The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
n–3 Fatty Acids in Patients with Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Trials have shown a beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with a previous myocardial infarction or heart failure. We evaluated the potential benefit of such therapy in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors or atherosclerotic vascular disease who had not had a myocardial infarction. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we enrolled a cohort of patients who were followed by a network of 860 general practitioners in Italy. Eligible patients were men and women with multiple cardiovascular risk factors or atherosclerotic vascular disease but not myocardial infarction. Patients were randomly assigned to n-3 fatty acids (1 g daily) or placebo (olive oil). The initially specified primary end point was the cumulative rate of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke. At 1 year, after the event rate was found to be lower than anticipated, the primary end point was revised as time to death from cardiovascular causes or admission to the hospital for cardiovascular causes. RESULTS: Of the 12,513 patients enrolled, 6244 were randomly assigned to n-3 fatty acids and 6269 to placebo. With a median of 5 years of follow-up, the primary end point occurred in 1478 of 12,505 patients included in the analysis (11.8%), of whom 733 of 6239 (11.7%) had received n-3 fatty acids and 745 of 6266 (11.9%) had received placebo (adjusted hazard ratio with n-3 fatty acids, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.08; P=0.58). The same null results were observed for all the secondary end points. CONCLUSIONS: In a large general-practice cohort of patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, daily treatment with n-3 fatty acids did not reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. (Funded by Società Prodotti Antibiotici and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00317707.).
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In the citing paper
“Other more recent omega‐3 therapy outcome studies conducted in the presence of statins have been less encouraging, but these studies were characterized by evaluating nonhypertriglyceridemic patient populations (eg, TG <200 mg/dL) and administering low doses of long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids (eg, eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and/or docosoahexaenoic acid [DHA]).19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24”
From Rationale and design of REDUCE‐IT : Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Even among omega‐3 fatty acid studies, there are marked differences with respect to the relatively low doses of omega‐3 administered and the ratio of EPA to DHA.16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24”
From Rationale and design of REDUCE‐IT : Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“proposing that regardless of the dose of O3FA supplementation implemented in the trials and potential-related benefits on CV outcomes, O3FA supplementation may increase the risk for AF.”
From Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and risk of atrial fibrillation: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Even lower doses of O3FA supplementation has shown a potential signal for increased risk for AF,2,4,5”
From Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and risk of atrial fibrillation: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“consistent with habitual excess energy intakes as small as ~50 kcal/day explaining the gradual weight gain occurring in most individuals.40”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
Citations
Cites
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GISSI-HF investigators (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61239-8 · Cited by 1,350
Marchioli, R., Barzi, F., Bomba, E., Chieffo, C., Di Gregorio, D., Di Mascio, R., Franzosi, M. G., Geraci, E., Levantesi, G., Maggioni, A. P., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000014682.14181.f2 · Cited by 1,311
Roncaglioni, M. C. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03539-x · Cited by 993
n–3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Dysglycemia
The ORIGIN Trial Investigators (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1203859 · Cited by 929
n–3 Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Disease
Caterina, R. D. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1008153 · Cited by 572
Rischio and Prevenzione Investigators (2010) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-11-68 · Cited by 24
Roccatagliata, D. V., Avanzini, F., Monesi, L., Caimi, V., Lauri, D., Longoni, P., Marchioli, R., Tombesi, M., Tognoni, G., Roncaglioni, M. C., et al. (2006) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.4.507 · Cited by 20
How general practitioners perceive and grade the cardiovascular risk of their patients
Roncaglioni, M. C., Avanzini, F., Roccatagliata, D. V., Monesi, L., Tamayo-Benitez, D., Tombesi, M., Caimi, V., Longoni, P., Lauri, D., Barlera, S., et al. (2004) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000129737.84851.99 · Cited by 16
Avanzini, F., Alli, C., Bettelli, G., Colombo, F., Conforti, L., Pirone, F., Spagnoli, A., Taioli, E., Tognoni, G., & Villella, M. (1987) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.294.6565.157 · Cited by 13
Monesi, L., Avanzini, F., Barlera, S., Caimi, V., Lauri, D., Longoni, P., Roccatagliata, D. V., Tombesi, M., Tognoni, G., & Roncaglioni, M. C. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-005-0948-z · Cited by 8
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mozaffarian, D. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.018585 · Cited by 2,216
“45 kg) per year,(28) consistent with habitual excess energy intakes as small as ≈50 kcal/d explaining the gradual weight gain seen in many people.(40) This finding accentuates just how well our body’s homeostatic mechanisms actually function to maintain longterm weight stability.”
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their health benefits
Shahidi, F., & Ambigaipalan, P. (2018) · Annual Review of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1146/annurev-food-111317-095850 · Cited by 1,390
Functional Roles of Fatty Acids and Their Effects on Human Health
Calder, P. C. (2015) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607115595980 · Cited by 1,276
Marine n−3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
Manson, J. E., Cook, N. R., Lee, I.-M., Christen, W., Bassuk, S. S., Mora, S., Gibson, H., Albert, C. M., Gordon, D., Copeland, T., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1811403 · Cited by 979
Garber, A. J., Abrahamson, M. J., Barzilay, J. I., Blonde, L., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Bush, M. A., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., DeFronzo, R. A., EINHORN, D. F., Fonseca, V. A., et al. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep151126.cs · Cited by 879
Metadata
- Authors
- The Risk and Prevention Study Collaborative Group
- Affiliations
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IT)
- Corresponding author
- The Risk and Prevention Study Collaborative Group
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2013-05-09
- Volume
- 368
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1800-1808
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2614282478
- Cited by
- 510
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 38
- FWCI
- 66.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi del Molise (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- omega-3 fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, cardiovascular risk factors, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, myocardial infarction, stroke, olive oil placebo
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Double-Blind Method, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Proportional Hazards Models, Treatment Failure, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, General Practice
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