The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In a single-center study published more than a decade ago involving patients presenting to the emergency department with severe sepsis and septic shock, mortality was markedly lower among those who were treated according to a 6-hour protocol of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), in which intravenous fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, and blood transfusions were adjusted to reach central hemodynamic targets, than among those receiving usual care. We conducted a trial to determine whether these findings were generalizable and whether all aspects of the protocol were necessary. METHODS: In 31 emergency departments in the United States, we randomly assigned patients with septic shock to one of three groups for 6 hours of resuscitation: protocol-based EGDT; protocol-based standard therapy that did not require the placement of a central venous catheter, administration of inotropes, or blood transfusions; or usual care. The primary end point was 60-day in-hospital mortality. We tested sequentially whether protocol-based care (EGDT and standard-therapy groups combined) was superior to usual care and whether protocol-based EGDT was superior to protocol-based standard therapy. Secondary outcomes included longer-term mortality and the need for organ support. RESULTS: We enrolled 1341 patients, of whom 439 were randomly assigned to protocol-based EGDT, 446 to protocol-based standard therapy, and 456 to usual care. Resuscitation strategies differed significantly with respect to the monitoring of central venous pressure and oxygen and the use of intravenous fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, and blood transfusions. By 60 days, there were 92 deaths in the protocol-based EGDT group (21.0%), 81 in the protocol-based standard-therapy group (18.2%), and 86 in the usual-care group (18.9%) (relative risk with protocol-based therapy vs. usual care, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.31; P=0.83; relative risk with protocol-based EGDT vs. protocol-based standard therapy, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.51; P=0.31). There were no significant differences in 90-day mortality, 1-year mortality, or the need for organ support. CONCLUSIONS: In a multicenter trial conducted in the tertiary care setting, protocol-based resuscitation of patients in whom septic shock was diagnosed in the emergency department did not improve outcomes. (Funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences; ProCESS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00510835.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Early detection and appropriate treatment of sepsis have been associated with a significant mortality benefit in hospitalized patients.1,2,3”
From External validation of a widely implemented proprietary sepsis prediction model in hospitalized patients (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the PROCESS (64), ARISE (65) and PROMISE (66) trials, the average volume of fluid received pre-randomization was also in the range of 30 mL/kg, suggesting that this fluid volume has been adopted in routine clinical practice (67).”
From Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The observed reductions in ICU length of stay (1.8 days), mechanical ventilation duration (2.3 days), and 28-day mortality (5.7%) are clinically meaningful and compare favorably with other sepsis intervention studies22,23.”
From Machine learning predicts sepsis deterioration trajectories. (2026) · cites this paper as [23]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Supplementary Table 8 benchmarks our model against prior studies, demonstrating a 2.1-fold longer lead time than Seymour et al16and a 38% greater mortality reduction than Yealy et al.23.”
From Machine learning predicts sepsis deterioration trajectories. (2026) · cites this paper as Yealy et al.23
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The four largest clinical trials in sepsis resuscitation used moderate to large amounts of fluids in the first 72 h.”
From Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“ProCESS[64], ARISE [65] and ProMISe [66] administered approximately 7–8 L in the usual care groups with a reported low mortality rate.”
From Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 · Cited by 49,742
Bone, R. C., BALK, R. A., Cerra, F. B., Dellinger, R. P., Fein, A. M., Knaus, W. A., Schein, R. M. H., & Sibbald, W. J. (1992) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1644 · Cited by 13,317
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200005043421801 · Cited by 12,941
Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock
Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., Peterson, E., & Tomlanovich, M. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010307 · Cited by 10,743
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Rhodes, A., Annane, D., Gerlach, H., Opal, S. M., Sevransky, J. E., Sprung, C. L., Douglas, I. S., Jaeschke, R., et al. (2013) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31827e83af · Cited by 9,694
Angus, D. C., Linde-Zwirble, W. T., Lidicker, J., Clermont, G., Carcillo, J., & Pinsky, M. R. (2001) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200107000-00002 · Cited by 8,503
Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Carlet, J. M., Bion, J., Parker, M. M., Jaeschke, R., Reinhart, K., Angus, D. C., Brun‐Buisson, C., Beale, R. J., et al. (2007) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-007-0934-2 · Cited by 6,789
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care
Hébert, P. C., Wells, G., Blajchman, M. A., Marshall, J., Martin, C., Pagliarello, G., Tweeddale, M., Schweitzer, I., & Yetisir, E. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199902113400601 · Cited by 5,187
Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Angus, D. C., & van der Poll, T. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1208623 · Cited by 4,119
Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock
Dellinger, R. P., Carlet, J. M., Masur, H., Gerlach, H., Calandra, T., Cohen, J., Gea‐Banacloche, J., Keh, D., Marshall, J. C., Parker, M. M., et al. (2004) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-004-2210-z · Cited by 3,309
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2007.tb02391.x · DOI
- Pike F, 2013, Crit Care Resusc, 15, 301
- Rivers EP, 2012, Minerva Anestesiol, 78, 712
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,003
Asiimwe, S. B., Mbonde, A. A., & Ssekitoleko, R. (2015) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0826-8 · Cited by 33
Lanspa, M. J., Shahul, S. S., Hersh, A. M., Wilson, E. L., Olsen, T. D., Hirshberg, E. L., Grissom, C. K., & Brown, S. M. (2017) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-017-0240-2 · Cited by 35
AGUSTIN, M. C., Price, L. L., Andoh-Duku, A., & LaCamera, P. P. (2017) · Critical Care Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2017/9616545 · Cited by 39
Patient-specific predictors of failure to rescue after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Gleeson, E., Clarke, J. R., Morano, W. F., Shaikh, M. F., Bowne, W. B., & Pitt, H. A. (2018) · HPB · doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2018.07.022 · Cited by 33
Nonhuman primate species as models of human bacterial sepsis
Chen, L., Welty‐Wolf, K. E., & Kraft, B. D. (2019) · Lab Animal · doi:10.1038/s41684-018-0217-2 · Cited by 33
Connelly, C., & Schreiber, M. A. (2015) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0000000000000248 · Cited by 33
Initial resuscitation and management of pediatric septic shock.
Martin, K., & Weiss, S. L. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 32
Thoma, B., Rolston, D. M., & Lin, M. (2014) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.06.003 · Cited by 32
CD11c regulates neutrophil maturation
Hou, L., Voit, R. A., Shibamura‐Fujiogi, M., Koutsogiannaki, S., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Luo, H. R., Sankaran, V. G., & Yuki, K. (2022) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007719 · Cited by 37
Kotani, Y., Turi, S., Ortalda, A., Redaelli, M. B., Marchetti, C., Landoni, G., & Bellomo, R. (2023) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-023-04755-5 · Cited by 32
Neyra, J. A., Legrand, M. M., Tidswell, M., Al-Khafaji, A., Galphin, C. M., Rains, R., Davison, D. L., Tolwani, A., Chen, J.-T., Bender, W., et al. (2026) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00047-0 · Cited by 39
A prospective quality improvement study in the emergency department targeting paediatric sepsis
Long, E., Babl, F. E., Angley, E., & Duke, T. (2016) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-310234 · Cited by 32
Wang, L., Li, H., Gu, X., Wang, Z., Liu, S., & Chen, L. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154754 · Cited by 32
Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock for the Obstetrician–Gynecologist
Plante, L. A. (2016) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2016.07.010 · Cited by 33
Global Collaboration in Acute Care Clinical Research: Opportunities, Challenges, and Needs
Marshall, J. C. (2017) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002211 · Cited by 32
Reconsidering lactate as a sepsis risk biomarker
Moran, J. L., & Santamaria, J. D. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185320 · Cited by 32
Sepsis now a priority: a quality improvement initiative for early sepsis recognition and care
McDonald, C. M., West, S. K., Dushenski, D., Lapinsky, S. E., Soong, C., van den Broek, K., Ashby, M., Wilde-Friel, G., Kan, C., McIntyre, M. T., et al. (2018) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzy121 · Cited by 33
Lumlertgul, N., & Srisawat, N. (2020) · The International Journal of Artificial Organs · doi:10.1177/0391398820917150 · Cited by 32
Temporal Trends in Sepsis Incidence and Mortality in Patients With Cancer in the US Population
Liu, M. A., Bakow, B. R., Hsu, T., Chen, J., Su, K., Asiedu, E. K., Hsu, W., & Lee, C. (2021) · American Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.4037/ajcc2021632 · Cited by 31
Guinot, P., Martin, A., Berthoud, V., Voizeux, P., Bartamian, L., Santangelo, E., Bouhemad, B., & Nguyen, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10143164 · Cited by 33
Abo‐Youssef, A. M., Mohammad, M. K., Abo‐Saif, A. A., & Messiha, B. A. S. (2021) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2021.08.005 · Cited by 32
Choi, S. J., Ha, E., Jhang, W. K., & Park, S. J. (2018) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-018-1059-1 · Cited by 29
Rusconi, A. M., Bossi, I. E., Lampard, J. G., Szava‐Kovats, M., Bellone, A., & Lang, E. (2015) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-015-1248-y · Cited by 33
Hemodynamic monitoring and management of pediatric septic shock
Lee, E., Wu, H., Chan, O., Lin, J., & Hsia, S. (2021) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2021.10.004 · Cited by 38
Parke, R. L., McGuinness, S., Gilder, E., McCarthy, L., & Cowdrey, K.-A. L. (2015) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aev118 · Cited by 31
Negative Fluid Balance in Sepsis
Besen, B. A. M. P., & Taniguchi, L. U. (2016) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000701 · Cited by 31
Ofoma, U. R., Dahdah, J., Kethireddy, S., Maeng, D. D., & Walkey, A. J. (2017) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002254 · Cited by 31
Carrara, M., Pinto, B. B., Baselli, G., Bendjelid, K., & Ferrario, M. (2017) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001046 · Cited by 30
for the Korean Shock Society (KoSS) Investigators, Ko, B. S., Kim, K., Choi, S., Kang, G. H., Shin, T. G., Jo, Y. H., Ryoo, S. M., Beom, J. H., Kwon, W. Y., et al. (2018) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1935-3 · Cited by 32
Does Intravenous Lactated Ringer’s Solution Raise Serum Lactate?
Zitek, T., Skaggs, Z. D., Rahbar, A. J., Patel, J., & Khan, M. (2018) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.05.031 · Cited by 32
Kim, J., Kim, Y., Ryoo, S. M., Sohn, C. H., Seo, D. W., Ahn, S., Lim, K. S., & Kim, W. Y. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7120554 · Cited by 33
Steel, T. L., Afshar, M., Edwards, S., Jolley, S. E., Timko, C., Clark, B. J., Douglas, I. S., Dzierba, A. L., Gershengorn, H. B., Gilpin, N. W., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202108-1845st · Cited by 32
Time to treatment and mortality for clinical sepsis subtypes
Yang, A., Kennedy, J. N., Reitz, K. M., Phillips, G. S., Terry, K. M., Levy, M. M., Angus, D. C., & Seymour, C. W. (2023) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-023-04507-5 · Cited by 35
Odds ratio vs risk ratio in randomized controlled trials
Balasubramanian, H., Ananthan, A., Rao, S. C., & Patole, S. (2015) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1022494 · Cited by 32
DUMONT, T. L., Francis-Frank, L., Chong, J., & Balaan, M. R. (2015) · Critical Care Nursing Quarterly · doi:10.1097/cnq.0000000000000091 · Cited by 36
Outcomes of Older Adults With Sepsis at Admission to an Intensive Care Unit
Rowe, T. A., Araujo, K. L. B., Ness, P. H. V., Pisani, M. A., & Juthani‐Mehta, M. (2016) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw010 · Cited by 31
Hallengren, M., Åstrand, P., Eksborg, S., Barle, H., & FROSTELL, C. G. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183073 · Cited by 32
Early goal-directed therapy: do we have a definitive answer?
