Cited by 667Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Insulin Analogues

Hirsch, Irl B.·2005·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmra040832

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In the 1990s, the value of glycemic control in the management of diabetes became incontrovertible. The interest in producing insulin formulations that are safer than previous formulations and that more closely duplicate the basal and mealtime components of endogenous insulin secretion has yielded insulin analogues with action profiles that afford more flexible treatment regimens and a lower risk of hypoglycemia. This article examines the use of these newer insulins in clinical practice.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejmra040832

Cites

65 of 65 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Effect of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes on the Development and Progression of Long-Term Complications in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
(1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291401 · Cited by 24,667
Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
(1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07019-6 · Cited by 20,023
Untitled work
Riddle (2003) · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.11.3080 · Cited by 1,479
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analog glargine, NPH insulin, and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro.
Lepore, M., Pampanelli, S., Fanelli, C., Porcellati, F., Bartocci, L., Di Vincenzo, A., Cordoni, C., Costa, E., Brunetti, P., & Bolli, G. B. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.12.2142 · Cited by 818
Intermittent High Glucose Enhances Apoptosis Related to Oxidative Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Quagliaro, L., Piconi, L., Assaloni, R., Martinelli, L., Motz, E., & Ceriello, A. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.11.2795 · Cited by 772
Correlations of receptor binding and metabolic and mitogenic potencies of insulin analogs designed for clinical use
Kurtzhals, P., Schäffer, L., Sørensen, A., Kristensen, C., Jonassen, I., Schmid, C., & Trüb, T. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.6.999 · Cited by 739
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
(2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2007.s15 · Cited by 688
Less nocturnal hypoglycemia and better post-dinner glucose control with bedtime insulin glargine compared with bedtime NPH insulin during insulin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes. HOE 901/3002 Study Group.
Yki‐Järvinen, H., Dressler, A., Ziemen, M., & HOE 901/300s Study Group (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.8.1130 · Cited by 573
Outpatient Insulin Therapy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Scientific Review
DeWitt, D. E., & Hirsch, I. B. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.17.2254 · Cited by 502
Self-citation
Diminished B cell secretory capacity in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Ward, W. K., Bolgiano, D. C., McKnight, B., Halter, J. B., & Porte, D. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111542 · Cited by 483
Basal Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Rosenstock, J., Schwartz, S. L., Clark, C. M., Park, G. D., Donley, D. W., & Edwards, M. B. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.4.631 · Cited by 477
Time-action profile of the long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine (HOE901) in comparison with those of NPH insulin and placebo.
Heinemann, L., Linkeschova, R., Rave, K., Hompesch, B., Sedlak, M., & Heise, T. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.5.644 · Cited by 474
[Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]-Human Insulin: A Rapidly Absorbed Analogue of Human Insulin
Howey, D. C., Bowsher, R. R., Brunelle, R. L., & Woodworth, J. R. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.43.3.396 · Cited by 471
Less hypoglycemia with insulin glargine in intensive insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes. U.S. Study Group of Insulin Glargine in Type 1 Diabetes
Ratner, R. E., Hirsch, I. B., Neifing, J. L., Garg, S. K., Mecca, T. E., & Wilson, C. A. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.5.639 · Cited by 455
Self-citation
Type 1 diabetes: recent developments
Devendra, D., Liu, E., & Eisenbarth, G. S. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7442.750 · Cited by 362
Insulin analogues and their potential in the management of diabetes mellitus
Bolli, G. B., DiMarchi, R. D., Park, G. D., Pramming, S., & Koivisto, V. A. (1999) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051286 · Cited by 351
Albumin binding of insulins acylated with fatty acids: characterization of the ligand-protein interaction and correlation between binding affinity and timing of the insulin effect in vivo
Kurtzhals, P., Havelund, S., Jonassen, I., Kiehr, B., Larsen, U. D., Ribel, U., & Markussen, J. (1995) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3120725 · Cited by 334
Glimepiride Combined with Morning Insulin Glargine, Bedtime Neutral Protamine Hagedorn Insulin, or Bedtime Insulin Glargine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Fritsche, A., Schweitzer, M. A., H�ring, H.-U., & and the 4001 Study Group* (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-12-200306170-00006 · Cited by 331
Insulin: Discovery and Controversy
Rosenfeld, L. (2002) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/48.12.2270 · Cited by 329
