On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis
Open accessAbstract
COVID-19 has highlighted a brutal reality known for decades, that Black, Indigenous, and People of Color bear a disproportionate burden of US annual sepsis cases. While plentiful research funds have been spent investigating genetic reasons for racial disparities in sepsis, an abundance of research shows that sepsis incidence and mortality maps to indicators of colonial practices including residential segregation, economic and marginalization sepsis, and denial of care. Here we argue that sepsis risk is an immunological embodiment of racism in colonial states, that the factors contributing to sepsis disparities are insidious and systemic. We show that regardless of causative pathogen, or host ancestry, racialized people get and die of sepsis most frequently in a pattern repeatedly reiterated worldwide. Lastly, we argue that while alleviation of sepsis disparities requires radical, multiscale intervention, biological anthropologists have a responsibility in this crisis. While some of us can harness our expertise to take on the ground action in sepsis prevention, all of us can leverage our positions as the first point of contact for in depth human biology instruction on most college campuses. As a leading cause of death worldwide, and a syndrome that exhibits the interplay between human physiology, race and environment, sepsis is at the nexus of major themes in biological anthropology and is a natural fit for the field's curriculum. In adopting a discussion of race and sepsis in our courses, we not only develop new research areas but increase public awareness of both sepsis and the factors contributing to uneven sepsis burden.
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Cited by
Still being checked.
- Authors
- Brinkworth, J. F., & Shaw, J. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brinkworth, Jessica F.
- Venue
- American Journal of Biological Anthropology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-06-12
- Volume
- 178
- Issue
- S74
- Pages
- 230-255
- ISSN
- 2692-7691 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9544695
- OpenAlex
- W4282573836
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 293
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Biological Anthropology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (BCS‐1750675)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Race, Genetics, and Society
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- sepsis, racial disparities in health, racism, colonialism, residential segregation, economic exclusion, denial of care, sepsis mortality, human diversity, COVID-19 pandemic, BIPOC
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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