Backer, D. D., & Vincent, J. (2016) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-016-4295-6 · Cited by 31
What is new and different in the 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines
Prescott, H. C., & Ostermann, M. (2023) · Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00063-023-01028-5 · Cited by 37
Emerging therapies for the prevention of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Ruthman, C. A., & Festić, E. (2015) · Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/1753465815585716 · Cited by 30
Sepsis following cancer surgery: the need for early recognition and standardised clinical care
Hiong, A., Thursky, K., Teh, B. W., Haeusler, G. M., Slavin, M. A., & Worth, L. J. (2016) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1586/14787210.2016.1154787 · Cited by 30
Diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and procalcitonin levels in the early diagnosis of sepsis
Aksaray, S. (2016) · Northern Clinics of Istanbul · doi:10.14744/nci.2016.26023 · Cited by 30
Sekiguchi, H., Harada, Y., Villarraga, H. R., Mankad, S. V., & Gajic, O. (2017) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-017-2312-8 · Cited by 33
Martínez-Balzano, C., Oliveira, P. J., O’Rourke, M., Hills, L., & Sosa, A. (2016) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2016.10.035 · Cited by 29
Fluid resuscitation and markers of glycocalyx degradation in severe sepsis
Wu, X., Hu, Z., Yuan, H., Chen, L., Li, Y., & Zhao, C. (2017) · Open Medicine · doi:10.1515/med-2017-0059 · Cited by 31
Inata, Y., Piraino, G., Hake, P. W., O’Connor, M. P., Lahni, P. M., Wolfe, V., Schulte, C., Moore, V., James, J. M., & Zingarelli, B. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00052.2018 · Cited by 31
Venous oxygen saturation in critical illness
Walton, R. A. L., & Hansen, B. D. (2018) · Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care · doi:10.1111/vec.12749 · Cited by 30
Fluid Management in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Casey, J. D., Semler, M. W., & Rice, T. W. (2019) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1685206 · Cited by 31
S3-Leitlinie Sepsis – Prävention, Diagnose, Therapie und Nachsorge
Deutsche Sepsis Gesellschaft e., V., Brunkhorst, F. M., Weigand, M. A., Pletz, M. W., Gastmeier, P., Lemmen, S., Meier‐Hellmann, A., Ragaller, M., Weyland, A., Marx, G., et al. (2020) · Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00063-020-00671-6 · Cited by 31
Dubin, A., Loudet, C., Edul, V. S. K., Osatnik, J., Ríos, F., Vásquez, D., Pozo, M., Lattanzio, B., Pálizas, F., Klein, F., et al. (2020) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-020-00659-7 · Cited by 31
Hemodynamic support in septic shock
García-de-Acilu, M., Mesquida, J., Gruartmoner, G., & Ferrer, R. (2021) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0000000000000959 · Cited by 29
Hemodynamic Monitoring in the Critically Ill Patient – Current Status and Perspective
Sakka, S. G. (2015) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2015.00044 · Cited by 30
How Can We Estimate Sepsis Incidence and Mortality?
Gobatto, A. L. N., Besen, B. A. M. P., & Azevedo, L. C. P. (2016) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000703 · Cited by 28
Lu, Y. W., Zhang, H., Teng, F., Xia, W.-J., Sun, G., & Wen, A. (2016) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/0885066616671710 · Cited by 30
Hilty, M. P., Pichler, J., Ergin, B., Hefti, U., Merz, T. M., İnce, C., & Maggiorini, M. (2017) · Intensive Care Medicine Experimental · doi:10.1186/s40635-017-0139-0 · Cited by 29
New Insights into the Fluid Management in Patients with Septic Shock
Moschopoulos, C. D., Dimopoulou, D., Dimopoulou, A., Dimopoulou, K., Protopapas, K., Zavras, N. J., Tsiodras, S., Kotanidou, Α., & Fragkou, P. C. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59061047 · Cited by 38
Review of research progress in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
Nian, W., Tao, W., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2025.1603392 · Cited by 33
Kim, J. W., Kim, J. J., Yang, H. J., Lim, Y. S., Cho, J. S., Hwang, I. C., & Han, S. H. (2015) · The Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.4.258 · Cited by 29
Critical Illness in Patients With Asplenia
O’Neal, H. R., Niven, A. S., & Karam, G. H. (2016) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2016.03.044 · Cited by 30
Nolan, J. P., Soar, J., Cariou, A., Cronberg, T., Moulaert, V. R. M., Deakin, C. D., Böttiger, B. W., Friberg, H., Sunde, K., & Sandroni, C. (2015) · Notfall + Rettungsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s10049-015-0094-9 · Cited by 29
Yacoub, S., Trung, T. H., Lam, P. K., Thien, V. H. N., Hai, D. H. T., Phan, T. Q., Nguyet, O. P. K., Quyen, N. T. H., Simmons, C. P., Broyd, C., et al. (2017) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005740 · Cited by 29
