The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 4 of the 10 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel, also called bb2121), a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, has shown clinical activity with expected CAR T-cell toxic effects in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. METHODS: CAR-positive (CAR+) T cells. The primary end point was an overall response (partial response or better); a key secondary end point was a complete response or better (comprising complete and stringent complete responses). RESULTS: nucleated cells) was confirmed in 33 patients, representing 26% of all 128 patients who were treated and 79% of the 42 patients who had a complete response or better. The median progression-free survival was 8.8 months (95% confidence interval, 5.6 to 11.6). Common toxic effects among the 128 treated patients included neutropenia in 117 patients (91%), anemia in 89 (70%), and thrombocytopenia in 81 (63%). Cytokine release syndrome was reported in 107 patients (84%), including 7 (5%) who had events of grade 3 or higher. Neurotoxic effects developed in 23 patients (18%) and were of grade 3 in 4 patients (3%); no neurotoxic effects higher than grade 3 occurred. Cellular kinetic analysis confirmed CAR+ T cells in 29 of 49 patients (59%) at 6 months and 4 of 11 patients (36%) at 12 months after infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Ide-cel induced responses in a majority of heavily pretreated patients with refractory and relapsed myeloma; MRD-negative status was achieved in 26% of treated patients. Almost all patients had grade 3 or 4 toxic effects, most commonly hematologic toxic effects and cytokine release syndrome. (Funded by bluebird bio and Celgene, a Bristol-Myers Squibb company; KarMMa ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03361748.).
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Claims the paper makes
4 of 10 cited sources checked · 2 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CAR T cell idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel, also called bb2121) showed promising efficacy in a phase 1 study involving patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma.11”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > D
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [11] 11. Raje N, Berdeja J, Lin Y, et al. Anti- BCMA CAR T-cell therapy bb2121 in re- lapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1726-37. source
The Methods identify bb2121 as an anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy studied in a phase 1 trial involving patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. The Discussion reports an 85% clinical response rate, supporting the characterization of its efficacy as promising. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“These efficacy results compare favorably with results in similarly heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma treated with two recently approved regimens, selinexor plus dexamethasone and belantamab mafodotin (median progression-free survival, 3.7 months and 2.9 months, respectively).5,17”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [5] 5. Chari A, Vogl DT, Gavriatopoulou M, et al. Oral selinexor-dexamethasone for triple-class refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2019; 381: 727-38. source
The Methods and Discussion describe patients with triple-class refractory myeloma who were heavily pretreated, with a median of seven previous regimens. The Efficacy section reports median progression-free survival of 3.7 months with selinexor plus dexamethasone. This citation supports the selinexor result; the separate belantamab result is not attributed to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] 17. Lonial S, Lee HC, Badros A, et al. Belan- tamab mafodotin for relapsed or refracto- ry multiple myeloma (DREAMM-2): a two- arm, randomised, open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21: 207-21. source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Cross-trial comparisons of progression-free survival between the KarMMa study and trials of selinexor plus dexamethasone or belantamab mafodotin are valid.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Observed toxic effects were consistent with those in previous reports.11”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] 11. Raje N, Berdeja J, Lin Y, et al. Anti- BCMA CAR T-cell therapy bb2121 in re- lapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1726-37. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Safety; page unavailable) document the observed toxic effects. The Discussion compares them with previous studies, but reports a lower incidence of severe cytokine release syndrome with bb2121 and cautions that cross-study comparisons are complicated. It does not establish that the toxic effects were generally consistent with previous reports. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Duration of undetectable sBCMA correlated with response duration, and clearance of sBCMA at month 2 was associated with longer progression-free survival (Fig. S5E and S5F).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Figure 2 (facing page). Progression-free Survival, Duration of Response, and Overall Survival.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Soluble BCMA is a serum-based universal marker of myeloma burden.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with peak levels higher in patients having cytokine release syndrome of grade 3 or higher (Fig. S6).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Biomarkers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a somewhat higher frequency and somewhat greater depth of response were observed at the 450 × 10 6 dose (response in 81% of the pa-tients and complete response or better in 39%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At baseline, 110 of 112 tumor samples (98%) expressed BCMA, with 109 having at least 50% BCMA-positive plasma cells, and all the patients had detectable levels of sBCMA.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Figure 2 (facing page). Progression-free Survival, Duration of Response, and Overall Survival.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 112Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A response was observed in 73% of the treated patients, and a complete response or better was observed in 33%;”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Baseline cytokine levels were not associated with higher-grade cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxic effects.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Biomarkers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with an incidence of response to bridging therapy of 4%”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
- It may state two separate claims as one. 32
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In contrast, CD19 epitope loss is reported to be a relatively common escape mechanism after treatment with CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy, especially in patients with acute leukemia.18,19”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [18] 18. Cheng J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, et al. Un- derstanding the mechanisms of resis- tance to CAR T-cell therapy in malignan- cies. Front Oncol 2019; 9: 1237. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Tumor Factors section reports that loss of the targeted CD19 epitope enabled escape after anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed B-ALL. It also reports that target-antigen-negative relapse accounts for approximately 9–25% of B-ALL relapses, but does not establish that epitope loss specifically is relatively common or more common in acute leukemia than in other malignancies. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] 19. Badar T, Shah NN. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for acute lympho- blastic leukemia. Curr Treat Options On- col 2020; 21: 16. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among patients with persistent grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (52 patients) or thrombocytopenia (62 patients) 1 month after infusion, the median time to recovery to grade 2 or lower was 1.9 months (range, 1.2 to 5.6) and 2.1 months (range, 1.2 to 13.8), respectively”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Safety
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 52Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Kaplan-Meier estimated median progression-free survival was 8.8 months overall (95% CI, 5.6 to 11.6), 12.1 months (95% CI, 8.8 to 12.3) at the 450 × 10 6 dose, and 20.2 months (95% CI, 12.3 to could not be estimated) in patients having a complete or stringent complete response”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 128 treated patients had received a median of 6 previous antimyeloma regimens (range, 3 to 16), and 120 (94%) had received previous autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplants (Table 1).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Patients
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 128Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although high interpatient variability was observed at all doses, upper quartiles of exposure (area under the curve of the transgene level from time of dose to 28 days [AUC 0-28 days ]) were observed more frequently at the 450 × 10 6 dose (Fig. 3B).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Cellular Pharmacokinetic Profile and Immunogenicity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among treated patients, 5 were positive for antidrug antibodies before infusion.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Cellular Pharmacokinetic Profile and Immunogenicity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Baseline sBCMA levels were elevated in treated patients and de-creased rapidly after infusion in patients who had a response, with nadir values achieved within 3 months (Fig. 3A and Fig. S5B and S5C).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Biomarkers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Soluble BCMA is a serum-based universal marker of myeloma burden.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neurotoxic effects developed in 23 patients (18%) and were of grade 3 in 4 patients (3%); no neurotoxic effects higher than grade 3 occurred.”
