was 3.2 times higher in the United Kingdom and Brazil than in South Africa (70% vs. 22%).
“Efficacy was higher by a factor of 3.2 with the AZD1222 vaccine in the United Kingdom and Brazil than in South Africa (70% vs. 22%)”
The paper relies on this without support.
The NVX-CoV237 vaccine's efficacy was 1.8 times higher in the United Kingdom than in South Africa (89% vs. 49%).
“higher by a factor of 1.8 with the NVX-CoV237 vaccine in the United Kingdom than in South Africa (89% vs. 49%)”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine's efficacy was 1.3 times higher in the United States than in South Africa (72% vs. 57%).
“higher by a factor of 1.3 with the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in the United States than in South Africa (72% vs. 57%)”
The paper relies on this without support.
All three variants carry the N501Y mutation, which replaces asparagine with tyrosine at position 501 in the spike protein's receptor-binding domain.
“All three variants have the N501Y mutation, which changes the amino acid asparagine (N) to tyrosine (Y) at position 501 in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 501Y.V2 and P.1 variants each have two further receptor-binding domain mutations, K417N/T and E484K.
“The 501Y.V2 and P.1 variants both have two additional receptor-binding–domain mutations, K417N/T and E484K.”
The paper relies on this without support.
These mutations raise the receptor-binding domain's affinity for the ACE2 receptor.
“These mutations increase the binding affinity of the receptor-binding domain to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
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In the citing paper
“Reduced protection against any symptomatic COVID-19 disease caused by the B.1.351 variant of concern (now known as the Beta variant) has been reported from clinical trials18, but emerging data suggest that there remains high protection against the important end points of severe disease and hospitalization99.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“In light of emerging viral variants with multiple mutations in the S protein — some of which are able to evade both natural and vaccine-induced immunity18 — it is paramount to target both humoral and T cell immunity, and potentially innate immune mechanisms.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
Citations
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SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma
Wibmer, C. K., Ayres, F., Hermanus, T., Madzivhandila, M., Kgagudi, P., Oosthuysen, B., Lambson, B. E., de Oliveira, T., Vermeulen, M., van der Berg, K., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01285-x · Cited by 1,147
SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma
Wibmer, C. K., Ayres, F., Hermanus, T., Madzivhandila, M., Kgagudi, P., Oosthuysen, B., Lambson, B. E., de Oliveira, T., Vermeulen, M., van der Berg, K., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.18.427166
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SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines, and Host Immunity
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“as documented, to unvaccinated or virus-naïve individuals, may be a less serious concern for those with infection- or vaccine-elicited immunity to the Wu_Hu-1 strain (33).”
BackgroundMonoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 therapy and SARS-CoV-2 detection
Hwang, Y., Lu, R., Su, S.-C., Chiang, P.-Y., Ko, S.-H., Ke, F.-Y., Liang, K.-H., Hsieh, T.-Y., & Wu, H. (2022) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-021-00784-w · Cited by 247
“2), have rapidly become dominant around the world and appear to display enhanced transmissibility and higher in-hospital mortality rates [27].”
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“However, as greater proportions of the world population acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2 through infection or vaccination, new VOCs emerged that had reduced susceptibility to antibody-mediated immune responses and continued to become more transmissible (4, 5).”
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“Reduced neutralization by convalescent and post-vaccination sera [207].”
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“These mutations are K417N/T and E484K (19).”
InfluentialProtective prototype-Beta and Delta-Omicron chimeric RBD-dimer vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
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“However, SARS-CoV-2 variants escaped from the inhibition by neutralizing antibodies [28].”
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“The increased transmissibility is caused by the N501Y mutation in the RBD of the spike protein [52], which causes an increased affinity for ACE2 [54].”
BackgroundInfluentialThe emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
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“To anticipate and mitigate this evolution, the scientific community has launched efforts to assess the risk of new viral variants [3] and create therapeutics that target constrained regions of the virus where resistance is less likely to evolve [4, 5, 6].”
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“At the moment, reinfections are considered rare events [81,82], but reports that SARS-CoV-2 escape mutants were shown to drive resurgence of cases upon natural infection [23,83] are indicative that viral dynamics in the population may change [26,84].”
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“The current COVID-19 vaccines available differ in various characteristics such as level of efficacy for prevention of symptomatic disease, administration doses, manufacturing platforms, and effectiveness against virus variants [7].”
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Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients
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“Recently, the progress in controlling the pandemic is being dampened by the emergence of variants that are more transmissible and escape control by both vaccine-induced and convalescent immune protection.(2,3) The challenge remains to identify immune correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.”