Rajdev, K., Leifer, L., Sandhu, G., Mann, B., Pervaiz, S., Habib, S., Siddiqui, A. H., Joseph, B., Demissie, S., & El‐Sayegh, S. (2019) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.10.008 · Cited by 29
Human adaptation to hypoxia in critical illness
McKenna, H., Murray, A. J., & Martín, D. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00818.2019 · Cited by 30
Duhailib, Z. A., Hegazy, A. F., Lalli, R., Fiorini, K., Priestap, F. A., Iansavitchene, A., & Slessarev, M. (2020) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004578 · Cited by 29
Perman, S. M., Mikkelsen, M. E., Goyal, M. K., Ginde, A. A., Bhardwaj, A., Drumheller, B. C., Sante, S. C., Agarwal, A. K., & Gaieski, D. F. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77438-8 · Cited by 30
Individualized Hemodynamic Management in Sepsis
Virág, M., Leiner, T., Rottler, M., Ocskay, K., & Molnár, Z. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11020157 · Cited by 29
Sepsis in patients with haematological versus solid cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Chebl, R. B., Safa, R., Sabra, M., Chami, A., Berbari, I., Jamali, S., Makki, M. H., Tamim, H., & Dagher, G. A. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038349 · Cited by 30
Emerging therapeutic targets for sepsis
Tindal, E. W., Armstead, B. E., Monaghan, S. F., Heffernan, D. S., & Ayala, A. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2021.1897107 · Cited by 30
Hemodynamic Monitoring and Support
Vincent, J., Joosten, A., & Saugel, B. (2021) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000005213 · Cited by 30
Mazzone, A., Dentali, F., Regina, M. L., Foglia, E., Gambacorta, M., Garagiola, E., Bonardi, G., Clerici, P., Concia, E., Colombo, F., et al. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000002124 · Cited by 29
Lee, Y. K., Hwang, S. Y., Shin, T. G., Jo, I. J., Suh, G. Y., & Jeon, K. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153305 · Cited by 29
Impact of Prehospital Care on Outcomes in Sepsis: A Systematic Review
Smyth, M. A., Brace-McDonnell, S. J., & Perkins, G. D. (2016) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2016.5.30172 · Cited by 29
The Complexities of Intravenous Fluid Research: Questions of Scale, Volume, and Accumulation
Glassford, N. J., & Bellomo, R. (2016) · The Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.4266/kjccm.2016.00934 · Cited by 31
A novel paradigm links mitochondrial dysfunction with muscle stem cell impairment in sepsis
Châtre, L., Verdonk, F., Rocheteau, P., Crochemore, C., Chrétien, F., & Ricchetti, M. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.019 · Cited by 29
Liu, Q., Liu, X., Hu, B., Xu, H., Sun, R., Li, P., Zhang, Y., Yang, H., Ma, N., & Sun, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1192931 · Cited by 28
Prager, R. T., Arntfield, R. T., Wong, M. Y. S., Ball, I. M., Lewis, K. A., Rochwerg, B. N., & Basmaji, J. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-024-02717-1 · Cited by 31
Gray, A. J., Oatey, K., Grahamslaw, J., Irvine, S. R., Cafferkey, J., Kennel, T., Norrie, J. D., Walsh, T. S., Lone, N., Horner, D. E., et al. (2024) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000006348 · Cited by 29
Emergency medicine updates: Evaluation and diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock
Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. A. (2025) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2025.01.055 · Cited by 32
Sepsis subphenotypes: bridging the gaps in sepsis treatment strategies
Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, H., & Liao, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1546474 · Cited by 30
S3-Leitlinie Sepsis – Prävention, Diagnose, Therapie und Nachsorge – Update 2025
Brunkhorst, F. M., Adamzik, M., Axer, H., Bauer, M. W., Bode, C., Bone, H.-G., Brenner, T., Bucher, M., David, S., Dietrich, M., et al. (2025) · Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00063-025-01317-1 · Cited by 35
Paramedic Recognition of Sepsis in the Prehospital Setting: A Prospective Observational Study
Green, R. S., Travers, A. H., Cain, E., Campbell, S., Jensen, J. L., Petrie, D. A., Erdogan, M., Patrick, G., & Patrick, W. D. (2016) · Emergency Medicine International · doi:10.1155/2016/6717261 · Cited by 28
Xu, J., Chen, Q., Liu, S., Pan, C. S., Xu, X., Han, J., Xie, J., Huang, Y., Guo, F., Yang, Y., et al. (2016) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000001278 · Cited by 29
Song, J. E., Kim, M. H., Jeong, W., Jung, I. Y., Oh, D. H., Kim, Y. C., Kim, E. J., Jeong, S. J., Ku, N. S., Kim, J. M., et al. (2016) · Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.3947/ic.2016.48.3.199 · Cited by 28
