In Search of a Better Equation — Performance and Equity in Estimates of Kidney Function

A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate

Levey, A. S., Stevens, L. A., Schmid, C. H., Zhang, Y. (., Castro, A. F., Feldman, H. I., Kusek, J. W., Eggers, P., Van Lente, F., Greene, T., et al. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006 · Cited by 25,603

Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations

Obermeyer, Z., Powers, B., Vogeli, C., & Mullainathan, S. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax2342 · Cited by 7,137

Reconsidering the Consequences of Using Race to Estimate Kidney Function

Eneanya, N. D., Yang, W., & Reese, P. P. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5774 · Cited by 385

Clinical Implications of Removing Race From Estimates of Kidney Function

Diao, J. A., Wu, G. J., Taylor, H. A., Tucker, J. K., Powe, N. R., Kohane, I. S., & Manrai, A. K. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22124 · Cited by 125

The FDA Metformin Label Change and Racial and Sex Disparities in Metformin Prescription among Patients with CKD

Shin, J., Sang, Y., Chang, A. R., Dunning, S. C., Coresh, J., Inker, L. A., Selvin, E., Ballew, S. H., & Grams, M. E. (2020) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2019101119 · Cited by 39

New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race

Inker, L. A., Eneanya, N. D., Coresh, J., Tighiouart, H., Wang, D., Sang, Y., Crews, D. C., Doria, A., Estrella, M. M., Froissart, M., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2102953 · Cited by 4,695

Race, genetic ancestry, and estimating kidney function in CKD

Hsu, C.-Y., Yang, W., Parikh, R. V., Anderson, A. H., Chen, T. K., Cohen, D. L., He, J., Mohanty, M. J., Lash, J. P., Mills, K. T., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2103753 · Cited by 241

National Kidney Foundation Laboratory Engagement Working Group recommendations for implementing the CKD-EPI 2021 race-free equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate: practical guidance for clinical laboratories

Miller, W. G., Kaufman, H. W., Levey, A. S., Straseski, J. A., Wilhelms, K. W., Yu, H. Y. (., Klutts, J. S., Hilborne, L. H., Horowitz, G. L., Lieske, J., et al. (2022) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvab278 · Cited by 222

Medical Artificial Intelligence and Human Values

Yu, K.-H., Healey, E., Leong, T.-Y., Kohane, I. S., & Manrai, A. K. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2214183 · Cited by 149

Prevalence of undiagnosed stage 3 chronic kidney disease in France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the USA: results from the multinational observational REVEAL-CKD study

Tangri, N., Moriyama, T., Schneider, M. P., Virgitti, J. B. J., Nicola, L. D., Arnold, M., Barone, S., Peach, E. J., Wittbrodt, E. T., Chen, H., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067386 · Cited by 142

Eliminating Race-Based Medicine

Wright, J. L., Davis, W. S., Joseph, M. M., Ellison, A. M., Heard-Garris, N. J., Johnson, T. L., & the AAP Board Committee on Equity (2022) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-057998 · Cited by 140

Glomerular filtration in the aging population

Noronha, I. L., Santa-Catharina, G. P., Andrade, L., Coelho, V. A., Filho, W. J., & Elias, R. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.769329 · Cited by 110

Removing Race From Kidney Function Estimates—Reply

Diao, J. A., Powe, N. R., & Manrai, A. K. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.3461 · Cited by 68

Discrepancies between Cystatin C–Based and Creatinine-Based eGFR

Farrington, D. K., Surapaneni, A., Matsushita, K., Seegmiller, J. C., Coresh, J., & Grams, M. E. (2023) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.0000000000000217 · Cited by 72

Nephron overload as a therapeutic target to maximize kidney lifespan

Luyckx, V. A., Rule, A. D., Tuttle, K. R., Delanaye, P., Liapis, H., Gandjour, A., Romagnani, P., & Anders, H. (2021) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-021-00510-7 · Cited by 69

Accuracy of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score for In-Hospital Mortality by Race and Relevance to Crisis Standards of Care

Miller, W. D., Han, X., Peek, M. E., Charan Ashana, D., & Parker, W. F. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13891 · Cited by 59

