Bamlanivimab plus Etesevimab in Mild or Moderate Covid-19
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with underlying medical conditions are at increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Whereas vaccine-derived immunity develops over time, neutralizing monoclonal-antibody treatment provides immediate, passive immunity and may limit disease progression and complications. METHODS: In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, a cohort of ambulatory patients with mild or moderate Covid-19 who were at high risk for progression to severe disease to receive a single intravenous infusion of either a neutralizing monoclonal-antibody combination agent (2800 mg of bamlanivimab and 2800 mg of etesevimab, administered together) or placebo within 3 days after a laboratory diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The primary outcome was the overall clinical status of the patients, defined as Covid-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause by day 29. RESULTS: A total of 1035 patients underwent randomization and received an infusion of bamlanivimab-etesevimab or placebo. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 53.8±16.8 years, and 52.0% were adolescent girls or women. By day 29, a total of 11 of 518 patients (2.1%) in the bamlanivimab-etesevimab group had a Covid-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause, as compared with 36 of 517 patients (7.0%) in the placebo group (absolute risk difference, -4.8 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.4 to -2.3; relative risk difference, 70%; P<0.001). No deaths occurred in the bamlanivimab-etesevimab group; in the placebo group, 10 deaths occurred, 9 of which were designated by the trial investigators as Covid-19-related. At day 7, a greater reduction from baseline in the log viral load was observed among patients who received bamlanivimab plus etesevimab than among those who received placebo (difference from placebo in the change from baseline, -1.20; 95% CI, -1.46 to -0.94; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among high-risk ambulatory patients, bamlanivimab plus etesevimab led to a lower incidence of Covid-19-related hospitalization and death than did placebo and accelerated the decline in the SARS-CoV-2 viral load. (Funded by Eli Lilly; BLAZE-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04427501.).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cocktails of casirivimab and imdevimab and of etesevimab and bamlanivimab are currently used for COVID-19 therapy.
“cocktails of casirivimab and imdevimab (REGN-COV2, Regeneron) (Weinreich et al., 2021) and etesevimab and bamlanivimab (Eli Lilly) (Dougan et al., 2021) are currently used for COVID-19 therapy”
From The Omicron variant is highly resistant against antibody-mediated neutralization: Implications for control of the COVID-19 pandemic (2022) · cites this paper as Dougan et al., 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246 · see citing works
Self-citationZhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3 · Cited by 27,263 · see citing works
Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19
The RECOVERY Collaborative Group (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2021436 · Cited by 11,477 · see citing works
Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Final Report
Beigel, J. H., Tomashek, K. M., Dodd, L. E., Mehta, A. K., Zingman, B. S., Kalil, A. C., Hohmann, E., Chu, H. Y., Luetkemeyer, A., Kline, S., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2007764 · Cited by 7,267 · see citing works
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus
Li, W., Moore, M. J., Vasilieva, N., Sui, J., Wong, S. K., Berne, M. A., Somasundaran, M., Sullivan, J. L., Luzuriaga, K., Greenough, T. C., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02145 · Cited by 5,923 · see citing works
Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19
Carfì, A., Bernabei, R., Landi, F., & for the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12603 · Cited by 4,561 · see citing works
Garg, S., Kim, L., Whitaker, M., O’Halloran, A., Cummings, C., Holstein, R., Prill, M., Chai, S. J., Kirley, P. D., Alden, N. B., et al. (2020) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e3 · Cited by 2,335 · see citing works
Berlin, D., Gulick, R. M., & Martínez, F. J. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp2009575 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Halpin, S. J., McIvor, C., Whyatt, G., Adams, A., Harvey, O., McLean, L., Walshaw, C., Kemp, S., Corrado, J., Singh, R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26368 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