- Also stated in: § Table 1. (Continued.) · plain
“Investigator-identified neurotoxic effects were reported in 23 patients (18%), of whom 4 (3%) had grade 3 events; no grade 4 or 5 neu-rotoxic effects were observed”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 128Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Table 1. (Continued.) · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The median time to first response was 1.0 month (range, 0.5 to 8.8); the median time to a complete response or better was 2.8 months (range, 1.0 to 11.8).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At doses of 150 × 10 6 , 300 × 10 6 , and 450 × 10 6 CAR+ T cells, neurotoxic effects of any grade were reported in 0 of 4 patients, 12 of 70 patients (17%), and 11 of 54 patients (20%), respectively, with grade 3 events in 0 patients, 1 patient (1%), and 3 patients (6%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Table 1. (Continued.)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 54Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Antidrug antibodies had no effect on the incidence of response or of complete response or better and had no noticeable effect on progression-free survival.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Cellular Pharmacokinetic Profile and Immunogenicity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The absence of a detectable effect of antidrug antibodies on efficacy is not due to insufficient statistical power.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Kaplan-Meier estimated median overall survival was 19.4 months (95% CI, 18.2 to could not be estimated), with an overall survival of 78% at 12 months (Fig. 2D).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exposures were higher in patients who had a response than in those who did not (Fig. S5A), and higher exposure was associated with deeper response and longer progression-free survival (Fig. 3C and 3D).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Cellular Pharmacokinetic Profile and Immunogenicity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Achievement of undetectable sBCMA levels increased with depth of response (17 of 27 pa-”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Biomarkers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Soluble BCMA is a serum-based universal marker of myeloma burden.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At doses of 150 × 10 6 , 300 × 10 6 , and 450 × 10 6 CAR+ T cells, cytokine release syndrome of any grade was observed in 2 of 4 patients (50%), 53 of 70 patients (76%), and 52 of 54 patients (96%), respectively, with cytokine release syndrome of grade 3 or higher observed in 0 patients, 4 patients (6%), and 3 patients (6%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Table 1. (Continued.)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Kaplan-Meier estimate for median duration of response was 10.7 months (95% CI, 9.0 to 11.3) overall and 11.3 months (95% CI, 10.3 to 11.4) at the 450 × 10 6 dose”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cytokine release syndrome was reported in 107 patients (84%), including 7 (5%) who had events of grade 3 or higher.”
- Also stated in: § Table 1. (Continued.) · plain
“Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 107 patients (84%) and was mostly of grade 1 or 2 (Table 2 and Table S10).Five patients (4%) had grade 3 cytokine release syndrome, 1 (<1%) had grade 4, and 1 (<1%) had grade 5 (300 × 10 6 dose level).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 128Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Table 1. (Continued.) · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infections occurred in 88 patients (69%) and were of grade 3 or 4 in 28 (22%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Safety
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 88Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“including many with a high tumor burden, high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, and extramedullary disease.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Common toxic effects among the 128 treated patients included neutropenia in 117 patients (91%), anemia in 89 (70%), and thrombocytopenia in 81 (63%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 128Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After disease progression, 28 patients were retreated with ide-cel (Table S4).Six patients (21%) had a second response, with durations of response ranging from 1.9 to 6.8 months; all the patients who had a response were retreated at a dose higher than their initial dose.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most grade 3 or 4 events were hematologic toxic effects, including neutropenia in 114 patients (89%), anemia in 77 (60%), and thrombocytopenia in 67 (52%), and were at least partially related to the lymphodepleting chemotherapy administered before ide-cel infusion.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Safety
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 114Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 44 treated patients (34%) died during the study, with most deaths (27) attributed by the investigator to complications of myeloma progression (Table S12).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Table 1. (Continued.)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 44Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Levels of proinflammatory markers, including cytokines, ferritin, and C-reactive protein, increased early after ide-cel infusion and decreased by month 1”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Biomarkers
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The response duration increased with the depth of response; the median response duration was 4.5 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 6.7), 10.4 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 11.3), and 19.0 months (95% CI, 11.3 to could not be estimated) in patients having a best response of partial response (27 patients), very good partial response (25 patients), and complete or stringent complete response (42 patients),”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the target doses of 150 × 10 6 , 300 × 10 6 , and 450 × 10 6 CAR+ T cells, a response was observed in 2 of 4 patients (50%), in 48 of 70 patients (69%), and in 44 of 54 patients (81%), respectively, and a complete response or better was observed in 1 of 4 patients (25%), in 20 of 70 patients (29%), and in 21 of 54 patients (39%).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Efficacy
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Five patients (4%) died after 6 months from unrelated adverse events, and an additional 8 patients (6%) died after disease progression.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Table 1. (Continued.)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 5Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative status (<10 -5 nucleated cells) was confirmed in 33 patients, representing 26% of all 128 patients who were treated and 79% of the 42 patients who had a complete response or better.”
