The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
One-Year Outcomes in Caregivers of Critically Ill Patients
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Few resources are available to support caregivers of patients who have survived critical illness; consequently, the caregivers' own health may suffer. We studied caregiver and patient characteristics to determine which characteristics were associated with caregivers' health outcomes during the first year after patient discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 280 caregivers of patients who had received 7 or more days of mechanical ventilation in an ICU. Using hospital data and self-administered questionnaires, we collected information on caregiver and patient characteristics, including caregiver depressive symptoms, psychological well-being, health-related quality of life, sense of control over life, and effect of providing care on other activities. Assessments occurred 7 days and 3, 6, and 12 months after ICU discharge. RESULTS: The caregivers' mean age was 53 years, 70% were women, and 61% were caring for a spouse. A large percentage of caregivers (67% initially and 43% at 1 year) reported high levels of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms decreased at least partially with time in 84% of the caregivers but did not in 16%. Variables that were significantly associated with worse mental health outcomes in caregivers were younger age, greater effect of patient care on other activities, less social support, less sense of control over life, and less personal growth. No patient variables were consistently associated with caregiver outcomes over time. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, most caregivers of critically ill patients reported high levels of depressive symptoms, which commonly persisted up to 1 year and did not decrease in some caregivers. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00896220.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and lead to psychological distress among family members (16).”
From Effects of a Personalized Web-Based Decision Aid for Surrogate Decision Makers of Patients With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“the clinical context was likely a challenge to careful decision making because of the sudden onset and rapid pace of critical illness, the proximity of possible death, the many clinicians involved with each patient, and the difficulties of deciding about life-sustaining therapy for a loved one (16).”
From Effects of a Personalized Web-Based Decision Aid for Surrogate Decision Makers of Patients With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 · Cited by 49,742
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1985) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009 · Cited by 15,518
mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R
Buuren, S. V., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v045.i03 · Cited by 13,870
APACHE II-A Severity of Disease Classification System
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1986) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198608000-00028 · Cited by 13,379
Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence
Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152968.001.0001 · Cited by 10,647
Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data.
Elixhauser, A., Steiner, C., Harris, D. R., & Coffey, R. M. (1998) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199801000-00004 · Cited by 9,921
Regression Modeling Strategies
Harrell, F. E. (2001) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3462-1 · Cited by 9,270
Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Stress
Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197905000-00004 · Cited by 7,813
Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136319 · Cited by 7,791
Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-b · Cited by 6,643
Caregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measures
Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Semple, S. J., & Skaff, M. M. (1990) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/30.5.583 · Cited by 4,810
Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/0144665031752934 · Cited by 2,957
Functional Disability 5 Years after Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Herridge, M. S., Tansey, C. M., Matte, A. L., TOMLINSON, G. A., Diaz-Granados, N., Cooper, A., Guest, C. B., Mazer, C. D., Mehta, S., Stewart, T. E., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1011802 · Cited by 2,892
Self-citationMultiple Organ Dysfunction Score
Marshall, J. C., Cook, D. J., Christou, N. V., Bernard, G. R., Sprung, C. L., & Sibbald, W. J. (1995) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199510000-00007 · Cited by 2,539
Self-citationOne-Year Outcomes in Survivors of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Herridge, M. S., Cheung, A. M., Tansey, C. M., Matte-Martyn, A., Diaz-Granados, N., Al-Saidi, F., Cooper, A. B., Guest, C. B., Mazer, C. D., Mehta, S., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa022450 · Cited by 2,334
Self-citationReference Equations for the Six-Minute Walk in Healthy Adults
Enright, P., & Sherrill, D. L. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9710086 · Cited by 2,208
Finite Mixture Modeling with Mixture Outcomes Using the EM Algorithm
Muthén, B., & Shedden, K. (1999) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.00463.x · Cited by 1,498
Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members of intensive care unit patients