Evaluating the Impact and Rationale of Race-Specific Estimations of Kidney Function: Estimations from U.S. NHANES, 2015-2018

Tsai, J. W., Cerdeña, J. P., Goedel, W. C., Asch, W. S., Grubbs, V., Mendu, M. L., & Kaufman, J. S. (2021) · eClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101197 · Cited by 58

Framework for bias evaluation in large language models in healthcare settings

Templin, T., Fort, S., Padmanabham, P. S., Seshadri, P., Rimal, R., Oliva, J. B., Lich, K. H., Sylvia, S., & Sinnott-Armstrong, N. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01786-w · Cited by 68

Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) GFR Estimating Equations on CKD Prevalence and Classification Among Asians

Betzler, B. K., Sultana, R., He, F., Tham, Y. C., Lim, C. C., Wang, Y. X., Nangia, V., Tai, E. S., Rim, T. H., Bikbov, M. M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.957437 · Cited by 45

Race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate equation in kidney transplant recipients: development and validation study

Raynaud, M., Awadhi, S. A., Jurić, I., Divard, G., Lombardi, Y., Bašić‐Jukić, N., Aubert, O., Dubourg, L. D., Masson, I., Mariat, C., et al. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-073654 · Cited by 41

Prognostic implications of differences in forced vital capacity in black and white US adults: Findings from NHANES III with long-term mortality follow-up

Gaffney, A. W., McCormick, D., Woolhandler, S. J., Christiani, D. C., & Himmelstein, D. U. (2021) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101073 · Cited by 41

Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Primary Care Medical Education

Parente, D. J. (2024) · Family Medicine · doi:10.22454/fammed.2024.775525 · Cited by 40

Cystatin C is glucocorticoid responsive, directs recruitment of Trem2+ macrophages, and predicts failure of cancer immunotherapy

Kleeman, S. O., Thakir, T. M., Demestichas, B., Mourikis, N., Loiero, D., Ferrer, M., Bankier, S., Riazat-Kesh, Y. J. R. A., Lee, H., Chantzichristos, D., et al. (2023) · Cell Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100347 · Cited by 37

Eradicating Racism: An Endocrine Society Policy Perspective

Dhaliwal, R., Pereira, R. I., Diaz-Thomas, A., Powe, C. E., Cardozo, L. L. Y., & Joseph, J. J. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab896 · Cited by 37

Guidelines for Conducting Ethical Artificial Intelligence Research in Neurology

Chiang, S., Picard, R. W., Chiong, W., Moss, R., Worrell, G. A., Rao, V. R., & Goldenholz, D. M. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000012570 · Cited by 76

Consistent methods for fat‐free mass, creatinine clearance, and glomerular filtration rate to describe renal function from neonates to adults

O’Hanlon, C. J., Holford, N. H. G., Sumpter, A. L., & Al-Sallami, H. S. (2023) · CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/psp4.12924 · Cited by 32

The Evaluation of Kidney Function in Living Kidney Donor Candidates

Garg, N., Poggio, E. D., & Mandelbrot, D. A. (2021) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0003052021 · Cited by 32

Clinical practice guidelines for management of hyperglycaemia in adults with diabetic kidney disease

Karalliedde, J. J., Winocour, P. H., Chowdhury, T. A., De, P., Frankel, A., Montero, R., Pokrajac, A., Banerjee, D., Dasgupta, I., Fogarty, D. G., et al. (2022) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14769 · Cited by 33

Prediction of End-Stage Kidney Disease Using Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate With and Without Race

Bundy, J. D., Mills, K. T., Anderson, A. H., Yang, W., Chen, J., He, J., & CRIC Study Investigators* (2022) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-2928 · Cited by 32

Impact of ethnicity on the accuracy of measurements of oxygen saturations: A retrospective observational cohort study

Bangash, M. N., Hodson, J. A., Evison, F., Patel, J. M., Johnston, A. M., Gallier, S., Sapey, E., & Parekh, D. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101428 · Cited by 27

Infliximab Induction Lacks Efficacy and Increases BK Virus Infection in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results of the CTOT-19 Trial

