The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In a single-center study published more than a decade ago involving patients presenting to the emergency department with severe sepsis and septic shock, mortality was markedly lower among those who were treated according to a 6-hour protocol of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), in which intravenous fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, and blood transfusions were adjusted to reach central hemodynamic targets, than among those receiving usual care. We conducted a trial to determine whether these findings were generalizable and whether all aspects of the protocol were necessary. METHODS: In 31 emergency departments in the United States, we randomly assigned patients with septic shock to one of three groups for 6 hours of resuscitation: protocol-based EGDT; protocol-based standard therapy that did not require the placement of a central venous catheter, administration of inotropes, or blood transfusions; or usual care. The primary end point was 60-day in-hospital mortality. We tested sequentially whether protocol-based care (EGDT and standard-therapy groups combined) was superior to usual care and whether protocol-based EGDT was superior to protocol-based standard therapy. Secondary outcomes included longer-term mortality and the need for organ support. RESULTS: We enrolled 1341 patients, of whom 439 were randomly assigned to protocol-based EGDT, 446 to protocol-based standard therapy, and 456 to usual care. Resuscitation strategies differed significantly with respect to the monitoring of central venous pressure and oxygen and the use of intravenous fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, and blood transfusions. By 60 days, there were 92 deaths in the protocol-based EGDT group (21.0%), 81 in the protocol-based standard-therapy group (18.2%), and 86 in the usual-care group (18.9%) (relative risk with protocol-based therapy vs. usual care, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.31; P=0.83; relative risk with protocol-based EGDT vs. protocol-based standard therapy, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.51; P=0.31). There were no significant differences in 90-day mortality, 1-year mortality, or the need for organ support. CONCLUSIONS: In a multicenter trial conducted in the tertiary care setting, protocol-based resuscitation of patients in whom septic shock was diagnosed in the emergency department did not improve outcomes. (Funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences; ProCESS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00510835.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Early detection and appropriate treatment of sepsis have been associated with a significant mortality benefit in hospitalized patients.1,2,3”
From External validation of a widely implemented proprietary sepsis prediction model in hospitalized patients (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the PROCESS (64), ARISE (65) and PROMISE (66) trials, the average volume of fluid received pre-randomization was also in the range of 30 mL/kg, suggesting that this fluid volume has been adopted in routine clinical practice (67).”
From Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The observed reductions in ICU length of stay (1.8 days), mechanical ventilation duration (2.3 days), and 28-day mortality (5.7%) are clinically meaningful and compare favorably with other sepsis intervention studies22,23.”
From Machine learning predicts sepsis deterioration trajectories. (2026) · cites this paper as [23]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Supplementary Table 8 benchmarks our model against prior studies, demonstrating a 2.1-fold longer lead time than Seymour et al16and a 38% greater mortality reduction than Yealy et al.23.”
From Machine learning predicts sepsis deterioration trajectories. (2026) · cites this paper as Yealy et al.23
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The four largest clinical trials in sepsis resuscitation used moderate to large amounts of fluids in the first 72 h.”
From Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“ProCESS[64], ARISE [65] and ProMISe [66] administered approximately 7–8 L in the usual care groups with a reported low mortality rate.”
From Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 · Cited by 49,742
Bone, R. C., BALK, R. A., Cerra, F. B., Dellinger, R. P., Fein, A. M., Knaus, W. A., Schein, R. M. H., & Sibbald, W. J. (1992) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1644 · Cited by 13,317
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200005043421801 · Cited by 12,941
Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock
Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., Peterson, E., & Tomlanovich, M. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010307 · Cited by 10,743
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Rhodes, A., Annane, D., Gerlach, H., Opal, S. M., Sevransky, J. E., Sprung, C. L., Douglas, I. S., Jaeschke, R., et al. (2013) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31827e83af · Cited by 9,694
Angus, D. C., Linde-Zwirble, W. T., Lidicker, J., Clermont, G., Carcillo, J., & Pinsky, M. R. (2001) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200107000-00002 · Cited by 8,503
Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Carlet, J. M., Bion, J., Parker, M. M., Jaeschke, R., Reinhart, K., Angus, D. C., Brun‐Buisson, C., Beale, R. J., et al. (2007) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-007-0934-2 · Cited by 6,789
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care
Hébert, P. C., Wells, G., Blajchman, M. A., Marshall, J., Martin, C., Pagliarello, G., Tweeddale, M., Schweitzer, I., & Yetisir, E. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199902113400601 · Cited by 5,187
Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Angus, D. C., & van der Poll, T. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1208623 · Cited by 4,119
Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock
Dellinger, R. P., Carlet, J. M., Masur, H., Gerlach, H., Calandra, T., Cohen, J., Gea‐Banacloche, J., Keh, D., Marshall, J. C., Parker, M. M., et al. (2004) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-004-2210-z · Cited by 3,309
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2007.tb02391.x · DOI
- Pike F, 2013, Crit Care Resusc, 15, 301
- Rivers EP, 2012, Minerva Anestesiol, 78, 712
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 1,003
Epidemiology of severe sepsis: 2008-2012
Stoller, J. L., Halpin, L. E., Weis, M. J., Aplin, B., Qu, W., Georgescu, C., & Nazzal, M. M. S. (2015) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.09.034 · Cited by 195
Sepsis and Immunosenescence in the Elderly Patient: A Review
Martín, S., Pérez, A. I. B., & Aldecoa, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00020 · Cited by 184
Sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury: A disease of the microcirculation
Ma, S., Evans, R. G., Iguchi, N., Tare, M., Parkington, H. C., Bellomo, R., May, C. N., & Lankadeva, Y. R. (2018) · Microcirculation · doi:10.1111/micc.12483 · Cited by 189
Evaluation and Predictors of Fluid Resuscitation in Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Kuttab, H. I., Lykins, J. D., Hughes, M. D., Wroblewski, K., Keast, E. P., Kukoyi, O., Kopec, J. A., Hall, S., & Ward, M. A. (2019) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003960 · Cited by 176
Understanding Lactatemia in Human Sepsis. Potential Impact for Early Management
Gattinoni, L., Vasques, F., Camporota, L., Meessen, J. M. T. A., Romitti, F., Pasticci, I., Duscio, E., Vassalli, F., Forni, L. G., Payen, D. M., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201812-2342oc · Cited by 191
Nguyen, H. B., Jaehne, A. K., Jayaprakash, N., Semler, M. W., Hegab, S., Yataco, A. C., Tatem, G. B., Salem, D., Moore, S. C., Boka, K., et al. (2016) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1288-3 · Cited by 186
Sepsis: Early Recognition and Optimized Treatment
Kim, H. I., & Park, S. (2018) · Tuberculosis & respiratory diseases · doi:10.4046/trd.2018.0041 · Cited by 201
Lara, B., Enberg, L., Ortega, M., Leon, P., Kripper, C., Aguilera, P., Kattan, E., Castro, R., Bakker, J., & Hernandez, G. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188548 · Cited by 167