Azoulay, E., Pochard, F., Kentish-Barnes, N., Chevret, S., Aboab, J., Adrie, C., Annane, D., Bleichner, G., Bollaert, P. E., Darmon, M., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200409-1295oc · Cited by 1,332
On the Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory
Richter, P., Werner, J., Heerlein, A., Kraus, A., & Sauer, H. (1998) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000066239 · Cited by 1,113
The Factor Structure of the SF-36 Health Survey in 10 Countries
Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M. R., Gandek, B., Aaronson, N. K., Apolone, G., Bech, P., Brazier, J. E., Bullinger, M., Kaasa, S., Leplège, A., et al. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00107-3 · Cited by 669
Covinsky, K. E., Newcomer, R. J., Fox, P., Wood, J., Sands, L. P., Dane, K., & Yaffe, K. S. (2003) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2003.30103.x · Cited by 582
Lyness, J. M. (1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440250107012 · Cited by 484
Two-Year Outcomes, Health Care Use, and Costs of Survivors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Cheung, A. M., Tansey, C. M., TOMLINSON, G. A., Diaz-Granados, N., Matte, A. L., Barr, A., Mehta, S., Mazer, C. D., Guest, C. B., Stewart, T. E., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200505-693oc · Cited by 471
Self-citationPochard, F., Darmon, M., Fassier, T., Bollaert, P., Cheval, C., Coloigner, M., Merouani, A., Moulront, S., Pigné, E., Pingat, J., et al. (2005) · Journal of critical care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2004.11.004 · Cited by 458
Descriptive Epidemiology of Major Depression in Canada
Patten, S. B., Wang, J. L., Williams, J. V., Currie, S., Beck, C. A., Maxwell, C. J., & el-Guebaly, N. (2006) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370605100204 · Cited by 443
Herridge, M. S., Chu, L. M., Matte, A. L., TOMLINSON, G. A., Chan, L. S., Thomas, C., Friedrich, J. O., Mehta, S., Lamontagne, F., Levasseur, M., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201512-2343oc · Cited by 425
Self-citationLong-term mortality and quality of life after prolonged mechanical ventilation*
Chelluri, L., Im, K. A., Belle, S. H., Schulz, R., Rotondi, A. J., Donahoe, M. P., Sirio, C., Mendelsohn, A. B., & Pinsky, M. R. (2004) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000098029.65347.f9 · Cited by 361
Lifestyle interference and emotional distress in family caregivers of advanced cancer patients
Cameron, J., Franche, R., Cheung, A., & Stewart, D. (2002) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.10212 · Cited by 346
Self-citationCameron, J. I., & Gignac, M. A. M. (2007) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2007.10.020 · Cited by 339
Self-citationdos Santos, C. C., Hussain, S. N. A., Mathur, S., Picard, M. A., Herridge, M. S., Correa, J., Bain, A. D., Guo, Y., Advani, A., Advani, S. L., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201512-2344oc · Cited by 294
Self-citationChari, A. V., Engberg, J., Ray, K. N., & Mehrotra, A. (2014) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12238 · Cited by 276
Hollander, M. J., Liu, G., & Chappell, N. L. (2009) · Healthcare Quarterly · doi:10.12927/hcq.2009.20660 · Cited by 193
The functional independence measure: Its use to identify rehabilitation needs in stroke survivors
Oczkowski, W., & Barreca, S. R. (1993) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/0003-9993(93)90081-k · Cited by 189
Informal Caregiver Burden among Survivors of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation
Pelt, D. C. V., Milbrandt, E. B., Li, Q., Weissfeld, L. A., Rotondi, A. J., Schulz, R., Chelluri, L., Angus, D. C., & Pinsky, M. R. (2006) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-493oc · Cited by 173
Factors predicting satisfactory home care after stroke.
Evans, R. L., Bishop, D. S., & Haselkorn, J. K. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 122
Well-being in informal caregivers of survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome*
Cameron, J. I., Herridge, M. S., Tansey, C. M., McAndrews, M. P., & Cheung, A. M. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000190428.71765.31 · Cited by 108
Self-citationCameron, J. I., Cheung, A. M., Streiner, D. L., Coyte, P. C., & Stewart, D. E. (2006) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.10.012 · Cited by 108
Self-citationPrevalence and Outcomes of Caregiving After Prolonged (≥ 48 Hours) Mechanical Ventilation in the ICU
Im, K., Belle, S. H., Schulz, R., Mendelsohn, A. B., & Chelluri, L. (2004) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.125.2.597 · Cited by 104
Estimation of linear mixed models with a mixture of distribution for the random effects
Proust‐Lima, C., & Jacqmin‐Gadda, H. (2005) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2004.12.004 · Cited by 102
Impact of a Disease Management Program Upon Caregivers of Chronically Critically Ill Patients
Douglas, S. L., Daly, B. J., Kelley, C. G., O’Toole, E. E., & Montenegro, H. D. (2005) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.128.6.3925 · Cited by 96
Family carers of ICU survivors: A survey of the burden they experience
Foster, M., & Chaboyer, W. P. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1046/j.1471-6712.2003.00230.x · Cited by 70
Choi, J., Sherwood, P. R., Schulz, R., Ren, D., Donahoe, M. P., Given, B. A., & Hoffman, L. A. (2012) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182451c58 · Cited by 61
Patient-Specific, Time-Varying Predictors of Post-ICU Informal Caregiver Burden
Pelt, D. C. V., Schulz, R., Chelluri, L., & Pinsky, M. R. (2009) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.09-0795 · Cited by 54
Caregivers of ICU patients discharged home: What burden do they face?