- Also stated in: § Efficacy · plain
“Of the 42 patients with a complete or stringent complete response, 33 (79%) also had MRDnegative status at a sensitivity level of 10 -5 , corresponding to 26% (95% CI, 19 to 34) of the treated population; the remaining 9 patients (21%) could not be evaluated for MRD”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 33Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Efficacy · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“High-grade hematologic toxic effects were common but transient.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that MRDnegative responses occurred in approximately a quarter of the patients highlights the depth of response induced by ide-cel.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: MRD negativity at a sensitivity of 10^-5 is a valid measure of depth of response and clinical benefit.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study protocol was approved by local or independent institutional review boards or ethics committees at participating sites.All the patients provided written informed consent.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Study Oversight
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nearly all tumors expressed BCMA, a finding that supports the use of ide-cel in relapsed and refractory myeloma without restriction based on tumor BCMA expression.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: BCMA expression is required for ide-cel efficacy, so lack of tumor BCMA expression would limit its use.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The primary efficacy analysis was performed in the population of patients treated with ide-cel (128 patients).”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Statistical Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Between December 13, 2017, and November 13, 2018, a total of 140 patients were enrolled and underwent leukapheresis, of whom 128 received ide-cel infusions.Twelve patients discontinued the study before ide-cel infusion (including 1 patient who discontinued after unsuccessful manufacture of the CAR T-cell product)”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Patients
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 140Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was designed by the authors in conjunction with the sponsors and conducted in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines for Good Clinical Practice and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Study Oversight
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sample size for the primary end point (overall response) was based on a onesample binomial test with normal approximation, under the assumption of 15% dropout between the time of enrollment and ide-cel treatment.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Statistical Analysis
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Statistical tests were not performed on subgroup analyses.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Statistical Analysis
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The primary end point was an overall response (partial response or better), defined according to IMWG Uniform Response Criteria for Multiple Myeloma 12 as assessed by an independent review committee.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > End Points and Assessments
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MRD negativity was evaluated in bone marrow aspirates by next-generation sequencing (clonoSEQ, Adaptive Biotechnologies) with a minimum cutoff of 10 -5 nucleated cells.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > End Points and Assessments
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The actual doses delivered were within 20% of the target doses.”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > Study Design and Patients
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adverse events were graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE), version 4.03.Cytokine release syndrome was graded according to published criteria (Table S2).14”
§ Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma > End Points and Assessments
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Soluble BCMA is a serum-based universal marker of myeloma burden.
“Soluble BCMA was assessed as a serum-based universal marker of myeloma burden.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Cross-trial comparisons of progression-free survival between the KarMMa study and trials of selinexor plus dexamethasone or belantamab mafodotin are valid.
“These efficacy results compare favorably with results in similarly heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma treated with two recently approved regimens, selinexor plus dexamethasone and belantamab mafodotin (median progression-free survival, 3.7 months and 2.9 months, respectively).5,17”
The paper relies on this without support.
MRD negativity at a sensitivity of 10^-5 is a valid measure of depth of response and clinical benefit.
“The fact that MRDnegative responses occurred in approximately a quarter of the patients highlights the depth of response induced by ide-cel.”
The paper relies on this without support.
BCMA expression is required for ide-cel efficacy, so lack of tumor BCMA expression would limit its use.
“Nearly all tumors expressed BCMA, a finding that supports the use of ide-cel in relapsed and refractory myeloma without restriction based on tumor BCMA expression.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The absence of a detectable effect of antidrug antibodies on efficacy is not due to insufficient statistical power.
“Antidrug antibodies had no effect on the incidence of response or of complete response or better and had no noticeable effect on progression-free survival.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) are newly approved CAR-T products targeting BCMA that are active in relapsed refractory myeloma.89,90”
From Multiple myeloma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Safety of ide-cel remained consistent with the IA, with no parkinsonism, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or SPMs of T-cell origin reported. 13”
From Ide-cel vs standard regimens in triple-class-exposed relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: updated KarMMa-3 analyses. (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Common side effects such as CRS and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) were mostly low grade, indicating manageable toxicity.”
From Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [243]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The median duration of response (mDOR) was 11 months in patients achieving CR and 19 months in those achieving stringent complete response (sCR).”
From Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [243]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A number of BCMA-directed therapies, including belantamab mafodotin, idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel), ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) and teclistamab, have shown efficacy in clinical trials and are approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma4–9.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Median DOR and PFS were 10.7 months and 8.8 months, respectively, for ide-cel, and were both not reached for cilta-cel5,6.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although follow-up is still ongoing, among patients with ≥CR, DOR and PFS at 15 months with elranatamab were comparable to those observed with other BCMA-targeted T-cell-redirecting therapies, suggesting similar outcomes once a deep response is achieved5,24,25.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“High response rates have been reported with the BCMA chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, ide-cel and cilta-cel, with responses reported in 73% and 97% of treated patients, respectively.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In comparison to other BCMA-targeted T-cell-redirecting therapies, the rate of hematologic AEs with elranatamab was similar or lower after a similar follow-up4–6.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“CAR-T therapy requires that patients have access to specialized care centers and can wait the minimum 4-week period for production, which can result in attrition rates of approximately 10 to 15%,6-8”
From Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Among 128 patients with relapsed refractory myeloma treated on a phase II trial, ide-cel was associated with a response rate of 73%.89 Thirty three percent of patients had a complete response or better. The median PFS was 8.8 months.”
From Multiple myeloma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Cytokine release syndrome was seen in 84%, and 5% were grade 3 or higher. Neurotoxicity was seen in 18%, and was grade 3 in 3%.”
From Multiple myeloma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown promising ef fi cacy in patients with TCE R/RMM. 13-21”
From Ide-cel vs standard regimens in triple-class-exposed relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: updated KarMMa-3 analyses. (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the KarMMa study involving 128 patients with RRMM, the overall response rate (ORR) to a single infusion of Abecma was 73%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 33%.”
From Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [243]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Abecma has demonstrated the ability to induce rapid, deep, and long-lasting remissions with just one infusion, providing a new and effective personalized therapy option for MM patients [227, 243, 258, 259].”
From Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [243]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In contrast, higher-grade cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxic events have been described after CAR-T administration in patients with multiple myeloma.6,8”
From Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Similarly, patients with advanced disease stage (R-ISS stage III) have consistently shown poorer outcomes irrespective of the therapy received4–6,19–22.”
From Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Recently approved therapies such as selinexor, 9 belantamab mafodotin, 10 idecabtagene vicleucel, 11 and ciltacabtagene autoleucel 12 have had clinical benefit in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.”
From Talquetamab, a T-Cell–Redirecting GPRC5D Bispecific Antibody for Multiple Myeloma (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
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Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in 2020/2021 and Beyond
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“Of note, responses were independent of age or risk, and included patients with extramedullary, triple-or penta-refractory disease [41].”
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Self-citationCAR‐T cell therapy in hematological malignancies: Where are we now and where are we heading for?
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“8,9 Despite the significant advancements and progress made in CAR-T therapy field, numerous clinical and technical challenges exist that restrict the extension of the therapy beyond B-cell malignancies.”
BackgroundTouzeau, C., Krishnan, A. Y., Moreau, P., Perrot, A., Usmani, S. Z., Manier, S., Cavo, M., Chamorro, C. M., Nooka, A. K., Martin, T. G., et al. (2024) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2023023616 · Cited by 71
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Tumor buster - where will the CAR-T cell therapy ‘missile’ go?
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Deconvolution of clinical variance in CAR-T cell pharmacology and response
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Risk of infections with B-cell maturation antigen-directed immunotherapy in multiple myeloma
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“Currently, high-dose IL-2 is used to expand the BCMA-CAR products that are being investigated in most clinical studies [5,6,8,19].”
BackgroundInfluentialDelforge, M., Shah, N. D., Miguel, J. F. S., Braverman, J., Dhanda, D. S., Shi, L., Guo, S., Yu, P., Liao, W., Campbell, T., et al. (2021) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005913 · Cited by 65
“Ide-cel showed a manageable tolerability profile, with a 5% incidence of grade $3 cytokine release syndrome and 3% incidence of investigator-identified neurotoxicity.(12)”
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“For BCMA targeted CAR-T therapies, CRS occurred within 1-7 days after infusion (98, 99).”
BackgroundCAR-T cell therapy for hematological malignancies: Limitations and optimization strategies
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“Currently, the major approved CAR-T cell therapy targets are B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) for multiple myeloma (MM) (5) and CD19 for various lymphoid malignancies including B-ALL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (6–9).”
BackgroundNon-viral chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells going viral
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“The characteristics, clinical responses and prior therapies of the patients are shown in table 1.”
Idecabtagene Vicleucel (ide-cel) CAR T-cell Therapy for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma
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CAR T-Cell Therapy for Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Current Evidence and Challenges
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“8 months, respectively.(14) The 16month gap between PFS and OS suggests favorable survival outcomes after progression of disease.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCAR-T cell therapy: Where are we now, and where are we heading?
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“However, most individuals relapse within 2 years after treatment, especially if residual disease can be detected in the months following CAR T cell infusion 2–4 , Immunoparesis is a cornerstone in the pathogenesis of MM and is pronounced in RRMM 22–24 .”
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Patient selection for CAR T or BiTE therapy in multiple myeloma: Which treatment for each patient?
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“6%) patients could not receive the CAR T product because of progressive disease, patient withdrawal, manufacturing issues or a decision of the treating physician [61].”
BackgroundSelf-citationKumar, S., Baizer, L., Callander, N. S., Giralt, S. A., Hillengass, J., Freidlin, B., Hoering, A., Richardson, P. G., Schwartz, E. I., Reiman, A., et al. (2022) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-022-00695-5 · Cited by 62
“relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma after 4 or more prior therapies [55].”