The Effect of inotropes and vasopressors on mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Belletti, A., Castro, M. L., Silvetti, S., Greco, T., Biondi‐Zoccai, G., Pasin, L., Zangrillo, A., & Landoni, G. (2015) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aev284 · Cited by 173
Ospina-Tascón, G. A., Glenn Hernández, P., Alvarez, I., Calderón, L., Manzano-Núñez, R., Sánchez, Á., Quiñones, E., Ruíz, J., Aldana, J. L., Teboul, J., et al. (2020) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2756-3 · Cited by 175
Iatrogenic salt water drowning and the hazards of a high central venous pressure
Marik, P. E. (2014) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-014-0021-0 · Cited by 170
Septic Cardiomyopathy: From Pathophysiology to the Clinical Setting
Carbone, F., Liberale, L., Preda, A., Schindler, T. H., & Montecucco, F. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11182833 · Cited by 171
Surviving Sepsis Campaign Research Priorities 2023
Backer, D. D., Deutschman, C. S., Hellman, J., Myatra, S. N., Ostermann, M., Prescott, H. C., Talmor, D. S., Antonelli, M. M., Azevedo, L. C. P., Bauer, S. R., et al. (2024) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000006135 · Cited by 174
Sepsis Subclasses: A Framework for Development and Interpretation*
DeMerle, K. M., Angus, D. C., Baillie, J. K., Brant, E. B., Calfee, C. S., Carcillo, J. A., Chang, C. H., Dickson, R. P., Evans, I. V. R., Gordon, A. C., et al. (2021) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004842 · Cited by 163
Ospina-Tascón, G. A., Umaña, M., Bermúdez, W., Bautista, D. F., Glenn Hernández, P., Bruhn, A. R., Granados, M., Salazar, B., Arango-Dávila, C. A., & Backer, D. D. (2015) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-015-3720-6 · Cited by 164
Nosocomial Candidiasis: Antifungal Stewardship and the Importance of Rapid Diagnosis
Pfaller, M. A., & Castanheira, M. (2015) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1093/mmy/myv076 · Cited by 166
The Value of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) for Sepsis Diagnosis and Prognosis
Agnello, L., Giglio, R. V., Bivona, G., Scazzone, C., Gambino, C. M., Iacona, A., Ciaccio, A. M., Sasso, B. L., & Ciaccio, M. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11101881 · Cited by 190
Update of Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit
Genga, K. R., & Russell, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000477419 · Cited by 167
on behalf of JAAM FORECAST group, Abe, T., Ogura, H., Shiraishi, A., Kushimoto, S., Saitoh, D., Fujishima, S., Mayumi, T., Shiino, Y., Nakada, T., et al. (2018) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-018-2186-7 · Cited by 161
Atkinson, P., Milne, J., Diegelmann, L., Lamprecht, H., Stander, M., Lussier, D., Pham, C., Henneberry, R. J., Fraser, J. M., Howlett, M. K., et al. (2018) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.04.002 · Cited by 162
Winning the war against ICU-acquired weakness: new innovations in nutrition and exercise physiology
Wischmeyer, P. E., & San-Millan, I. (2015) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc14724 · Cited by 153
Jiang, J., Yang, J., Jing, M., Jin, Y., & Lu, Y. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13049-018-0527-9 · Cited by 152
Kahn, J. M., Davis, B. S., Yabes, J. G., Chang, C.-C. H., Chong, D. H., Hershey, T. B., Martsolf, G. R., & Angus, D. C. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9021 · Cited by 149
Santacruz, C. A., Pereira, A. J., Celis, É., & Vincent, J. (2019) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004000 · Cited by 155
When to stop septic shock resuscitation: clues from a dynamic perfusion monitoring
Glenn Hernández, P., Luengo, C., Bruhn, A. R., Kattan, E., Friedman, G., Ospina-Tascón, G. A., Fuentealba, A., Castro, R., Regueira, T., Romero, C. M., et al. (2014) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-014-0030-z · Cited by 157
Seymour, C. W., & Rosengart, M. R. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.7885 · Cited by 153
Filho, R. R., Rocha, L. L., Corrêa, T. D., Pessoa, C. M. S., Colombo, G., & de Assunção, M. S. C. (2016) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000667 · Cited by 154
The ProCESS Trial — A New Era of Sepsis Management
Lilly, C. M. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme1402564 · Cited by 149