BackgroundRole of COVID-19 Vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 Variants
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“S vaccine provides consistent protection against COVID-19 across various countries during a period when the Beta variant was predominant (67).”
BackgroundThe COVID-19 Pandemic: a Threat to Antimicrobial Resistance Containment
Founou, R. C., Blocker, A., Noubom, M., Tsayem, C., Choukem, S. P., van Dongen, M. B. M., & Founou, L. L. (2021) · Future Science OA · doi:10.2144/fsoa-2021-0012 · Cited by 108
“429, recently detected in California and classified as VOC, have been reported to be 20% more transmissible than preexisting variants [21].”
BackgroundInfluentialPersistence of neutralizing antibodies a year after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in humans
Haveri, A., Ekström, N., Solastie, A., Virta, C., Österlund, P., Isosaari, E., Nohynek, H., PALMU, A. A. I., & Melin, M. M. (2021) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202149535 · Cited by 92
“However, some changes are causing concerns regarding disease severity, viral transmissibility and potential escape from natural and vaccine-induced immunity (14).”
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Neutralization and Stability of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VariantPreprint
Zeng, C., Evans, J. P., Qu, P., Faraone, J. N., Zheng, Y.-M., Carlin, C., Bednash, J. S., Zhou, T., Lozanski, G., Mallampalli, R. K., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472934 · Cited by 87
Yin, Q., Luo, W., Mallajosyula, V. V. A., Yang, B., Guo, J., Xie, J., Sun, M., Verma, R., Li, C., Constantz, C. M., et al. (2023) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01464-2 · Cited by 100
An update on COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 variants, antiviral drugs, and vaccines
Hillary, V. E., & Ceasar, S. A. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13952 · Cited by 121
COVID-19 and the Endocrine System: A Comprehensive Review on the Theme
Lisco, G., Tullio, A. D., Stragapede, A., Solimando, A. G., Albanese, F., Capobianco, M., Giagulli, V. A., Guastamacchia, E., Pergola, G. D., Vacca, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10132920 · Cited by 98
“Finally, vaccines may be a resource in this historical context [281], despite the ongoing occurrence of novel and more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants that may lead to possible concerns [282].”
BackgroundOral prodrug of remdesivir parent GS-441524 is efficacious against SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets
Cox, R. M., Wolf, J. D., Lieber, C. M., Sourimant, J., Lin, M. J., Babusis, D. M., Pont, V. D., Chan, J., Barrett, K., Lye, D. S., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26760-4 · Cited by 119
The Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2: What We Know So Far
Chavda, V. P., Bezbaruah, R., Deka, K., Nongrang, L., & Kalita, T. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10111926 · Cited by 108
Safety & effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines
Chirico, F., da Silva, J. A. T., Tsigaris, P., & Sharun, K. (2022) · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_474_21 · Cited by 87
Broadly-Neutralizing Antibodies Against Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Shrestha, L. B., Tedla, N. T., & Bull, R. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.752003 · Cited by 78
“1 (35, 41) show decreased susceptibility to some SARS-CoV-2 mAbs (11, 42–44), convalescent plasma (11, 45) and sera from SARS-CoV-2 vaccinees (11, 36, 44, 46, 47).”
BackgroundEvolution, Mode of Transmission, and Mutational Landscape of Newly Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Chakraborty, C., Sharma, A. R., Bhattacharya, M., Agoramoorthy, G., & Lee, S. (2021) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01140-21 · Cited by 84
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Wild Red Foxes, the Netherlands, 2021
Rijks, J. M., Hesselink, H., Lollinga, P., Wesselman, R., Prins, P. J., Weesendorp, E., Engelsma, M. Y., Heutink, R., Harders, F., Kik, M. J. L., et al. (2021) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2711.211281 · Cited by 104
Zhao, M., Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Zhong, G., Tai, L., Liu, S., Yin, G., Lü, J., He, Q., Li, M.-J., et al. (2022) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-022-00419-w · Cited by 99
Yadav, P. D., Sapkal, G. N., Ella, R., Sahay, R. R., Nyayanit, D. A., Patil, D. Y., Deshpande, G. R., Shete, A. M., Gupta, N., Mohan, V., et al. (2021) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taab104 · Cited by 108
“2) are serious public health threats because of their association with the higher transmissibility and the potential immune escape.(1) ,2 Various reports have been published on the neutralization efficacies with the sera of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines against these variants.”
