The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Long-term trends in excess risk of death and cardiovascular outcomes have not been extensively studied in persons with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We included patients registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register from 1998 through 2012 and followed them through 2014. Trends in deaths and cardiovascular events were estimated with Cox regression and standardized incidence rates. For each patient, controls who were matched for age, sex, and county were randomly selected from the general population. RESULTS: Among patients with type 1 diabetes, absolute changes during the study period in the incidence rates of sentinel outcomes per 10,000 person-years were as follows: death from any cause, -31.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], -56.1 to -6.7); death from cardiovascular disease, -26.0 (95% CI, -42.6 to -9.4); death from coronary heart disease, -21.7 (95% CI, -37.1 to -6.4); and hospitalization for cardiovascular disease, -45.7 (95% CI, -71.4 to -20.1). Absolute changes per 10,000 person-years among patients with type 2 diabetes were as follows: death from any cause, -69.6 (95% CI, -95.9 to -43.2); death from cardiovascular disease, -110.0 (95% CI, -128.9 to -91.1); death from coronary heart disease, -91.9 (95% CI, -108.9 to -75.0); and hospitalization for cardiovascular disease, -203.6 (95% CI, -230.9 to -176.3). Patients with type 1 diabetes had roughly 40% greater reduction in cardiovascular outcomes than controls, and patients with type 2 diabetes had roughly 20% greater reduction than controls. Reductions in fatal outcomes were similar in patients with type 1 diabetes and controls, whereas patients with type 2 diabetes had smaller reductions in fatal outcomes than controls. CONCLUSIONS: In Sweden from 1998 through 2014, mortality and the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes declined substantially among persons with diabetes, although fatal outcomes declined less among those with type 2 diabetes than among controls. (Funded by the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions and others.).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) broadly refers to a history of acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction (MI), stable or unstable angina or coronary or other arterial revascularization, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral artery disease (PAD) including aortic aneurysm and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes (1).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“ASCVD broadly refers to a history of acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction (MI), stable or unstable angina or coronary or other arterial revascularization, stroke, or peripheral artery disease (PAD) including aortic aneurysm and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes (1).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Under the current paradigm of comprehensive risk factor modification, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have notably decreased in people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (1).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Under the current paradigm of comprehensive risk factor modification, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have notably decreased in people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (1).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“T2DM is common among patients with ASCVD or at the highest risk of CVD.The converse is also true: ASCVD is common in patients with T2DM.148”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [148]
In the citing paper
“Diabetes is a well-established risk factor for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and CAD accounts for 40-80% of deaths in patients with T2DM.148,359,381”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [148]
In the citing paper
“These results were consistent across subgroups including those with and without diabetes or CKD.”
From SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“The primary outcome of worsening HF or CVD death was significantly reduced, 16.3% versus 21.2% for dapagliflozin compared with placebo (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65–0.85).”
From SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“Patients with T2DM are at high risk for ASCVD and HF compared with nondiabetic individuals (50,53).”
From SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“DAPA-HF was the first clinical trial of an SGLT2 inhibitor to assess HF events as the primary outcome and to include participants with and without diabetes (50).”
From SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Stratton, I. M. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405 · Cited by 9,059
Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
(2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052187 · Cited by 5,138
C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pradhan, A. D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.3.327 · Cited by 4,433
Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Gæde, P., Vedel, P., Larsen, N., Jensen, G. V. H., Parving, H.-H., & Pedersen, O. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021778 · Cited by 4,378
IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030
Whiting, D. R., Guariguata, L., Weil, C., & Shaw, J. E. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.029 · Cited by 4,018
Colhoun, H. M., Betteridge, D. J., Durrington, P. N., Hitman, G. A., W Neil, H. A., Livingstone, S. J., Thomason, M. J., Mackness, M. I., Charlton-Menys, V., & Fuller, J. H. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16895-5 · Cited by 3,755
Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes
Gæde, P., Lund-Andersen, H., Parving, H.-H., & Pedersen, O. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706245 · Cited by 3,465
Collaborators, C. T. T. (. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60104-x · Cited by 2,081
Changes in diabetes-related complications in the United States, 1990-2010
Gregg, E. W., Li, Y., Wang, J., Rios Burrows, N., Ali, M. K., Rolka, D., Williams, D. E., & Geiss, L. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1310799 · Cited by 1,749
Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future
Kahn, S. E., Cooper, M. E., & Del Prato, S. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62154-6 · Cited by 1,743
Boyle, J. P., Thompson, T. J., Gregg, E. W., Barker, L. E., & Williamson, D. F. (2010) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-8-29 · Cited by 1,309
Genetics, pathogenesis and clinical interventions in type 1 diabetes