Hricik, D. E., Armstrong, B., Alhamad, T., Brennan, D. C., Bromberg, J. S., Bunnapradist, S., Chandran, S., Fairchild, R. L., Foley, D. P., Formica, R. N., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2022040454 · Cited by 25

Transplant Clinician Opinions on Use of Race in the Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate

Doshi, M. D., Singh, N. K., Hippen, B. E., Woodside, K. J., Mohan, P., Byford, H. L., COOPER, M. M., Dadhania, D. M., Ainapurapu, S., & Lentine, K. L. (2021) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.05490421 · Cited by 25

Improved Performance in Measurement of Serum Cystatin C by Laboratories Participating in the College of American Pathologists 2019 CYS Survey

Karger, A. B., Long, T. H., Inker, L. A., & Eckfeldt, J. H. (2022) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/arpa.2021-0306-cp · Cited by 25

Race-based medicine in the point-of-care clinical resource UpToDate: A systematic content analysis

Cerdeña, J. P., Asabor, E. N., Plaisime, M. V., & Hardeman, R. R. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101581 · Cited by 25

The effect of gender-affirming hormone treatment on serum creatinine in transgender and gender-diverse youth: implications for estimating GFR

Millington, K., Barrera, E. P., Daga, A., Mann, N., Olson-Kennedy, J., Garofalo, R., Rosenthal, S. M., & Chan, Y.-M. (2022) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-022-05445-0 · Cited by 23

Calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate without the race correction factor: Observations at a large academic medical system

Shi, J., Lindo, E. G., Baird, G. S., Young, B. A., Ryan, M. J., Jefferson, J. A., Mehrotra, R., Mathias, P. C., & Hoofnagle, A. N. (2021) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.022 · Cited by 22

Comparison of 2021 CKD-EPI Equations for Estimating Racial Differences in Preemptive Waitlisting for Kidney Transplantation

Ku, E., Amaral, S. G., McCulloch, C. E., Adey, D., Li, L., & Johansen, K. L. (2022) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04850422 · Cited by 20

Social Risk Factors in Society of Thoracic Surgeons Risk Models. Part 1: Concepts, Indicator Variables, and Controversies

Shahian, D. M., Badhwar, V., O’Brien, S. M., Habib, R., Han, J., McDonald, D. E., Antman, M. S., Higgins, R. S. D., Preventza, O., Estrera, A. L., et al. (2022) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.11.067 · Cited by 19

Improving Diversity in Clinical Trials by Using Real-world Data to Define Eligibility Criteria

Royce, T. J., Zhao, Y., & Ryals, C. A. (2023) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.7170 · Cited by 16

Achieving equity through science and integrity: dismantling race-based medicine

Wright, J. L., Freed, G. L., Hendricks‐Muñoz, K. D., Jarvis, J. N., Maldonado, Y., Raphael, J. L., Schnadower, D., Sims, B., Bogue, C. W., Leonard, M. B., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02041-8 · Cited by 16

The Role of Race on Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery

Heung, M., Dickinson, T., Wu, X., Fitzgerald, D. C., DeLucia, A., Paone, G., Chores, J., Nieter, D. H., Grix, D., Theurer, P. F., et al. (2021) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.10.031 · Cited by 15

Retaining Race in Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Williams, P. T. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.45054 · Cited by 16

Development of a Multifaceted Program for Pharmacogenetics Adoption at an Academic Medical Center: Practical Considerations and Lessons Learned

Shugg, T., Tillman, E. M., Breman, A. M., Hodge, J. C., McDonald, C., Ly, R. C., Rowe, E. J., Osei, W., Smith, T. B., Schwartz, P. H., et al. (2024) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.3402 · Cited by 15

Removing Race from eGFR calculations: Implications for Urologic Care

Vilson, F. L., Schmidt, B., White, L. W., Soerensen, S. J. C., Ganesan, C., Pao, A. C., Enemchukwu, E., Chertow, G. M., & Leppert, J. T. (2021) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2021.03.018 · Cited by 14

Kidney Allograft Function Is a Confounder of Urine Metabolite Profiles in Kidney Allograft Recipients

Suhre, K., Dadhania, D. M., Lee, J. R., Muthukumar, T., Chen, Q., Gross, S. S., & Suthanthiran, M. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11080533 · Cited by 14