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Antigen escape as a shared mechanism of resistance to BCMA-directed therapies in multiple myeloma
Firestone, R., Socci, N. D., Shekarkhand, T., Zhu, M., Qin, W. G., Hultcrantz, M. L., Mailankody, S., Tan, C. R. C., Korde, N., Lesokhin, A. M., et al. (2024) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2023023557 · Cited by 72
Balancing Quality, Cost, and Access During Delivery of Newer Cellular and Immunotherapy Treatments
Geethakumari, P. R., Ramasamy, D. P., Dholaria, B., Berdeja, J. G., & Kansagra, A. J. (2021) · Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports · doi:10.1007/s11899-021-00635-3 · Cited by 67
Self-citationBove, C., Arcangeli, S., Falcone, L., Camisa, B., Khoury, R. E., Greco, B. M., Lucia, A. D., Bergamini, A., Bondanza, A., Ciceri, F., et al. (2023) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2022-005878 · Cited by 64
Prospects and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy combined with ICIs
Lv, Y., Luo, X., Xie, Z., Qiu, J.-Y., Yang, J., Deng, Y., Long, R., Tang, G., Zhang, C., & Zuo, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1368732 · Cited by 62
CAR T-Cell Therapy in Hematologic Malignancies: Clinical Role, Toxicity, and Unanswered Questions
Gill, S. I., & Brudno, J. N. (2021) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_320085 · Cited by 63
Cheng, E. L., Cardle, I. I., Kacherovsky, N. A., Bansia, H., Wang, T., Zhou, Y., Raman, J., Yen, A., Gutierrez, D., Salipante, S. J., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.2c05349 · Cited by 60
Bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma treatment: A journey in progress
Cho, S., Yeh, T., Anderson, K. C., & Tai, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1032775 · Cited by 63
“Some patients with a rapid progression of MM may need bridging therapy or to withdraw in favor of another available treatment (91, 92).”
BackgroundEmerging Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma
Davis, L. N., & Sherbenou, D. W. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13071686 · Cited by 63
Two for one: targeting BCMA and CD19 in B-cell malignancies with off-the-shelf dual-CAR NK-92 cells
Roex, G., Campillo-Davó, D., Flumens, D., Shaw, P. A. G., Krekelbergh, L., Reu, H. D., Berneman, Z. N., Lion, E., & Anguille, S. (2022) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03326-6 · Cited by 62
Claudin 18.2 as a New Biomarker in Gastric Cancer—What Should We Know?
Mathias-Machado, M. C., de Jesus, V. H. F., Jacome, A. A. D. A., Donadio, M. D. S., Aruquipa, M. P. S., de Farias, J. P. F., Cunha, R., Silva, L. M. D., & Peixoto, R. D. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16030679 · Cited by 70
Bispecific T‐cell engagers for treatment of multiple myeloma
Ravi, G., & Costa, L. J. (2022) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.26628 · Cited by 61
“far, have exclusively targeted BCMA and are discussed elsewhere in this issue.(57,58) While a direct comparison between TCE and CAR-T is unlikely to take place, it appears that CAR-T cells yield higher rates of”
BackgroundEngineering chimeric antigen receptor T cells for solid tumour therapy
Liu, L., Qu, Y., Cheng, L., Yoon, C. W., He, P., Monther, A., Guo, T., Chittle, S. J., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.1141 · Cited by 61
Hammons, L. R., Szabó, A., Janardan, A., Bhatlapenumarthi, V., Annyapu, E., Dhakal, B., Hadidi, S. A., Radhakrishnan, S. V., Narra, R. K., Bhutani, D., et al. (2023) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2023.283590 · Cited by 61
Kampouri, E., Ibrahimi, S. S., Xie, H., Wong, E. R., Hecht, J., Sekhon, M. K., Vo, A., Stevens‐Ayers, T., Green, D. J., Gauthier, J., et al. (2023) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciad708 · Cited by 63
“Although the epidemiology of CMV reactivation after BCMA-CARTx has not been previously assessed to our knowledge, other studies demonstrate a higher incidence of viral infections than in CD19-CARTx recipients [8, 31–34].”
BackgroundResultEngineering immune-evasive allogeneic cellular immunotherapies
Martin, K. E., Hammer, Q., Perica, K., Sadelain, M., & Malmberg, K. (2024) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01022-8 · Cited by 64
“To date, this success has primarily relied on autologous T cells, sourced from patients and engineered to express CARs that target a select group of tumour antigens, such as the CD19 transmembrane protein 2,3 , and BCMA (also known as TNFRSF17) 4–6 .”
Novel strategies to manage CAR-T cell toxicity
Mulvey, A., Trueb, L., Coukos, G., & Arber, C. (2025) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-024-01100-5 · Cited by 69
“…1–4 , primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma 1,3 , acute B cell lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) in children and adults 5–7 , mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) 8 , follicular lymphoma 1,3,9,10 , multiple myeloma 11–13 and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) 14 (Table 1), and more are expected in the future.”
