NADPH oxidase
Abstract
NADPH oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of superoxide from oxygen and NADPH. It is a complex enzyme consisting of two membrane-bound components and three components in the cytosol, plus rac 1 or rac 2. Activation of the oxidase involves the phosphorylation of one of the cytosolic components. Recent crystallography data indicate that the tail of this cytosolic component lies in a groove between two Src homology 3 domains and, when phosphorylated, the tail leaves the groove and is replaced by the tail of one of the membrane-bound components. Chronic granulomatous disease is an inherited immune deficiency caused by the absence of one of the components of the oxidase. The most important recent advances in the field have been the crystallographic analysis of the oxidase and the use of antifungal agents in the prophylaxis of chronic granulomatous disease.
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NADPH oxidase in phagocytic cells produces large amounts of O2•− in defence against pathogens and other aggressors.
“NADPH oxidase in phagocytic cells produces large amounts of O2•− in defence against pathogens and other aggressors [29].”
From Superoxide Anion Chemistry—Its Role at the Core of the Innate Immunity (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
Hydrogen peroxide can be reduced by transition metal ions to generate hydroxyl radical, which can react with polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce peroxyl radicals.
“Hydrogen peroxide can then also be reduced by transition metal ions generating the hydroxyl radical (HO°), one of the strongest oxidizing agents that can rapidly react with polyunsaturated fatty acids, resulting the production of peroxyl radicals (ROO•).”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [18]
Essential oils may possess anti-inflammatory activities of interest in food, cosmetic, and human health.
“Essential oils are complex mixtures isolated from aromatic plants which may possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of interest in thye food and cosmetic industries as well as in the human health field.”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [18]
Phagocytosis of bacteria during inflammation is accompanied by increased oxygen consumption resulting in formation of superoxide anion radical.
“Phagocytosis of bacteria, which occurs during inflammation, is accompanied by a dramatic increase in oxygen consumption resulting in the formation of superoxide anion radical (O2•-) which is quickly converted to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), spontaneously, or by the enzyme superoxide dismutase.”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [18]
Hydrogen peroxide can oxidise halide ions to hypochlorous acid, which can react with amines to produce chloramines, some of which are very toxic.
“Peroxide hydrogen can also oxidise halide ions (Cl-) to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is a strong oxidant that can react with amines producing chloramines, some of them being very toxic [18,19,20,21,22].”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [18]
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“The complete assembly of NADPH oxidase components is crucial for O2− production (Babior 2004).”
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- Authors
- Babior, B. M.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Babior, Bernard M
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42-47
- ISSN
- 0952-7915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4242182607
- Cited by
- 705
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ai044434-05)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI44434, R01AI028479, AI-24227, AI28479)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- NADPH oxidase, superoxide production, Rac1, Rac2, Src homology 3 domain, chronic granulomatous disease, antifungal prophylaxis, crystal structure
- MeSH terms
- Granulomatous Disease, Chronic, Humans, Models, Molecular, Crystallography, X-Ray, src Homology Domains, NADPH Oxidases, Protein Subunits
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