CKD Progression From the Time of Estimated GFR-Based Waitlist Eligibility and Racial Disparities in Transplant Access

Chu, C. D., Powe, N. R., Crews, D. C., & Tuot, D. S. (2021) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.08.010 · Cited by 14

Deep learning body-composition analysis of clinically acquired CT-scans estimates creatinine excretion with high accuracy in patients and healthy individuals

Pieters, T. T., Veldhuis, W. B., Moeskops, P., de Vos, B. D., Verhaar, M. C., Haitjema, S., Huitema, A. D. R., & Rookmaaker, M. B. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13145-w · Cited by 14

2009 CKD-EPI glomerular filtration rate estimation in Black individuals outside the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zingano, C. P., Escott, G. M., Rocha, B. M., Porgere, I. F., Moro, C. C., Delanaye, P., & Silveiro, S. P. (2022) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfac238 · Cited by 15

Race as a Risk Marker, Not a Risk Factor: Revising Race-Based Algorithms to Protect Racially Oppressed Patients

Cerdeña, J. P., Plaisime, M. V., & Borrell, L. N. (2024) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-024-08919-z · Cited by 16

Comparison of the 2021 and 2009 chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration creatinine equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate in a Chinese population

Shen, Y., Wu, H., Liu, X., Zhu, J. F., Shao, W., Wang, B., Pan, B., & Guo, W. (2023) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.03.011 · Cited by 12

Implementation of Clinical Cytochrome P450 3A Genotyping for Tacrolimus Dosing in a Large Kidney Transplant Program

Tillman, E. M., Nikirk, M. G., Chen, J. M., Skaar, T. C., Shugg, T., Maddatu, J., Sharfuddin, A., & Eadon, M. T. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/jcph.2249 · Cited by 11

Validation of the international IgA nephropathy prediction tool in a French cohort beyond 10 years after diagnosis

Bon, G., Jullien, P., Masson, I., Sauron, C., Dinic, M., Claisse, G., Peláez, A., Thibaudin, D., Mohey, H., Alamartine, É., et al. (2023) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfad048 · Cited by 10

Genetic variants affecting mitochondrial function provide further insights for kidney disease

Cañadas‐Garre, M., Baños‐Jaime, B., Maqueda, J. J., Smyth, L. J., Cappa, R., Skelly, R., Hill, C., Brennan, E. P., Doyle, R., Godson, C., et al. (2024) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-024-10449-1 · Cited by 11

Race-Free Equations for eGFR: Comparing Effects on CKD Classification

Diao, J. A., Powe, N. R., & Manrai, A. K. (2021) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2021020224 · Cited by 10

A Clinician’s Guide to Understanding Bias in Critical Clinical Prediction Models

de Matos, J. C. R. G., Gallifant, J., Chowdhury, A., Economou-Zavlanos, N., Charpignon, M., Gichoya, J. W., Celi, L. A., Nazer, L. H., King, H., & Wong, A.-K. I. (2024) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2024.05.011 · Cited by 11

On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis

Brinkworth, J. F., & Shaw, J. G. (2022) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24527 · Cited by 9

United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Database Analysis of Factors Associated With Kidney Transplant Time on Waiting List

Fritz, K., Hong, J., Basdeo, D., Byrnes, K., Cordoba, A., Dunn, K., Haider, U., Kashif, M., Lee, N., Nuhuman, A., et al. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.34679 · Cited by 9

More Than Half of Family Medicine Clerkships Do Not Address Systemic Racism: A CERA Study

Bridges, K. M., Rampon, K., Mabachi, N. M., Born, W. K., Kost, A., Parente, D. J., & Witt, L. B. (2023) · Family Medicine · doi:10.22454/fammed.2023.581155 · Cited by 7

GFR Estimation in Potential Living Kidney Donors: Race- and Nonrace-based Equations and Measured GFR

Goodson, D. A., Chalupsky, M., Wiegley, N., Huang, Y., Chiu, M., Bang, H., Roshanravan, B., Young, B. Y., & Chen, L. (2022) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100558 · Cited by 9

Amoxicillin therapeutic drug monitoring for endocarditis: A comparative study (EI-STAB)