BackgroundInfluentialA focused review on technologies, mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of available COVID-19 vaccines
Ghasemiyeh, P., Mohammadi‐Samani, S., Firouzabadi, N., Dehshahri, A., & Vazin, A. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108162 · Cited by 100
DNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: toward third-generation vaccination era
Chavda, V. P., Pandya, R., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2021) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2021.1987223 · Cited by 116
Noori, M., Nejadghaderi, S. A., Arshi, S., Carson‐Chahhoud, K., Ansarin, K., Kolahi, A., & Safiri, S. (2021) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2277 · Cited by 64
The lag in SARS-CoV-2 genome submissions to GISAID
Kalia, K., Saberwal, G., & Sharma, G. (2021) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-021-01040-0 · Cited by 80
COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Current Challenges and Health Concern
Zeyaullah, M., AlShahrani, A. M., Muzammil, K., Ahmad, I., Alam, S., Khan, W. H., & Ahmad, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.693916 · Cited by 74
“Based on evidence from an in vitro cell line and a mouse model, Remdesivir can inhibit the NSP12 polymerase even when ExoN proofreading activity is perfect (Agostini et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSalvagno, G. L., Henry, B. M., Piazza, G. D., Pighi, L., NITTO, S. D., Bragantini, D., Gianfilippi, G. L., & Lippi, G. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11050832 · Cited by 90
“These two convergent pathways synergistically contribute to mitigate the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2, as attested by recent evidence reviewed by Abdool Karim and de Oliveira [10], showing that mRNA-LNPs may display 94– 95% efficiency in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and 90–100% efficacy in averting severe COVID-19…”
BackgroundA defective viral genome strategy elicits broad protective immunity against respiratory viruses
Xiao, Y., Lidsky, P. V., Shirogane, Y., Aviner, R., Wu, C.-T., Li, W., Zheng, W., Talbot, D., Catching, A., Doitsh, G., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.023 · Cited by 75
Gupta, N., Kaur, H., Yadav, P., Mukhopadhyay, L., Sahay, R., Kumar, A., Nyayanit, D. A., Shete, A., Patil, S., Majumdar, T., et al. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13091782 · Cited by 67
“Data show that there is a 3-fold and 16-fold reduction in neutralization against the Delta and Beta variants as compared with the Alpha variant with BNT162b2 vaccinated sera, and a 5-fold and 9-fold reduction against the same with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [27].”
ResultMonitoring carbon dioxide to quantify the risk of indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19
Bazant, M. Z., Kodio, O., Cohen, A. E., Khan, K., Gu, Z., & Bush, J. W. M. (2021) · Flow · doi:10.1017/flo.2021.10 · Cited by 74
A Global Picture: Therapeutic Perspectives for COVID-19
Chavda, V. P., Kapadia, C., Soni, S., Prajapati, R., Chauhan, S. C., Yallapu, M. M., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2022) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/imt-2021-0168 · Cited by 88
“E484K (glutamic acid E substituted with lysine K) increases immune evasion and reinfection [26], and K417N (lysine K replaced with asparagine N) helps the virus avoid neutralizing antibodies, increasing the risk of reinfection [27].”
BackgroundA Proposal to End the COVID-19 Pandemic
Agarwal, R., & Gopinath, G. (2021) · Staff Discussion Notes · doi:10.5089/9781513577609.006.a001 · Cited by 65
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the LGBTQ+ Population: A Systematic Review
Garg, I., Hanif, H., Javed, N., Abbas, R., Mirza, S. A., Javaid, M. A., Pal, S., Shekhar, R., & Sheikh, A. B. (2021) · Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.3390/idr13040079 · Cited by 77
“The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and COVID’s global morbidity and mortality indexes may affect an individual’s perception of disease severity and susceptibility [72,76].”
BackgroundVo, V., Tillett, R. L., Papp, K., Shen, S., Gu, R., Gorzalski, A. J., Siao, D. D., Markland, R., Chang, C.-L., Baker, H., et al. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155410 · Cited by 60
“…(e.g., capacity limits and mask mandates) (Anderson et al., 2020; Hatef et al., 2021), known and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and interest (VOIs) have the potential to trigger newwaves of infection (Abdelnabi et al., 2021; Abdool Karim and de Oliveira, 2021; Harvey et al., 2021).”