Almawash, S. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17050880 · Cited by 69
Modulating tumor physical microenvironment for fueling CAR-T cell therapy
Luo, Z. Y., Yao, X., Li, M., Fang, D., Fei, Y., Cheng, Z., Xu, Y., & Zhu, B. (2022) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2022.114301 · Cited by 59
The Next Generation of Cellular Immunotherapy: Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Natural Killer Cells
Moscarelli, J. R., Zahavi, D. J., Maynard, R. E., & Weiner, L. M. (2022) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2022.06.025 · Cited by 59
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“The first BCMA-specific Ab drug conjugate (ADC) belantamab mafodotin was approved by FDA to treat heavily pretreated RRMM in 2020 [7], quickly followed by the approval of the anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapies idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) [8, 9] and ciltacabtagene autoleucel [10], as well as the…”
BackgroundSelf-citationCamviel, N., Wolf, B., Croce, G., Gfeller, D., Zoete, V., & Arber, C. (2022) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2022-005091 · Cited by 57
The BAFF-APRIL System in Cancer
Ullah, M. A., & Mackay, F. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15061791 · Cited by 60
Chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer cells for cancer therapy
Zhang, Y., Zhou, W., Yang, J., Yang, J., & Wang, W. (2023) · Experimental Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1186/s40164-023-00431-0 · Cited by 58
“CD19 (four products) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) (two products) are the two primary antigens targeted by CAR-T cells to treat relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell-derived leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma [9, 13, 16–21].”
BackgroundHuang, Y., Shao, M., Teng, X., Si, X., Wu, L., Jiang, P., Liu, L., Cai, B., Wang, X., Han, Y., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101400 · Cited by 63
How to Treat High-Risk Myeloma at Diagnosis and Relapse
Caro, J., Hadidi, S. A., Usmani, S. Z., Yee, A. J., Raje, N. S., & Davies, F. E. (2021) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_320105 · Cited by 58
Self-citationPeinelt, A., Bremm, M., Kreyenberg, H., Cappel, C., Banisharif-Dehkordi, J., Erben, S., Rettinger, E., Jarisch, A., Meisel, R., Schlegel, P., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.830773 · Cited by 62
Clinical development of immuno-oncology therapeutics
Wang, J., Chen, Q., Shan, Q., Liang, T., Forde, P. M., & Zheng, L. (2025) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2025.217616 · Cited by 60
Girgis, S., Lin, S. X. W., Pillarisetti, K., Verona, R. I., Vieyra, D. S., Casneuf, T., Fink, D., Miao, X., Chen, Y., Stephenson, T., et al. (2022) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007625 · Cited by 55
Engineering strategies to safely drive CAR T-cells into the future
Rossi, M., & Breman, E. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411393 · Cited by 68
Aharon, A., Horn, G., Bar-Lev, T. H., Yohay, E. Z., Waks, T., Levin, M., Deshet‐Unger, N., Avivi, I. M., & Levin, A. G. (2021) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2021.192 · Cited by 55
Optimizing the manufacturing and antitumour response of CAR T therapy
Liu, Y., Sperling, A. S., Smith, E. L., & Mooney, D. J. (2023) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-023-00031-x · Cited by 60
Bispecific Antibodies in Hematological Malignancies: A Scoping Review
Omer, M. H., Shafqat, A., Ahmad, O., AlKattan, K. M., Yaqinuddin, A., & Damlaj, M. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15184550 · Cited by 60
Fueling CARs: metabolic strategies to enhance CAR T-cell therapy
der Vreken, A. V., Vanderkerken, K., Bruyne, E. D., Veirman, K. D., Breckpot, K., & Menu, E. (2024) · Experimental Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1186/s40164-024-00535-1 · Cited by 61
Dewaker, V., Morya, V. K., Kim, Y. H., Park, S. T., Kim, H. S., & Koh, Y. H. (2025) · Biomarker Research · doi:10.1186/s40364-025-00764-4 · Cited by 62
Clinical management of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma treated with talquetamab
Chari, A., Krishnan, A., Rasche, L., Ye, J. C., Garfall, A., Popat, R., Lipe, B., Qin, X., Campagna, M., Masterson, T., et al. (2024) · Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia · doi:10.1016/j.clml.2024.05.003 · Cited by 53
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Markouli, M., Ullah, F., Unlu, S., Omar, N., Lopetegui-Lia, N., Duco, M. R., Anwer, F., Raza, S., & Dima, D. (2023) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol30070467 · Cited by 51
“In KarMMa, 18% of patients developed NT with 3% being grade 3 [30].”
BackgroundInfluentialCD8 effector T cells enhance teclistamab response in BCMA-exposed and -naïve multiple myeloma
Firestone, R., McAvoy, D. P., Shekarkhand, T., Serrano, E., Hamadeh, I. S., Wang, A., Zhu, M., Qin, W. G., Patel, D., Tan, C. R. C., et al. (2023) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011225 · Cited by 53
Dima, D., Abdallah, A.-O. A., Davis, J. A., Awada, H., Goel, U., Rashid, A., Dejarnette, S., Anwer, F., Shune, L., Raza, S., et al. (2024) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-024-01068-w · Cited by 54
Impact of extramedullary multiple myeloma on outcomes with idecabtagene vicleucel
Zanwar, S., Sidana, S., Shune, L. O., Puglianini, O. A. C., Pasvolsky, O., Gonzalez, R. M., Dima, D., Afrough, A., Kaur, G., Davis, J. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-024-01555-4 · Cited by 59
Self-citationRecent updates on allogeneic CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies
Mansoori, S., Noei, A., Maali, A., Seyed-Motahari, S. S., & Sharifzadeh, Z. (2024) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-024-03479-y · Cited by 57
“Approximately 10–20% of patients fail to respond to the autologous CAR-T cell therapy [16–20].”
