The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Itraconazole to Prevent Fungal Infections in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare disorder in which the phagocytes fail to produce hydrogen peroxide. The patients are predisposed to bacterial and fungal infections. Prophylactic antibiotics and interferon gamma have reduced bacterial infections, but there is also the danger of life-threatening fungal infections. We assessed the efficacy of itraconazole as prophylaxis against serious fungal infections in chronic granulomatous disease. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients at least 5 years old (6 female and 33 male; mean age, 14.9 years) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. After the initially assigned treatment, each patient alternated between itraconazole and placebo annually. Patients 13 years of age or older and all patients weighing at least 50 kg received a single dose of 200 mg of itraconazole per day; those less than 13 years old or weighing less than 50 kg received a single dose of 100 mg per day. The primary end point was severe fungal infection, as determined by histologic results or culture. RESULTS: One patient (who had not been compliant with the treatment) had a serious fungal infection while receiving itraconazole, as compared with seven who had a serious fungal infection while receiving placebo (P=0.10). No patient receiving itraconazole but five patients receiving placebo had a superficial fungal infection. No serious toxic effects were noted, although one patient had a rash and another had elevated results on liver-function tests; both of these effects resolved with the discontinuation of itraconazole. CONCLUSIONS: Itraconazole prophylaxis appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment that reduces the frequency of fungal infections in chronic granulomatous disease, but monitoring for long-term toxic effects is warranted.
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Cites
Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Report on a National Registry of 368 Patients
Winkelstein, J. A., Marino, M. C., Johnston, R. B., Boyle, J., Curnutte, J., Gallin, J. I., Malech, H. L., Holland, S. M., Ochs, H., Quie, P., et al. (2000) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/00005792-200005000-00003 · Cited by 1,728
Self-citationForcing a sequential experiment to be balanced
EFRON, B. (1971) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/58.3.403 · Cited by 873
A Controlled Trial of Interferon Gamma to Prevent Infection in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
The International Chronic Granulomatous Disease Cooperative Study Group* (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199102213240801 · Cited by 830
The Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Itraconazole: An Overview
Heykants, J., Van Peer, A., Van de Velde, V., Van Rooy, P., Meuldermans, W., Lavrijsen, K., Woestenborghs, R., Van Cutsem, J., & Cauwenbergh, G. (1989) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1989.tb02296.x · Cited by 404
Immunodeficiency Diseases Caused by Defects in Phagocytes
Lekstrom-Himes, J. A., & Gallin, J. I. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200012073432307 · Cited by 390
Self-citationFungal infection in chronic granulomatous disease
Cohen, M. S., Isturiz, R. E., Malech, H. L., Root, R. K., Wilfert, C. M., Gutman, L., & Buckley, R. H. (1981) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(81)90259-x · Cited by 352
Self-citationPharmacokinetics of itraconazole following oral administration to normal volunteers
Hardin, T. C., Graybill, J. R., Fetchick, R., Woestenborghs, R., Rinaldi, M. G., & Kuhn, J. G. (1988) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.32.9.1310 · Cited by 299
Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid Therapy of Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema: A Double-Blind Study
Frank, M. M., Sergent, J. S., Kane, M. A., & Alling, D. W. (1972) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197204132861503 · Cited by 272
Self-citationTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis in the Management of Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Margolis, D. M., Melnick, D. A., Ailing, D. W., & Gallin, J. I. (1990) · Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/162.3.723 · Cited by 261
Self-citationRecent Advances in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
GALLIN, J. I., BUESCHER, E. S., SELIGMANN, B. E., NATH, J., GAITHER, T., & KATZ, P. (1983) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-657 · Cited by 232
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Cited by
Walsh, T. J., Anaissie, E. J., Denning, D. W., Herbrecht, R., Kontoyiannis, D. P., Marr, K. A., Morrison, V. A., Segal, B. H., Steinbach, W. J., Stevens, D. A., et al. (2008) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/525258 · Cited by 2,706
Ullmann, A. J., Aguado, J. M., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Denning, D. W., Groll, A. H., Lagrou, K., Lass-Flörl, C., Lewis, R. E., Munoz, P., Verweij, P. E., et al. (2018) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.01.002 · Cited by 1,556
Babior, B. M. (2004) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2003.12.001 · Cited by 705
Residual NADPH Oxidase and Survival in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Kuhns, D. B., Alvord, W. G., Heller, T., Feld, J. J., Pike, K. M., Marciano, B. E., Uzel, G., DeRavin, S. S., Priel, D. A. L., Soule, B. P., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1007097 · Cited by 568
Self-citationPractice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency
Bonilla, F. A., Bernstein, I. L., Khan, D. A., Ballas, Z. K., Chinen, J., Frank, M. M., Kobrynski, L. J., Levinson, A. I., Mazer, B., Nelson, R. P., et al. (2005) · Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61142-8 · Cited by 521
Metadata
- Authors
- Gallin, J. I., Alling, D. W., Malech, H. L., Wesley, R., Koziol, D., Marciano, B., Eisenstein, E. M., Turner, M. L., DeCarlo, E. S., Starling, J. M., & Holland, S. M.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2003-06-12
- Volume
- 348
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 2416-2422
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W1988130713
- Cited by
- 400
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 5.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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