Dorel, M., Albert, R., Bot, A. L., Caillault, L., Lalanne, S., Tattevin, P., Verdier, M., Lemaignen, A., & Revest, M. (2023) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106821 · Cited by 8

Finerenone in Black Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and CKD: A Post hoc Analysis of the Pooled FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD Trials

Flack, J. M., Agarwal, R., Anker, S. D., Pitt, B., Ruilope, L. M., Rossing, P. R., Adler, S. G., Fried, L. F., Jamerson, K., Toto, R. D., et al. (2023) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100730 · Cited by 8

Skin of color in dermatopathology: does color matter?

Williams, K. B., Wondimu, B., Ajayi, A., & Sokumbi, O. (2023) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2023.04.012 · Cited by 8

Discontinuation of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha treatment owing to blood test abnormalities, and cost-effectiveness of alternate blood monitoring strategies

Abhishek, A., Stevenson, M. D., Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Evans, I., Alabas, O., Card, T. R., Taal, M. W., Aithal, G. P., Fox, C. P., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1093/bjd/ljad430 · Cited by 8

Past and Present Policy Efforts in Achieving Racial Equity in Kidney Transplantation

Kim, I. K., Martins, P. N. A., Pavlakis, M., Eneanya, N. D., & Patzer, R. E. (2022) · Current Transplantation Reports · doi:10.1007/s40472-022-00369-y · Cited by 8

Impact of Preoperative Liver Function on Short-Term HeartMate 3 Outcomes

George, T. J., Dinter, T. V., Rawitscher, D. A., DiMaio, J. M., Kabra, N., & Afzal, A. M. (2022) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.07.029 · Cited by 8

Removing race from GFR estimates: balancing potential benefits and unintended consequences

Lucas, A., Wyatt, C. M., & Inker, L. A. (2021) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2021.02.017 · Cited by 7

Eliminating Race From eGFR Calculations: Impact on Living Donor Programs

Bellini, M. I., Nozdrin, M., Naesens, M., & Martins, P. N. A. (2022) · Transplant International · doi:10.3389/ti.2022.10787 · Cited by 6

The Importance of Drug Dose Adjustment in Elderly Patients with Special Considerations for Patients on Diverse Co-medications and Antidepressants

Bhaskar, M., Télessy, I. G., & Buttar, H. S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-9232-1_15 · Cited by 6

Optimal Glomerular Filtration Rate Equations for Various Age Groups, Disease Conditions and Ethnicities in Asia: A Systematic Review

Safdar, A., Akram, W., Khan, M. A., & Muhammad, S. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12051822 · Cited by 9

Impact of routine reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate using the European Kidney Function Consortium and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations in a Western Australian community population

Napier, K. R., Lim, D., Thomas, E., Boyd, J., Chakera, A., Williamson, J., Betts, K. S., Manuel, J., Tuando, T. R., & Robinson, S. (2022) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/nep.14083 · Cited by 6

Cystatin C is a glucocorticoid response gene predictive of cancer immunotherapy failurePreprint

Kleeman, S. O., Ferrer, M., Demestichas, B., Bankier, S., Lee, H., Heywood, T., Ruusalepp, A., Bjorkegren, J. L. M., Walker, B., Meyer, H. V., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.08.17.21261668 · Cited by 4

Doppler-Derived Renal Functional Reserve in the Prediction of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Robotic Surgery

Villa, G., Samoni, S., Muzzi, M., Fabbri, S., Husain‐Syed, F., Tofani, L., Allinovi, M., Paparella, L., Spatafora, P., Costanzo, R. D., et al. (2024) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000006967 · Cited by 6

Managing diabetes and hypertension in chronic kidney disease

Mead, D. R., Dinh, N. L. A., Wentworth, D. S., Thomas, S., & Suthar, M. P. (2021) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000794508.22673.f2 · Cited by 5

Impact of Removing the Race Coefficient in Renal Function Estimate Equations on Drug Dosage Recommendations

Miller, J., & Knorr, J. P. (2021) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/10600280211010228 · Cited by 5

Life course pathways from parental education to age-related decrements in kidney function among Black and white American adults