BackgroundFandrei, D., Seiffert, S., Rade, M., Rieprecht, S., Gagelmann, N., Born, P., Wiemers, T. C., Weidner, H., Kreuz, M., Schassberger, T., et al. (2024) · Blood Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-24-0118 · Cited by 53
Epidemiology, genetics and treatment of multiple myeloma and precursor diseases
Hemminki, K., Försti, A., Houlston, R. S., & Sud, A. (2021) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.33762 · Cited by 61
“In the absence of a clinical trial, dependent on approval and access, novel approaches such as nuclear export inhibition,(201) pan-deacetylase inhibition,(202) an anti-SLAMF7 antibody,(203) bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies,(204) antibody-drug conjugates(205) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy are curren…”
BackgroundZhou, X., Rasche, L., Kortüm, K. M., Mersi, J., & Einsele, H. (2022) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2020.266841 · Cited by 59
“out of 71 patients (4%) at progression in the KarMMa study investigating ide-cel (51).”
BackgroundSelf-citationToxicities following CAR-T therapy for hematological malignancies
Hernani, R., Benzaquen, A. O., & Solano, C. (2022) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102479 · Cited by 55
The emerging therapeutic landscape of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Tanenbaum, B., Miett, T., & Patel, S. A. (2022) · Annals of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s00277-022-05058-5 · Cited by 57
Overview of approved CAR-T products and utility in clinical practice
Bhaskar, S., Dholaria, B., Savani, B. N., Sengsayadeth, S. M., & Oluwole, O. O. (2024) · Clinical Hematology International · doi:10.46989/001c.124277 · Cited by 67
Hansen, D. K., Peres, L. C., Dima, D., Richards, A. C., Shune, L. O., Afrough, A., Midha, S., Dhakal, B., Kocoglu, M. H., Atrash, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco-24-01730 · Cited by 55
Self-citationChimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cells: A Pharmaceutical Scope
Hernández-López, A., Téllez‐González, M. A., Mondragón‐Terán, P., & Meneses‐Acosta, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.720692 · Cited by 52
Challenges and Advances in Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Marvin‐Peek, J., Savani, B. N., Oluwole, O. O., & Dholaria, B. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14030497 · Cited by 52
“CD38 is known for its expression on plasma cells [1] However, it is also expressed by other lymphoid cells as occasionally myeloid cells.”
BackgroundHadidi, S. A., Schinke, C., Thanendrarajan, S., Zangari, M., & van Rhee, F. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.8161 · Cited by 51
“(%) Enrolled set Safety analysis set Efficacy analysis set Tisagenlecleucel, Maude et al4 August 30, 2017 Patients up to age 25 y with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia that is refractory or in second or later relapse 88 (100) 68 (100) 63 (100) NR Asian: 10 (11) Asian: 6 (9) Asian: 6 (10) White: 65 (74) Wh…”
Access to and affordability of CAR T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma: an EBMT position paper
Gagelmann, N., Sureda, A. M., Montoto, S., Murray, J., Bolaños, N., Kenyon, M., Beksaç, M., Schönland, S. O., Hayden, P. J., Scheurer, H., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Haematology · doi:10.1016/s2352-3026(22)00226-5 · Cited by 53
Adoptive Cell Therapy for Nonhematologic Solid Tumors
Olson, D. J., & Odunsi, K. O. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.22.01618 · Cited by 53
El-Cheikh, J., Moukalled, N., Malard, F., Bazarbachi, A., & Mohty, M. (2023) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-023-00849-z · Cited by 49
“No cardiac failure was reported with Idecabtagene vicleucel in the KarMMa trial [44].”
BackgroundSidana, S., Peres, L. C., Hashmi, H., Hosoya, H., Ferreri, C. J., Khouri, J., Dima, D., Atrash, S., Voorhees, P. M., Simmons, G. L., et al. (2023) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2023.283940 · Cited by 54
“and second, this cut-off was more closely aligned with exclusion critiera of the pivotal KarMMa clinical trial.(6) We also conducted a sub-group analysis for creatinine clearance cut-off of < 45”
MethodResultSelf-citationLetouzé, É., Moreau, P., Munshi, N. C., Samur, M., Minvielle, S., & Touzeau, C. (2024) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012354 · Cited by 53
“45 Finally, 2 studies reported down-modulation of interferon gamma signaling as an acquired mechanism of resistance to HER2-targeting TCE in gastric and breast cell lines, conferring resistance to killing by active T lymphocytes.”
BackgroundSelf-citationComparison of infectious complications with BCMA-directed therapies in multiple myeloma
Nath, K., Shekarkhand, T., Nemirovsky, D., Derkach, A., Costa, B., Nishimura, N., Farzana, T., Rueda, C., Chung, D., Landau, H., et al. (2024) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-024-01043-5 · Cited by 31
Carretero-Iglesia, L., Hall, O. J., Berret, J., Pais, D., Estoppey, C., Chimen, M., Monney, T., Loyau, J., Dreyfus, C., Macoin, J., et al. (2024) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-024-00821-1 · Cited by 56
“Patients with great DOR remained longer in remission than minimal residual disease (MRD)-positive patients 4,43,44 .”