Laterre, P.-F., Berry, S. M., Blemings, A., Carlsen, J. E., François, B., Graves, T., Jacobsen, K., Lewis, R. J., Opal, S. M., Perner, A., et al. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.14607 · Cited by 147
Xu, J., Chen, Q., Xie, J., Pan, C. S., Liu, S., Huang, L., Yang, C., Liu, L., Huang, Y., Guo, F., et al. (2014) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0702-y · Cited by 145
Revised National Estimates of Emergency Department Visits for Sepsis in the United States*
Wang, H. E., Jones, A. R., & Donnelly, J. P. (2017) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002538 · Cited by 148
Pathophysiology of Septic Shock
Russell, J. A., Rush, B. N. M., & Boyd, J. H. (2017) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2017.08.005 · Cited by 147
Self, W. H., Semler, M. W., Bellomo, R., Brown, S. M., deBoisblanc, B. P., Exline, M. C., Ginde, A. A., Grissom, C. K., Janz, D. R., Jones, A. E., et al. (2018) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.03.039 · Cited by 146
Intra-abdominal sepsis: new definitions and current clinical standards
Hecker, A., Reichert, M., Reuß, C. J., Schmoch, T., Riedel, J. G., Schneck, E., Padberg, W. M., Weigand, M. A., & Hecker, M. (2019) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00423-019-01752-7 · Cited by 159
Safety of the Peripheral Administration of Vasopressor Agents
Lewis, T. C., Merchan, C., Altshuler, D., & Papadopoulos, J. (2017) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/0885066616686035 · Cited by 149
Cecconi, M., Hernandez, G., Dunser, M., Antonelli, M., Baker, T., Bakker, J., Duranteau, J., Einav, S., Groeneveld, A. B. J., Harris, T., et al. (2019) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5415-2 · Cited by 128
Peake, S., Bailey, M., Bellomo, R., Cooper, D. J., Higgins, A. M., & Howe, B. D. (2014) · Cited by 141
Neyra, J. A., Li, X., Canepa-Escaro, F., ADAMS-HUET, B. A., Toto, R. D., Yee, J., & Hedayati, S. S. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001835 · Cited by 144
Kalil, A. C., Johnson, D. W., Lisco, S. J., & Sun, J. (2017) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002235 · Cited by 138
SMFM Consult Series #47: Sepsis during pregnancy and the puerperium
Plante, L. A., Pacheco, L. D., & Louis, J. M. (2019) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.01.216 · Cited by 146
Heterogeneous impact of hypotension on organ perfusion and outcomes: a narrative review
Meng, L. (2021) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2021.06.048 · Cited by 157
The impact of ED crowding on early interventions and mortality in patients with severe sepsis
Gaieski, D. F., Agarwal, A. K., Mikkelsen, M. E., Drumheller, B. C., Sante, S. C., Shofer, F. S., Goyal, M. K., & Pines, J. M. (2017) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.01.061 · Cited by 146
Brown, R. M., & Semler, M. W. (2018) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/0885066618784861 · Cited by 152
Shin, J., Hwang, S. Y., Jo, I. J., Kim, W. Y., Ryoo, S. M., Kang, G. H., Kim, K., Jo, Y. H., Chung, S. P., Joo, Y. S., et al. (2018) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001128 · Cited by 146
Pais, T., Jorge, S. C., & Lopes, J. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25115924 · Cited by 157
Post-acute care use and hospital readmission after sepsis.
Jones, T. K., Fuchs, B. D., Small, D. S., Halpern, S. D., Hanish, A., Umscheid, C. A., Baillie, C. A., Kerlin, M. P., Gaieski, D. F., & Mikkelsen, M. E. (2015) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201411-504oc · Cited by 140
Levy, M. M., Gesten, F. C., Phillips, G. S., Terry, K. M., Seymour, C. W., Prescott, H. C., Friedrich, M., Iwashyna, T. J., Osborn, T., & Lemeshow, S. (2018) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201712-2545oc · Cited by 137
Houwink, A. P. I., Rijkenberg, S., Bosman, R. J., & van der Voort, P. H. J. (2016) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1243-3 · Cited by 135
Diastolic shock index and clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock
Ospina-Tascón, G. A., Teboul, J., Glenn Hernández, P., Alvarez, I., Sánchez, Á., Calderón, L., Manzano-Núñez, R., Quiñones, E., Madriñán-Navia, H. J., Ruíz, J., et al. (2020) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-020-00658-8 · Cited by 143
Liu, V. X., Morehouse, J. W., Marelich, G. P., Soule, J., Russell, T., Skeath, M., Adams, C. L., Escobar, G. J., & Whippy, A. (2015) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201507-1489oc · Cited by 135
Endothelial and Microcirculatory Function and Dysfunction in Sepsis
Colbert, J. F., & Schmidt, E. P. (2016) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.01.009 · Cited by 136
Urosepsis—Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Dreger, N. M., Degener, S., Ahmad‐Nejad, P., Wöbker, G., & Roth, S. L. (2015) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0837 · Cited by 144
Mallat, J. (2016) · World Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5492/wjccm.v5.i1.47 · Cited by 144
Grissom, C. K., Hirshberg, E. L., Dickerson, J. B., Brown, S. M., Lanspa, M. J., Liu, K. D., Schoenfeld, D., Tidswell, M., Hite, R. D., Rock, P., et al. (2014) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000715 · Cited by 137
Volume Overload: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Functional Outcome in Survivors of Septic Shock
Mitchell, K. H., Carlbom, D., Caldwell, E., Leary, P. J., Himmelfarb, J., & Hough, C. L. (2015) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201504-187oc · Cited by 135
Shankar‐Hari, M., Ambler, M. T., Mahalingasivam, V., Jones, A., Rowan, K., & Rubenfeld, G. D. (2016) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1276-7 · Cited by 131
Ackland, G. L., Iqbal, S., Paredes, L. G., Toner, A., Lyness, C., Jenkins, N., Bodger, P., Karmali, S. N., Whittle, J., Reyes, A., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70205-x · Cited by 130
Sherwin, R. L., Winters, M. E., Vilke, G. M., & Wardi, G. (2017) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.12.009 · Cited by 136
Grumaz, S., Grumaz, C., Vainshtein, Y., Stevens, P., Glanz, K., Decker, S., Hofer, S., Weigand, M. A., Brenner, T., & Sohn, K. (2019) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003658 · Cited by 134
Blood Pressure Monitoring for the Anesthesiologist: A Practical Review
Bartels, K., Esper, S. A., & Thiele, R. H. (2016) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000001340 · Cited by 135
Phenotype clustering in health care: A narrative review for clinicians
Loftus, T. J., Shickel, B., Balch, J. A., Tighe, P. J., Abbott, K. L., Fazzone, B. J., Anderson, E., Rozowsky, J. M., Ozrazgat‐Baslanti, T., Ren, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2022.842306 · Cited by 134
The Changing Epidemiology and Definitions of Sepsis
Kempker, J. A., & Martin, G. S. (2016) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.01.002 · Cited by 138
Dynamic changes in human single-cell transcriptional signatures during fatal sepsis
Qiu, X., Li, J., Bonenfant, J., Jaroszewski, L., Mittal, A., Klein, W., Godzik, A., & Nair, M. G. (2021) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.5ma0721-825r · Cited by 135
Mai, S. H. C., Khan, M., Dwivedi, D. J., Ross, C. A., Zhou, J., Gould, T. J., Gross, P. L., Weitz, J. I., Fox‐Robichaud, A., & Liaw, P. C. (2015) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000396 · Cited by 133
Leisman, D. E., Doerfler, M. E., Ward, M. F., Masick, K. D., Wie, B., Gribben, J. L., Hamilton, E., Klein, Z., Bianculli, A. R., Akerman, M. B., et al. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002184 · Cited by 134
A quality improvement project to improve early sepsis care in the emergency department
Gatewood, M., Wemple, M. L., Greco, S. A., Kritek, P., & Durvasula, R. V. (2015) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2014-003552 · Cited by 141
Protocolized Treatment Is Associated With Decreased Organ Dysfunction in Pediatric Severe Sepsis*
Balamuth, F., Weiss, S. L., Fitzgerald, J. C., Hayes, K. L., Centkowski, S., Chilutti, M. R., Grundmeier, R. W., Lavelle, J. M., & Alpern, E. R. (2016) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000000858 · Cited by 124
Wang, H., Hong, L., Huang, J., Jiang, Q., Tao, R., Tan, C., Lu, N., Wang, C., Ahmed, M. M., Lu, Y., et al. (2015) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2015.61 · Cited by 123