Tang, B., Zhou, W., Wang, X., Wu, H., Xiao, Y., & Tang, S. (2022) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s11538-022-01061-z · Cited by 74
Khan, A., Gui, J., Ahmad, W., Haq, I., Shahid, M., Khan, A. A., Shah, A., Khan, A., Ali, L., Anwar, Z., et al. (2021) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d1ra04694b · Cited by 68
Ahn, J. Y., Lee, J., Suh, Y. S., Song, Y. G., Choi, Y.-J., Lee, K. H., Seo, S. H., Song, M., Oh, J., Kim, M., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Microbe · doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00358-x · Cited by 67
Zhao, H., Wang, T.-C., Li, X.-F., Zhang, N.-N., Li, L., Zhou, C., Deng, Y.-Q., Cao, T.-S., Yang, G., Li, R.-T., et al. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00861-4 · Cited by 60
“Currently, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were linked to higher transmissibility and the potential immune escape from medical countermeasures.(20) NAbs of sera from individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 were 4.”
BackgroundDetection of a SARS-CoV-2 P.1.1 variant lacking N501Y in a vaccinated health care worker in Italy
Angeletti, S., Giovanetti, M., Fogolari, M., Florio, L. D., Francesconi, M. A., Veralli, R., Antonelli, F., Donati, D., Miccoli, G. A., Fonseca, V., et al. (2021) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.06.026 · Cited by 1
Flacco, M. E., Soldato, G., Martellucci, C. A., Carota, R., Luzio, R. D., Caponetti, A., & Manzoli, L. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9060628 · Cited by 50
The rapid adaptation of SARS-CoV-2–rise of the variants: transmission and resistance
Soh, S. M., Kim, Y., Kim, C., Jang, U. S., & Lee, H.-R. (2021) · The Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12275-021-1348-5 · Cited by 39
The ins and outs of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs)
Salehi-Vaziri, ., Fazlalipour, M., Khorrami, S. M. S., Azadmanesh, K., Pouriayevali, M. H., Jalali, T., Shoja, Z., & Maleki, A. (2022) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s00705-022-05365-2 · Cited by 61
“Laboratories may choose one or more methods based on the facilities and technology available, their contacts with partner laboratories, and the number of trained specialists, as well as their epidemiological goals, such as disease control and monitoring [30, 133, 134].”
MethodThe Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Is Driven by Acceleration of the Substitution Rate
Tay, J. H., Porter, A. F., Wirth, W., & Duchêne, S. (2022) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msac013 · Cited by 106
Bošnjak, B., Odak, I., Barros‐Martins, J., Sandrock, I., Hammerschmidt, S. I., Permanyer, M., Patzer, G. E., Georgiev, H., Jauregui, R. G., Tscherne, A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.772240 · Cited by 50
Multiple Sclerosis and SARS-CoV-2: Has the Interplay Started?
Bellucci, G., Rinaldi, V., Buscarinu, M. C., Reniè, R., Bigi, R., Pellicciari, G., Morena, E., Romano, C., Marrone, A., Mechelli, R., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.755333 · Cited by 59
Efficacy Estimates for Various COVID-19 Vaccines: What we Know from the Literature and ReportsPreprint
Shapiro, J., Dean, N. E., Madewell, Z. J., Yang, Y., Halloran, M. E., & Longini, I. M. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.20.21257461 · Cited by 46
Upadhyay, V., Lucas, A., Panja, S., Miyauchi, R., & Mallela, K. M. G. (2021) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101208 · Cited by 44
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Testing in Recipients of COVID-19 Vaccination: Why, When, and How?
Lippi, G., Henry, B. M., & Plebani, M. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11060941 · Cited by 2
“, between 50 and 80%) in patients with infections caused by new SARS-CoV-2 variants and a similarly limited protection against any type of SARS-CoV-2 infection [8].”
BackgroundIsraeli, M., Finkel, Y., Yahalom-Ronen, Y., Paran, N., Chitlaru, T., Israeli, O., Cohen-Gihon, I., Aftalion, M., Falach, R., Rotem, S., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29896-z · Cited by 46
Domnich, A., Grassi, R., Fallani, E., et al. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9091016 · Cited by 51
“Second, since December 2020, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been described [16]; these spread rapidly, owing to their greater transmissibility, becoming dominant in several countries [17,18].”