Self-citationA human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2
Shi, R., Shan, C., Duan, X., Chen, Z., Liu, P., Song, J., Song, T., Bi, X., Han, C., Wu, L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2381-y · Cited by 1,286 · see citing works
Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia
Salama, C., Han, J., Yau, L., Reiss, W. G., Krämer, B., Neidhart, J. D., Criner, G. J., Kaplan‐Lewis, E., Baden, R. P., Pandit, L. M., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2030340 · Cited by 1,285 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody LY-CoV555 in Outpatients with Covid-19
Chen, P., Nirula, A., Heller, B., Gottlieb, R. L., Boscia, J., Morris, J., Huhn, G., Cardona, J., Mocherla, B., Stosor, V., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2029849 · Cited by 1,282 · see citing works
Self-citationHydroxychloroquine with or without Azithromycin in Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19
Cavalcanti, A. B., Zampieri, F. G., Rosa, R. G., Azevedo, L. C. P., Veiga, V. C., Avezum, Á., Damiani, L. P., Marcadenti, A., Kawano-Dourado, L. B., Lisboa, T. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2019014 · Cited by 1,082 · see citing works
COVID-19 and comorbidities: Deleterious impact on infected patients
Ejaz, H., Alsrhani, A., Zafar, A., Javed, H., Junaid, K., Abdalla, A. E., Abosalif, K. O. A., Ahmed, Z., & Younas, S. (2020) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.014 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
Evidence of escape of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 from natural and vaccine-induced sera
Zhou, D., Dejnirattisai, W., Supasa, P., Liu, C., Mentzer, A. J., Ginn, H. M., Zhao, Y., Duyvesteyn, H. M. E., Tuekprakhon, A., Nutalai, R., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.037 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
Chen, R. E., Zhang, X., Case, J. B., Winkler, E. S., Liu, Y., VanBlargan, L. A., Liu, J., Errico, J. M., Xie, X., Suryadevara, N., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01294-w · Cited by 881 · see citing works
Gottlieb, R., Nirula, A., Chen, P., Boscia, J., Heller, B. N., Morris, J., Huhn, G. D., Cardona, J., Mocherla, B., Stosor, V., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.0202 · Cited by 857 · see citing works
Self-citationReceptor binding and priming of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for membrane fusion
Benton, D. J., Wrobel, A. G., Xu, P., Roustan, C., Martin, S. R., Rosenthal, P. B., Skehel, J. J., & Gamblin, S. J. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2772-0 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
Long-term Health Consequences of COVID-19
del Rı́o, C., Collins, L. F., & Malani, P. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.19719 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Chen, R., Liang, W., Jiang, M., Guan, W., Zhan, C., Wang, T., Tang, C., Sang, L., Liu, J., Ni, Z., et al. (2020) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.010 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Piroth, L., Cottenet, J., Mariet, A., Bonniaud, P., Blot, M., Tubert‐Bitter, P., & Quantin, C. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30527-0 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Kim, L., WHITAKER, M. D., O’Halloran, A. C., Kambhampati, A. K., Chai, S. J., Reingold, A. L., Armistead, I., Kawasaki, B., Meek, J. I., Yousey-Hindes, K. M., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6932e3 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Clinical Characteristics of Patients Who Died of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China
Xie, J., Tong, Z., Guan, X., Du, B., & Qiu, H. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5619 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Joyner, M. J., Senefeld, J. W., Klassen, S. A., Mills, J. R., Johnson, P. W., Theel, E. S., Wiggins, C. C., Bruno, K. A., Klompas, A. M., Lesser, E. R., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.08.12.20169359 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
COVID-19 and Cancer: a Comprehensive Review
Gosain, R., Abdou, Y. G., Singh, A., Rana, N. K., Puzanov, I. J., & Ernstoff, M. S. (2020) · Current Oncology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11912-020-00934-7 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Chidambaram, V., Tun, N. L., Haque, W. Z., Majella, M. G., Sivakumar, R. K., Kumar, A., Hsu, A. T., Ishak, I. A., Nur, A. A., Ayeh, S. K., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241541 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Cates, J., Lucero-Obusan, C. A., Dahl, R. M., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6942e3 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Monoclonal Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases — Borrowing from History