Surachman, A., Santos‐Lozada, A. R., Daw, J., Alexander, L. M., Almeida, D. M., & Coe, C. L. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105291 · Cited by 5

On a Ventilator in Shackles

Bansal, A. D., & Haber, L. A. (2021) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-07097-6 · Cited by 5

Reducing Racial Disparities in Access to Transplant in the United States

Reed, R. D., & Locke, J. E. (2022) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.09590822 · Cited by 5

Racial and Ethnic Patient Care Disparities in Anesthesiology: History, Current State, and a Way Forward

Mergler, B. D., Toles, A. O., Alexander, A., Mosquera, D. C., Lane-Fall, M. B., & Ejiogu, N. I. (2023) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000006716 · Cited by 4

A Step Toward Health Equity for Veterans: Evidence Supports Removing Race From Kidney Function Calculations

Loragh, M. (2021) · Federal Practitioner · doi:10.12788/fp.0168 · Cited by 4

Ethical Considerations of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Healthcare

Gichoya, J. W., MELTZER, C. C., Newsome, J. M., Correa, R., Trivedi, H., Banerjee, I., Davis, M. A., & Celi, L. A. (2022) · Contemporary medical imaging · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92087-6_52 · Cited by 5

Case Report: Clinical Consequences of Adjusting Estimated GFR for Black Race

Skiba, J. H., Bansal, A. D., Palmer, O. M. P., & Johnstone, D. B. (2022) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-07179-5 · Cited by 4

Representations and consequences of race in AI systems

Yi, A., & Turner, B. L. (2024) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101831 · Cited by 4

eGFR and chemotherapy: will removing race create disparities?

Levey, A. S., & Powe, N. R. (2021) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00391-0 · Cited by 4

The Use of Race in eGFR: Why Racial Justice Requires Accuracy

Velasco, J., & Snodgrass, B. (2021) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.02.013 · Cited by 4

Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Children with Acute Kidney Injury

Raina, M., Ashraf, A., Soundararajan, A., Mandal, A. K., & Sethi, S. K. (2023) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40272-023-00572-z · Cited by 3

The Discrepancy Between Estimated GFR Cystatin C and Estimated GFR Creatinine at 3 Months After Hospitalization and Long-Term Adverse Outcomes

Wen, Y., Srialluri, N., Farrington, D. K., Thiessen‐Philbrook, H., Menez, S. P., Moledina, D. G., Coca, S. G., Ikizler, T. A., Siew, E., Go, A. S., et al. (2025) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2025.04.003 · Cited by 3

New GFR-estimating equations for children and young adults in North America and Europe

Inker, L. A., & Levey, A. S. (2021) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.12.032 · Cited by 3

Impact of pancreas transplantation alone on kidney function: A multicenter clinical cohort study

Kaur, R. J., Mujtahedi, S., Fridell, J. A., Benavides, X., Smith, B. H., Larson, T. S., Rizvi, S., Kukla, A., Dean, P. G., Kudva, Y. C., et al. (2023) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.15212 · Cited by 3

Race‐conscious medicine: a response to critique

Cerdeña, J. P., Plaisime, M. V., & Tsai, J. W. (2021) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.15460 · Cited by 3

Screening Using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration 2021 Equation Glomerular Filtration Rate Underestimates in Living Kidney Donors Compared With Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate

da Silva, A. Q. B., Schreiner, T. B., Valencia, O. A. G., Balakrishnan, S., Issa, N. S., Schinstock, C. A., Riad, S. M., Kukla, A., Larson, T. S., & Bentall, A. (2025) · Transplantation Direct · doi:10.1097/txd.0000000000001866 · Cited by 2

Wait Time Modifications for Black Transplant Candidates Affected by Race-Based Kidney Function Estimation

Khazanchi, R., Fleishman, A., Eneanya, N. D., Michelson, K. A., Diao, J. A., Morse, M. E., & Pavlakis, M. (2026) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.0001 · Cited by 3

Clinical practice guidelines for management of hyperglycaemia in adults with diabetic kidney disease