BackgroundTiwari, S., Juneja, S., Ghosal, A., Bandara, N., Khan, R., Wallen, S. L., Ramakrishna, S., & Kaushik, A. K. (2021) · Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100363 · Cited by 61
Mirtaleb, M. S., Falak, R., Heshmatnia, J., Bakhshandeh, B., Taheri, R. A., Soleimanjahi, H., & Emameh, R. Z. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109934 · Cited by 55
Structural conservation among variants of the SARS-CoV-2 spike postfusion bundle
Yang, K., Wang, C., White, K. I., Pfuetzner, R. A., Esquivies, L. R., & Brünger, A. T. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2119467119 · Cited by 55
Messali, S., Bertelli, A., Campisi, G., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.27247 · Cited by 49
“The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classified them as a variant of interest (VOI), variant of concern (VOC), and a variant of high consequence.(1) In particular, VOI presents specific genetic markers predicted to affect transmission, diagnostic, therapeutics, or immune escape and are responsible for…”
BackgroundGopinath, S., Ishak, A., Dhawan, N., Poudel, S., Shrestha, P. S., Singh, P., Xie, E., Tahir, P., Marzaban, S., Michel, J., et al. (2022) · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7050081 · Cited by 39
“Data also shows that there is a 3-fold and 16-fold reduction in neutralization against the Delta and Beta variants as compared with the Alpha variant with BNT162b2 vaccinated sera, and a 5-fold and 9-fold reduction against the same with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [68].”
ResultSchons, M., Pilgram, L., Reese, J., Stecher, M., Anton, G., Appel, K. S., Bahmer, T. J., Bartschke, A., Bellinghausen, C., Bernemann, I., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-022-00896-z · Cited by 58
“1 3 variants of concern [55], and the future effects anticipated from PCS [56].”
Understanding Mutations in Human SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis
Kumar, R., Srivastava, Y., Muthuramalingam, P., Singh, S. K., Verma, G., Tiwari, S., Tandel, N., Beura, S. K., Panigrahi, A. R., Maji, S., et al. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15040856 · Cited by 57
Genetic emergence of B.1.617.2 in COVID-19
Kirola, L. (2021) · New Microbes and New Infections · doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100929 · Cited by 51
“Subsequently, many other variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been identi fi ed worldwide, and a few of them are classi fi ed as variants of concern (VOC), variants of interest (VOI), and variants of high consequence by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention [2].”
Site specific N- and O-glycosylation mapping of the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Shajahan, A., Pepi, L. E., Kumar, B., Murray, N. B., & Azadi, P. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33088-0 · Cited by 76
Are, E. B., Song, Y., Stockdale, J. E., Tupper, P. F., & Colijn, C. (2022) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111368 · Cited by 63
“Currently identified VOCs are more transmissible than the wild-type SARS-CoV-2, and have ability to evade host immunity to COVID acquired from vaccines or infection [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13].”
BackgroundNeutralization potential of Covishield vaccinated individuals sera against B.1.617.1
Yadav, P., Sapkal, G., Abraham, P., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.12.443645 · Cited by 45
“Text SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged and spread to other countries during this pandemic [1].”
BackgroundAntiviral potential of nanoparticles for the treatment of Coronavirus infections
Sarkar, J., Das, S., Aich, S., Bhattacharyya, P., & Acharya, K. (2022) · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126977 · Cited by 55
SARS‐CoV‐2 virulence evolution: Avirulence theory, immunity and trade‐offs
Alizon, S., & Sofonea, M. T. (2021) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/jeb.13896 · Cited by 53
“Samuel Alizon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-9543 Mircea T. Sofonea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-0435 R E FE R E N C E S Abdool Karim, S. S., & de Oliveira, T. (2021).”
BackgroundInfluentialYadav, P. D., Sapkal, G. N., Ella, R., Sahay, R. R., Nyayanit, D. A., Patil, D. Y., Deshpande, G. R., Shete, A. M., Gupta, N., Mohan, V., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.05.447177 · Cited by 39
Chen, L., Lu, L., Choi, C. Y.-K., Cai, J., Tsoi, H., Chu, A. W., Ip, J. D., Chan, W.-M., Zhang, R., Zhang, X., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab656 · Cited by 48
Yan, S., Wang, L. L., Birnkrant, M. J., Zhai, Z. J., & Miller, S. L. (2022) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109184 · Cited by 51
Metadata
- Authors
- Abdool Karim, S. S., & de Oliveira, T.
- Affiliations
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Durban, South Africa
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-05-13
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1866-1868
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC8008749
- OpenAlex
- W3138447431
- Cited by
- 699
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 260 · 2021: 274
- FWCI
- 52.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha variant, Beta variant, P.1, Omicron variant, clinical implications, public health implications, COVID-19 pandemic
- MeSH terms
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, United Kingdom, Humans, Mutation, South Africa, Treatment Outcome, Antibodies, Neutralizing
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