Page, D. B., Donnelly, J. P., & Wang, H. E. (2015) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001164 · Cited by 157
Phenotypic clusters within sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Knox, D., Lanspa, M. J., Kuttler, K. G., Brewer, S., & Brown, S. M. (2015) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-015-3764-7 · Cited by 124
Challenges with Diagnosing and Managing Sepsis in Older Adults
Clifford, K. M., Dy‐Boarman, E. A., Haase, K. K., Maxvill, K., Pass, S. E., & Álvarez, C. (2015) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1586/14787210.2016.1135052 · Cited by 132
Laffey, J. G., Madotto, F., Bellani, G., Pham, T. O., Fan, E., Brochard, L. J., Amin, P. R., Arabi, Y. M., Bajwa, E. K., Bruhn, A. R., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30213-8 · Cited by 125
Neonatal Hemodynamics: From Developmental Physiology to Comprehensive Monitoring
Vrancken, S. L. A. G., van Heijst, A. F. J., & de Boode, W. P. (2018) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2018.00087 · Cited by 124
Sepsis: Current Definition, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Taeb, A. M., Hooper, M. H., & Marik, P. E. (2017) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533617695243 · Cited by 133
Rhee, C., Wang, R., Zhang, Z., Fram, D., Kadri, S. S., & Klompas, M. (2019) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003817 · Cited by 122
Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021
Evans, L., Rhodes, A., Alhazzani, W., Antonelli, M., Coopersmith, C. M., French, C., Machado, F. R., Mcintyre, L., Ostermann, M., Prescott, H. C., et al. (2021) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y · Cited by 5,082
Mouncey, P., Osborn, T. M., Power, G. S., Harrison, D. A., Sadique, Z., Grieve, R., Jahan, R., Tan, J. C., Harvey, S. E., Bell, D., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19970 · Cited by 125
S3-Leitlinie Sepsis – Prävention, Diagnose, Therapie und Nachsorge
Deutsche Sepsis Gesellschaft e., V., Brunkhorst, F. M., Weigand, M. A., Pletz, M. W., Gastmeier, P., Lemmen, S., Meier‐Hellmann, A., Ragaller, M., Weyland, A., Marx, G., et al. (2020) · Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00063-020-00685-0 · Cited by 128
ESPNIC, E. R. S. S. D. T. T. I. S. I. S. S. O., Morin, L., Ray, S., Wilson, C., Remy, S., Benissa, M.-R., Jansen, N. J. G., Javouhey, É., Peters, M. J., Kneyber, M. C. J., et al. (2016) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-016-4574-2 · Cited by 126
Hirsch, K. G., Abella, B. S., Amorim, E., Bader, M. K., Barletta, J. F., Berg, K. M., Callaway, C. W., Friberg, H., Gilmore, E. J., Greer, D. M., et al. (2023) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001163 · Cited by 127
qSOFA Has Poor Sensitivity for Prehospital Identification of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Dorsett, M., Kroll, M., Smith, C. S., Asaro, P. V., Liang, S. Y., & Moy, H. P. (2017) · Prehospital Emergency Care · doi:10.1080/10903127.2016.1274348 · Cited by 128
Intravenous fluids: effects on renal outcomes
McLean, D. J., & Shaw, A. (2017) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.090 · Cited by 119
Fluid balance concepts in medicine: Principles and practice
Roumelioti, M., Glew, R. H., Khitan, Z. J., Rondon‐Berrios, H., Argyropoulos, C., Malhotra, D. K., Raj, D. S., Agaba, E. I., Rohrscheib, M. R., Murata, G. H., et al. (2018) · World Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.5527/wjn.v7.i1.1 · Cited by 129
Tigabu, B. M., Davari, M., Kebriaeezadeh, A., & Mojtahedzadeh, M. (2018) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.08.018 · Cited by 125
Fluid management in acute kidney injury
Perner, A., Prowle, J. R., Joannidis, M., Young, P. J., Hjortrup, P. B., & Pettilä, V. (2017) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4817-x · Cited by 120
ESICM guidelines on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring 2025
Monnet, X., Messina, A., Greco, M., Bakker, J., Aïssaoui, N., Cecconi, M., Coppalini, G., Backer, D. D., Edul, V. S. K., Evans, L., et al. (2025) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-025-08137-z · Cited by 145