Transfusion of Red Blood Cells to Patients with Sepsis
Chan, Y., Han, S.-T., Li, C.-H., Wu, C., & Chen, K. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18091946 · Cited by 29
The Future of Critical Care Lies in Quality Improvement and Education
Niven, A. S., Herasevich, S., Pickering, B. W., & Gajic, O. (2019) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201812-847ip · Cited by 28
Role of β2 Integrins in Neutrophils and Sepsis
Yuki, K., & Hou, L. (2020) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00031-20 · Cited by 28
Intravenous fluid therapy in sepsis
Seitz, K. P., Qian, E. T., & Semler, M. W. (2022) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10892 · Cited by 32
Azithromycin use and outcomes in severe sepsis patients with and without pneumonia
Afshar, M., Foster, C. L., Layden, J. E., & Burnham, E. L. (2015) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.12.010 · Cited by 27
Derivation of Novel Risk Prediction Scores for Community-Acquired Sepsis and Severe Sepsis*
Wang, H. E., Donnelly, J. P., Griffin, R. L., Levitan, E. B., Shapiro, N. I., Howard, G., & Safford, M. M. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001666 · Cited by 28
Predicting Fluid Responsiveness in Acute Liver Failure: A Prospective Study
Audimoolam, V. K., McPhail, M. J. W., Willars, C., Bernal, W. E., Wendon, J. A., Cecconi, M., & Auzinger, G. M. (2016) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000001585 · Cited by 28
Micro- and Macrocirculatory Changes During Sepsis and Septic Shock in a Rat Model
Hua, T., Wu, X., Wang, W., Li, H., Bradley, J. L., Peberdy, M. A., Ornato, J. P., & Tang, W. (2017) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000954 · Cited by 28
Udy, A. A., Finnis, M., Jones, D., Delaney, A. P., Macdonald, S. P. J., Bellomo, R., & Peake, S. (2018) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001281 · Cited by 27
Higgins, A. M., Peake, S., Bellomo, R., Cooper, D. J., Delaney, A. P., Harris, A., Howe, B. D., Nichol, A., Webb, S. A. R., & Williams, P. J. (2019) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003762 · Cited by 28
McDaniel, M., Keller, J. M., White, S., & Baird, A. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01321 · Cited by 28
Fluid Resuscitation in Patients Presenting with Sepsis: Current Insights
Macdonald, S. P. J. (2022) · Open Access Emergency Medicine · doi:10.2147/oaem.s363520 · Cited by 34
Emergency medicine updates: Management of sepsis and septic shock
Long, B., & Gottlieb, M. A. (2025) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2025.01.054 · Cited by 29
Update in Sepsis and Acute Kidney Injury 2014
Schortgen, F., & Asfar, P. (2015) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201502-0307up · Cited by 28
Early goal-directed therapy: what do we do now?
Levy, M. M. (2014) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0705-8 · Cited by 27
Sepsis outside intensive care unit: the other side of the coin
Mearelli, F., Orso, D., Fiotti, N., Altamura, N., Breglia, A., Nardo, M. D., Paoli, I. D., Zanetti, M., Casarsa, C., & Biolo, G. (2014) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-014-0673-6 · Cited by 31
Cronhjort, M., Hjortrup, P. B., Holst, L. B., Joelsson‐Alm, E., Mårtensson, J., Svensén, C., & Perner, A. (2016) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.12723 · Cited by 27
Metadata
- Authors
- The ProCESS Investigators
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- The ProCESS Investigators
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 370
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 1683-1693
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC4101700
- OpenAlex
- W2104415072
- Cited by
- 2,414
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 81 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 129 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 179 · 2020: 193 · 2019: 183 · 2018: 213 · 2017: 292 · 2016: 329 · 2015: 332 · 2014: 158
- FWCI
- 280.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P50GM076659)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Abdominal Surgery and Complications
- Keywords
- septic shock, early goal-directed therapy, protocol-based care, sepsis resuscitation, in-hospital mortality, vasopressors, inotropic agents, blood transfusion, central venous pressure monitoring, emergency department, organ support, usual care comparison, 60-day mortality, 90-day mortality
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Blood Transfusion, Cardiotonic Agents, Clinical Protocols, Combined Modality Therapy, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Resuscitation, Shock, Septic, Vasoconstrictor Agents, Hospital Mortality, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