Marston, H. D., Paules, C. I., & Fauci, A. S. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp1802256 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [27]Jones BE, Brown-Augsburger PL, Corbett KS, et al. LY-CoV555, a rapidly isolated potent neutralizing antibody, provides protection in a non-human primate model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. October 1, 2020 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33024963/). preprint.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-Risk, Nonhospitalized Adults with Covid-19
Hammond, J., Leister-Tebbe, H., Gardner, A., Abreu, P., Bao, W., Wisemandle, W., Baniecki, M., Hendrick, V. M., Damle, B., Simón-Campos, A., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2118542 · Cited by 2,323 · see citing works
Hoffmann, M., Krüger, N., Schulz, S., Cossmann, A., Rocha, C., Kempf, A., Nehlmeier, I., Graichen, L., Moldenhauer, A.-S., Winkler, M. S., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.032 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Gruell, H., Vanshylla, K., Tober-Lau, P., Hillus, D., Schommers, P., Lehmann, C., Kurth, F., Sander, L. E., & Klein, F. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01676-0 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Shan, S., Luo, S., Yang, Z., Hong, J., Su, Y., Ding, F., Fu, L., Li, C., Chen, P., Ma, J., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2122954119 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationKent, S. J., Khoury, D. S., Reynaldi, A., Juno, J. A., Wheatley, A. K., Stadler, E., John Wherry, E., Triccas, J., Sasson, S. C., Cromer, D., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-022-00716-1 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Siemieniuk, R. A., Bartoszko, J. J., Díaz Martinez, J. P., Kum, E., Qasim, A., Zeraatkar, D., Izcovich, A., Mangala, S., Ge, L., Han, M. A., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n2231 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dougan, M., Nirula, A., Azizad, M., Mocherla, B., Gottlieb, R. L., Chen, P., Hebert, C., Perry, R., Boscia, J., Heller, B., Morris, J., Crystal, C., Igbinadolor, A., Huhn, G., Cardona, J., Shawa, I., Kumar, P., Adams, A. C., Van Naarden, J., Custer, K. L., Durante, M., Oakley, G., Schade, A. E., Holzer, T. R., Ebert, P. J., Higgs, R. E., Kallewaard, N. L., Sabo, J., Patel, D. R., Dabora, M. C., Klekotka, P., Shen, L., & Skovronsky, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- From Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M. Dougan); Eli Lilly (A.N., A.C.A., J.V.N., K.L.C., M. Durante, G.O., A.E.S., T.R.H., P.J.E., R.E.H., N.L.K., J.S., D.R.P., M.C.D., P. Klekotka, L.S., D.M.S.), and Franciscan Health (I.S.) — both in Indianapolis; Valley Clinical Trials–Northridge, Northridge (M.A.), the Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars–Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (P.C.), and Long Beach Clinical Trials, Long Beach (B.H.) — all in California; the Las Vegas Medical Research Center, Las Vegas (B.M.); Baylor University Medical Center and Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (R.L.G.), and Gadolin Research, Beaumont (R.P.) — both in Texas; NOLA Research Works, New Orleans (C.H.), and Clinical Trials of Southwest Louisiana, Lake Charles (J.M.) — both in Louisiana; Vitalink Research, Union, SC (J.B.); Eastside Research Associates, Redmond, WA (C.C.); Monroe Biomedical Research, Monroe, NC (A.I.); Cook County Health, Chicago (G.H.)...
- Corresponding author
- Skovronsky, Daniel M.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-10-07
- Volume
- 385
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1382-1392
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC8314785
- OpenAlex
- W3180445914
- Cited by
- 663
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 162 · 2022: 293 · 2021: 86
- FWCI
- 48.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Keywords
- bamlanivimab, etesevimab, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, high-risk patients, hospitalization, mortality, viral load, passive immunity, treatment timing, outpatients, disease progression prevention, SARS-CoV-2 variants
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Viral Load, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Young Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Patient Acuity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