The Restrictive IV Fluid Trial in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock (RIFTS): A Randomized Pilot Study*
Corl, K. A., Prodromou, M., Merchant, R. C., Gareen, I., Marks, S., Banerjee, D., Amass, T., Abbasi, A., Delcompare, C., Palmisciano, A., et al. (2019) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003779 · Cited by 116
Shen, H., Wang, J., Liu, H., Li, Z., Jiang, F., Wang, F., & Yuan, Q. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b06671 · Cited by 116
Chebl, R. B., Khuri, C. E., Shami, A., Rajha, E., Faris, N., Bachir, R. H., & Dagher, G. A. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13049-017-0415-8 · Cited by 115
Triage sepsis alert and sepsis protocol lower times to fluids and antibiotics in the ED
Hayden, G. E., Tuuri, R. E., Scott, R., Losek, J. D., Blackshaw, A. M., Schoenling, A., Nietert, P. J., & Hall, G. A. (2015) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.08.039 · Cited by 123
Lee, S. J., Ramar, K., Park, J. G., Gajic, O., Li, G., & Kashyap, R. (2014) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.13-2702 · Cited by 118
Puskarich, M. A., Cornelius, D. C., Tharp, J. G., Nandi, U., & Jones, A. E. (2016) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.06.027 · Cited by 119
Yealy, D. M., Mohr, N. M., Shapiro, N. I., Venkatesh, A. K., Jones, A. E., & Self, W. H. (2021) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.02.006 · Cited by 123
ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 211: Critical Care in Pregnancy
(2019) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000003241 · Cited by 117
Personalized hemodynamic management
Saugel, B., Vincent, J., & Wagner, J. Y. (2017) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0000000000000422 · Cited by 118
Chertoff, J., Chisum, M., Garcia, B. A., & Lascano, J. E. (2015) · Journal of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s40560-015-0105-4 · Cited by 119
Wang, J., Wu, H. B., Yang, Y., Yan, R., Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, A., Shao, S., Jiang, P., & Li, Y. (2017) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c7nr06373c · Cited by 111
The ANDROMEDA-SHOCK Investigators, Kattan, E., Ospina-Tascón, G. A., Teboul, J., Castro, R., Cecconi, M., Ferri, G., Bakker, J., & Glenn Hernández, P. (2020) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2732-y · Cited by 115
Self-citationLandiolol and Organ Failure in Patients With Septic Shock
Whitehouse, T., Hossain, M. A., Perkins, G. D., Gordon, A. C., Bion, J., Young, D., McAuley, D., Singer, M., Lord, J. M., Gates, S., et al. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.20134 · Cited by 112
Choices in fluid type and volume during resuscitation: impact on patient outcomes
Lira, A., & Pinsky, M. R. (2014) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-014-0038-4 · Cited by 113
Metadata
- Authors
- The ProCESS Investigators
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- The ProCESS Investigators
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 370
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 1683-1693
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC4101700
- OpenAlex
- W2104415072
- Cited by
- 2,414
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 81 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 129 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 179 · 2020: 193 · 2019: 183 · 2018: 213 · 2017: 292 · 2016: 329 · 2015: 332 · 2014: 158
- FWCI
- 280.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P50GM076659)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Abdominal Surgery and Complications
- Keywords
- septic shock, early goal-directed therapy, protocol-based care, sepsis resuscitation, in-hospital mortality, vasopressors, inotropic agents, blood transfusion, central venous pressure monitoring, emergency department, organ support, usual care comparison, 60-day mortality, 90-day mortality
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Blood Transfusion, Cardiotonic Agents, Clinical Protocols, Combined Modality Therapy, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Resuscitation, Shock, Septic, Vasoconstrictor Agents, Hospital Mortality, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