Karalliedde, J. J., Winocour, P. H., Chowdhury, T. A., De, P., Frankel, A., Montero, R., Pokrajac, A., Banerjee, D., Dasgupta, I., Fogarty, D. G., et al. (2022) · British Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.15277/bjd.2021.328 · Cited by 2

Novel Estimates of Renal Function are Associated with Short-Term Left Ventricular Assist Device Outcomes

George, T. J., Biedermann, S., DiMaio, J. M., Kabra, N., Rawitscher, D. A., & Afzal, A. M. (2022) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2022.10.072 · Cited by 2

Race, Racism, and Racial Thinking

Caspari, R. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119828075.ch7 · Cited by 2

Impact of a kidney-sparing protocol for the treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (CLOXECO): a quasi-experimental study

Babin, P., Delbove, A., Gousseff, M., Gouin, J.-B., Crabol, Y., Akoha, M., Cady, A., Lemaitre, F., Tattevin, P., & Boulay, H. (2025) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkaf062 · Cited by 1

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Risk Stratification in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Minimizing Bias via Race-Specific Algorithms

Behmard, N., Koshechkin, K. A., Al-Alwani, Y. M., Schier, A., & Mahdi, M. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.98319 · Cited by 1

Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening and Active Surveillance for High-Risk Individuals

Nyame, Y. A., & Porter, M. P. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.9711 · Cited by 1

Development and Validation of the CANHEART Population-Based Laboratory Prediction Models for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Sud, M. K., Sivaswamy, A., Austin, P. C., Anderson, T. J., Naimark, D. M. J., Farkouh, M. E., Lee, D. S., Roifman, I., Thanassoulis, G., Tu, K., et al. (2023) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m23-1345 · Cited by 2

Black Race Coefficient in GFR Estimation and Prevalence of CKD-Related Complications

Walther, C. P., Winkelmayer­, W. C., & Navaneethan, S. D. (2021) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04430321 · Cited by 1

Codified Racism in Digital Health Platforms A Meta-Analysis of COVID-19 Prediction Algorithms and their Policy ImplicationsPreprint

Hislop, M. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3249460/v1 · Cited by 1

Kidney Diseases

Koh, L.-F. A., & Khatri, P. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99967-0.00180-0 · Cited by 1

In Reply to “Multiple-Biomarker Panel Estimated GFR Is Not Optimal or Cost-Effective” and “Comparing Multiple-Biomarker Panels for Estimating GFR With Estimating Equations Without a Coefficient Distinguishing Black Individuals From Persons of Other Groups”

Inker, L. A., & Levey, A. S. (2021) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.01.007

Obesity Related Glomerulopathy: weighing in the effect of Body Surface AreaPreprint

Bielopolski, D., Singh, N. C., Ohad, S. B., Renert‐Yuval, Y., Robert, M., Kimberly, S. V., Dena, S. M., Roger, D. V., Rhonda, G., & Jonathan, N. T. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.21253278

Removal of the race coefficient and adjustment to individual BSA provide the most accurate estimation for GFR in Black adolescentsPreprint

Bielopolski, D., Bentur, O. S., Singh, N., VAUGHAN, R. D., Charytan, D. M., Kost, R. G., & Tobin, J. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.07.30.21261371

The Impact of 2009 Versus 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) GFR Estimating Equations on CKD Prevalence in AsiansPreprint

Betzler, B. K., Sultana, R., He, F., Tham, Y. C., Lim, C. C., Wang, Y. X., Nangia, V., Tai, E. S., Rim, T. H., Bikbov, M. M., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1380284/v1

An equation for equity

O’Leary, K. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/d41591-021-00070-0

Task Force Advises Excluding Race as Factor in Estimates of Kidney Function

Stephenson, J. (2021) · JAMA Health Forum · doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.3788

Removal of race from estimation of kidney function

Young, B. A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-021-00524-1 · Cited by 11

Diversity in Studies Developing Kidney Function Estimating Equations: Improving Representation, Interpretation, and Utility of Clinical Research

Alvarado, F., Aklilu, A. M., Powe, N. R., Vart, P., & Delgado, C. (2022) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.05.014 · Cited by 2

Bias Found in Race-Based GFR Equations that Estimate Kidney Function

Rosenberg, K. E. (2024) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.naj.0001023988.76205.cc