Johnson, P., Chaboyer, W. P., Foster, M., & van der Vooren, R. (2001) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1054/iccn.2001.1577 · Cited by 48
Predictors of institution admission in the year following acute hospitalisation of elderly people
Dramé, M., Fierobe, F., Lang, P.-O., Jolly, D., Boyer, F. C., Mahmoudi, R., Somme, D., Lanièce, I., Heitz, D., Gauvain, J. B., et al. (2011) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-011-0004-x · Cited by 39
Functional Disability 5 Years after ARDS
Wise, M. P., & Hart, N. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1105509 · Cited by 6
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Evans RL, 1991, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 72, 144
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Post‐intensive care syndrome: its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions
Inoue, S., Hatakeyama, J., Kondo, Y., Hifumi, T., Sakuramoto, H., Kawasaki, T., Taito, S., Nakamura, K., Unoki, T., Kawai, Y., et al. (2019) · Acute Medicine & Surgery · doi:10.1002/ams2.415 · Cited by 653
The ABCDEF Bundle: Science and Philosophy of How ICU Liberation Serves Patients and Families
Ely, E. W. (2017) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002175 · Cited by 514
Mechanical Ventilation: State of the Art
Pham, T. O., Brochard, L. J., & Slutsky, A. S. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.05.004 · Cited by 404
Self-citationComorbidities, multimorbidity and COVID-19
Russell, C. D., Lone, N., & Baillie, J. K. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02156-9 · Cited by 373
Carson, S. S., Cox, C. E., Wallenstein, S., Hanson, L. C., Danis, M., Tulsky, J. A., Chai, E., & Nelson, J. E. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.8474 · Cited by 352
Metadata
- Authors
- Cameron, J. I., Chu, L. M., Matte, A., Tomlinson, G., Chan, L., Thomas, C., Friedrich, J. O., Mehta, S., Lamontagne, F., Levasseur, M., Ferguson, N. D., Adhikari, N. K. J., Rudkowski, J. C., Meggison, H., Skrobik, Y., Flannery, J., Bayley, M., Batt, J., dos Santos, C., Abbey, S. E., Tan, A., Lo, V., Mathur, S., Parotto, M., Morris, D., Flockhart, L., Fan, E., Lee, C. M., Wilcox, M. E., Ayas, N., Choong, K., Fowler, R., Scales, D. C., Sinuff, T., Cuthbertson, B. H., Rose, L., Robles, P., Burns, S., Cypel, M., Singer, L., Chaparro, C., Chow, C.-W., Keshavjee, S., Brochard, L., Hébert, P., Slutsky, A. S., Marshall, J. C., Cook, D., & Herridge, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- ORCID
- Cameron, Jill I.
- Tomlinson, George
- Chan, Linda
- Friedrich, Jan O.
- Mehta, Sangeeta
- Ferguson, Niall D.
- Adhikari, Neill K.J.
- Rudkowski, Jill C.
- Meggison, Hilary
- Skrobik, Yoanna
- Flannery, John
- Bayley, Mark
- Batt, Jane
- Abbey, Susan E.
- Tan, Adrienne
- Mathur, Sunita
- Parotto, Matteo
- Morris, Denise
- Fan, Eddy
- Lee, Christie M.
- Wilcox, M. Elizabeth
- Ayas, Najib
- Choong, Karen
- Scales, Damon C.
- Cuthbertson, Brian H.
- Rose, Louise
- Robles, Priscila
- Burns, Stacey
- Cypel, Marcelo
- Singer, Lianne
- Chaparro, Cecilia
- Chow, Chung-Wai
- Keshavjee, Shaf
- Brochard, Laurent
- Hébert, Paul
- Slutsky, Arthur S.
- Marshall, John C.
- Herridge, Margaret S.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2016-05-12
- Volume
- 374
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1831-1841
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2385708538
- Cited by
- 429
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 18
- FWCI
- 82.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Toronto
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (97809_1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- caregiver burden, family caregivers, critically ill patients, intensive care unit survivors, depressive symptoms, caregiver mental health, health-related quality of life, psychological well-being, social support, perceived control, personal growth, mechanical ventilation, post-discharge outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depression, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Stress, Psychological, Critical Illness, Caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