Bluestone, J. A., Herold, K., & Eisenbarth, G. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08933 · Cited by 1,265
Glycemic Control and Excess Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes
Lind, M., Svensson, A.-M., Kosiborod, M., Gudbjörnsdottir, S., Pivodic, A., Wedel, H., Dahlqvist, S., Clements, M., & Rosengren, A. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1408214 · Cited by 964
Self-citationLong-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes
Holman, R. R., Paul, S. K., Bethel, M. A., Neil, H. A. W., & Matthews, D. R. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806359 · Cited by 762
Time trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Finnish children: a cohort study
Harjutsalo, V., Sjöberg, L., & Tuomilehto, J. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60765-5 · Cited by 666
Tricco, A. C., Ivers, N. M., Grimshaw, J. M., Moher, D., Turner, L., Galipeau, J., Halperin, I., Vachon, B., Ramsay, T., Manns, B., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60480-2 · Cited by 652
Mortality Trends in Men and Women with Diabetes, 1971 to 2000
Gregg, E. W., Gu, Q., Cheng, Y. J., Narayan, K. M. V., & Cowie, C. C. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-3-200708070-00167 · Cited by 463
Changes in risk factors explain changes in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland
Vartiainen, E. A., Puska, P., Pekkanen, J., Toumilehto, J., & Jousilahti, P. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6946.23 · Cited by 438
Association between 7 years of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes and long-term mortality
Orchard, T. J., Nathan, D. M., Zinman, B., Cleary, P., Brillon, D., Backlund, J.-Y. C., & Lachin, J. M. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.16107 · Cited by 437
Heart failure: a cardiovascular outcome in diabetes that can no longer be ignored
McMurray, J. J. V., Gerstein, H. C., Holman, R. R., & Pfeffer, M. A. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70031-2 · Cited by 305
Trends in Death Rates Among U.S. Adults With and Without Diabetes Between 1997 and 2006
Gregg, E. W., Cheng, Y. J., Saydah, S., Cowie, C. C., GARFIELD, S. A., Geiss, L. S., & Barker, L. E. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1162 · Cited by 303
Lind, M., Bounias, I., Olsson, M., Guðbjörnsdóttir, S., Svensson, A., & Rosengren, A. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60471-6 · Cited by 294
Self-citationCleary, P. A., Orchard, T. J., GENUTH, S. M., Wong, N. D., Detrano, R., Backlund, J. C., Zinman, B., Jacobson, A. M., Sun, W., Lachin, J. M., et al. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0653 · Cited by 265
(2015) · doi:10.1136/bmj.h3234 · Cited by 258
Self-citationSoedamah-Muthu, S. S., Fuller, J. H., Mulnier, H. E., Raleigh, V. S., Lawrenson, R. A., & Colhoun, H. M. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0120-4 · Cited by 240
Mortality in type 1 diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC versus the general population
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Research Group (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2399 · Cited by 194
Lipid and Blood Pressure Treatment Goals for Type 1 Diabetes
Orchard, T. J., Forrest, K. Y. Z., Kuller, L. H., & Becker, D. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.6.1053 · Cited by 193
Secrest, A. M., Becker, D. J., Kelsey, S. F., LaPorte, R. E., & Orchard, T. J. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1170 · Cited by 173
Recent trends in cardiovascular complications among men and women with and without diabetes
Booth, G. L., Kapral, M. K., Fung, K., & Tu, J. V. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-0776 · Cited by 171
Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Disease in 7,454 Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Eeg‐Olofsson, K., Cederholm, J., Nilsson, P. M., Zethelius, B., Svensson, A., Guðbjörnsdóttir, S., & Eliasson, B. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0398 · Cited by 145
Self-citationThe incidence of diabetes among 0–34 year olds in Sweden: new data and better methods
Rawshani, A., Landin-Olsson, M., Svensson, A., Nyström, L., Arnqvist, H., Bolinder, J., & Gudbjörnsdottir, S. (2014) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3225-9 · Cited by 116
Self-citationRosengren, A., Vestberg, D., Svensson, A., Kosiborod, M., Clements, M. A., Rawshani, A., Pivodic, A., Guðbjörnsdóttir, S., & Lind, M. (2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00292-2 · Cited by 87
Self-citationHero, C., Rawshani, A., Svensson, A.-M., Franzén, S., Eliasson, B., Eeg-Olofsson, K., & Gudbjörnsdottir, S. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2450 · Cited by 78
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000757 · Cited by 9,175
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Das, S. R., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000659 · Cited by 9,036
Mach, F., Baigent, C., Catapano, A. L., Koskinas, K. C., Casula, M., Badimon, L., Chapman, M. J., De Backer, G. G., Delgado, V., Ference, B. A., et al. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455 · Cited by 8,961
Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a report from the american heart association
Benjamin, E. J., Virani, S. S., Callaway, C. W., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Delling, F. N., Deo, R., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000558 · Cited by 7,146
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Tsao, C. W., Aday, A. W., Almarzooq, Z. I., Alonso, A., Beaton, A. Z., Bittencourt, M. S., Boehme, A. K., Buxton, A. E., Carson, A. P., Commodore-Mensah, Y., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001052 · Cited by 5,987
Metadata
- Authors
- Rawshani, A., Rawshani, A., Franzén, S., Eliasson, B., Svensson, A.-M., Miftaraj, M., McGuire, D. K., Sattar, N., Rosengren, A., & Gudbjörnsdottir, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2017-04-13
- Volume
- 376
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1407-1418
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2606281213
- Cited by
- 1,389
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 100 · 2025: 144 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 149 · 2022: 184 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 196 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 39
- FWCI
- 101.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, mortality, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular hospitalization, Sweden, diabetes registry, standardized incidence rate
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Registries, Risk Factors, Sweden, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Age of Onset
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