Self-citationHan, M. W., Jeong, S. Y., Suh, C. H., Park, H., Guenette, J. P., Huang, R. Y., Kim, K. W., & Yoon, D. H. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1392831 · Cited by 57
“%) were phase 1 trials, 21 (4, 5, 15, 17, 42, 43, 51, 54, 57, 59, 65, 67, 68, 82–86, 88, 89, 91) (28.0”
BackgroundInfluentialVoorhees, T. J., Zhao, B., Oldan, J. D., Hucks, G., Khandani, A. H., Dittus, C. E., Smith, J. K., Morrison, J. K., Cheng, C. J. A., Ivanova, A., et al. (2021) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005385 · Cited by 50
“Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells represent an effective therapy option for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and most recently for patients with r/r multiple myeloma.(1-4) Our group recently evaluated the efficacy of CD30.”
BackgroundNK Cells Armed with Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR): Roadblocks to Successful Development
Dezfouli, A. B., Yazdi, M., Pockley, A. G., Khosravi, M., Kobold, S., Wagner, E., & Multhoff, G. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10123390 · Cited by 53
“In 2021, B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CAR T cells were approved for treating multiple myeloma (MM) [10].”
BackgroundAccess to CAR T-cell therapy: Focus on diversity, equity and inclusion
Odstrcil, M. S., Lee, C. J., Sobieski, C., Weisdorf, D., & Couriel, D. (2024) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2023.101136 · Cited by 50
Recognizing, defining, and managing CAR-T hematologic toxicities
Rejeski, K., Subklewe, M. S., & Locke, F. L. (2023) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/hematology.2023000472 · Cited by 52
Strategies to overcome tumour relapse caused by antigen escape after CAR T therapy
Lu, Y., & Fu, Z. (2025) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-025-02334-6 · Cited by 58
Meng, J., Wu, X., Sun, Z., Xun, R., Liu, M., Hu, R., & Huang, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.698607 · Cited by 48
“Nastoupil 2020 298 60 (21-83) 203 DLBCL, 76 tFL, 19 PMBCL axi-cel CR: 175/ 275 PR: 50/175 Lugano CRS: 19/275 ICANS: 85/ 275 CARTOX, Lee/ CARTOX, CTCAE 4.”
InfluentialCobb, D. A., de Rossi, J., Liu, L., An, E., & Lee, D. W. (2022) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-003816 · Cited by 51
“T cells are changing the treatment paradigm for many hematologic cancers, 1–6 CAR-T cells as a viable therapeutic strategy against solid tumors has been met with challenges resulting in a lack of major advancement.”
Hoogland, A. I., Barata, A., Logue, J., Kommalapati, A., Hyland, K. A., Nelson, A. M., Eisel, S. L., Small, B. J., James, B. W., Christy, S. M., et al. (2022) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2022.03.023 · Cited by 51
CAR-T-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Development of CAR-T Anti-Tumor Therapy
Pagotto, S., Simeone, P., Brocco, D., Catitti, G., Bellis, D. D., Vespa, S., Pietro, N. D., Marinelli, L., Stefano, A. D., Veschi, S., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15041052 · Cited by 53
“It is the first anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy that was approved by the FDA (March 2021), used for the treatment of R/R MM after fourth-line or more therapies [69,79].”
MethodDavis, J. A., Sborov, D. W., Wesson, W., Julian, K. L., Abdallah, A.-O. A., McGuirk, J. P., Ahmed, N., & Hashmi, H. (2023) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2023.05.012 · Cited by 50
Metadata
- Authors
- Munshi, N. C., Anderson, L. D., Shah, N., Madduri, D., Berdeja, J., Lonial, S., Raje, N., Lin, Y., Siegel, D., Oriol, A., Moreau, P., Yakoub-Agha, I., Delforge, M., Cavo, M., Einsele, H., Goldschmidt, H., Weisel, K., Rambaldi, A., Reece, D., Petrocca, F., Massaro, M., Connarn, J. N., Kaiser, S., Patel, P., Huang, L., Campbell, T. B., Hege, K., & San-Miguel, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Hackensack University Medical Center (US)
- From the Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute (N.C.M.), the Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School (N.C.M.), and Massachusetts General Hospital (N.R.), Boston, and bluebird bio, Cambridge (F.P., M.M.) — all in Massachusetts; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.D.A.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (N.S.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York ...
- ORCID
- Munshi, Nikhil C.
- Anderson, Larry D.
- Shah, Nina
- Madduri, Deepu
- Berdeja, Jesús
- Lonial, Sagar
- Raje, Noopur
- Lin, Yi
- Siegel, David
- Oriol, Albert
- Moreau, Philippe
- Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim
- Delforge, Michel
- Einsele, Hermann
- Goldschmidt, Hartmut
- Weisel, Katja
- Rambaldi, Alessandro
- Reece, Donna
- Petrocca, Fabio
- Connarn, Jamie N.
- Kaiser, Shari
- Patel, Payal
- Huang, Liping
- Campbell, Timothy B.
- Hege, Kristen
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-02-25
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 705-716
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W3133229959
- Semantic Scholar
- fd96e2f87dff7d1153a17b78b56fbbab69cb714e
- Cited by
- 2,560
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 411 · 2025: 486 · 2024: 540 · 2023: 493 · 2022: 436 · 2021: 186
- FWCI
- 150.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › CAR-T cell therapy research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Keywords
- idecabtagene vicleucel, CAR T-cell therapy, relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, BCMA, minimal residual disease, cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, CAR T cell persistence, progression-free survival, complete response, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, chimeric antigen receptor T cells
- MeSH terms
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen, Progression-Free Survival, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Adult, Aged, Female, Hematologic Diseases, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma, Recurrence, Biomarkers, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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