Management of Diabetes Mellitus Complicating Pregnancy
Gabbe, S. G., & Graves, C. R. (2003) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.obstetgynecol.2003.07.001 · Cited by 326
Comparison of insulin regimens in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Yki-Järvinen, H., Kauppila, M., Kujansuu, E., Lahti, J., Marjanen, T., Niskanen, L., Rajala, S., Ryysy, L., Salo, S., Seppälä, P., et al. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199211123272005 · Cited by 324
Efficacy of inhaled human insulin in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a randomised proof-of-concept study
Skyler, J. S., Cefalu, W. T., KOURIDES, I. A., Landschulz, W. H., Balagtas, C. C., Cheng, S., & Gelfand, R. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03638-2 · Cited by 304
Insulin detemir is associated with more predictable glycemic control and reduced risk of hypoglycemia than NPH insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes on a basal-bolus regimen with premeal insulin aspart
Vague, P., Selam, J.-L., Skeie, S., De Leeuw, I., Elte, J. W. F., Haahr, H., Kristensen, A., & Draeger, E. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.590 · Cited by 294
Insulin aspart (B28 asp-insulin): a fast-acting analog of human insulin: absorption kinetics and action profile compared with regular human insulin in healthy nondiabetic subjects
Mudaliar, S. R., Lindberg, F. A., Joyce, M., Beerdsen, P., Strange, P., Lin, A., & Henry, R. R. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.9.1501 · Cited by 276
Therapy focused on lowering postprandial glucose, not fasting glucose, may be superior for lowering HbA1c. IOEZ Study Group.
Bastyr, E. J., Stuart, C., Brodows, R. G., Schwartz, S. L., Graf, C. J., Zagar, A. J., & Robertson, K. E. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.9.1236 · Cited by 274
Insulin Lispro in CSII: Results of a Double-Blind Crossover Study
Zinman, B., Tildesley, H. D., Chiasson, J., Tsui, E. Y. L., & Strack, T. R. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.46.3.440 · Cited by 255
A 16-week comparison of the novel insulin analog insulin glargine (HOE 901) and NPH human insulin used with insulin lispro in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Raskin, P., Klaff, L., Bergenstal, R., Hallé, J. P., Donley, D., & Mecca, T. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.11.1666 · Cited by 250
Improved glycemic control with insulin aspart: a multicenter randomized double-blind crossover trial in type 1 diabetic patients. UK Insulin Aspart Study Group.
Home, P., Olinder, A. L., Hylleberg, B., & Round, P. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.11.1904 · Cited by 233
Meta-analysis of the effect of insulin lispro on severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes
Brunelle, R. L., Llewelyn, J., Anderson, J. H., Gale, E. A. M., & Koivisto, V. A. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.10.1726 · Cited by 216
Pharmacokinetics of 125I-labeled insulin glargine (HOE 901) in healthy men: comparison with NPH insulin and the influence of different subcutaneous injection sites.
Owens, D. R., Coates, P. A., Luzio, S. D., Tinbergen, J. P., & Kurzhals, R. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.6.813 · Cited by 202
Use of insulin lispro in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment. Results of a multicenter trial. German Humalog-CSII Study Group.
Renner, R., Pfützner, A., TRAUTMANN, M. E., Harzer, O., Sauter, K., & Landgraf, R. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.5.784 · Cited by 168
[Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]-human insulin. A rapidly absorbed analogue of human insulin
Howey, D. C., Bowsher, R. R., Brunelle, R. L., et al. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.43.3.396 · Cited by 128
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Breakfast, Dinner, or Bedtime Administration of Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Hamann, A., Matthaei, S., Rosak, C., Silvestre, L., & for the HOE901/4007 Study Group (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.6.1738 · Cited by 124
Transfer of Insulin Lispro Across the Human Placenta
Boskovic, R., Feig, D. S., Derewlany, L. O., Knie, B., Portnoi, G., & Koren, G. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.5.1390 · Cited by 123
Reduced hypoglycemic episodes and improved glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes using insulin glargine and neutral protamine hagedorn insulin
Chase, H. P., Dixon, B., Pearson, J., Fiallo-Scharer, R. V., Walravens, P., KLINGENSMITH, G. J., Rewers, M., & Garg, S. K. (2003) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/s0022-3476(03)00415-3 · Cited by 122
Comparative Trial Between Insulin Glargine and NPH Insulin in Children and Adolescents with Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Schober, Ε., Schoenle, E. J., Dyk, J. V., Wernicke‐Panten, K., & Pediatric Study Group of Insulin Gl (2002) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2002.15.4.369 · Cited by 121
Insulin lispro and regular insulin in pregnancy
Bhattacharyya, A. (2001) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/94.5.255 · Cited by 114
Starting patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy using once-daily injections of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30, biphasic human insulin 70/30, or NPH insulin in combination with metformin
Kilo, C., Mezitis, N. H. E., Jain, R., Mersey, J. H., McGill, J. B., & Raskin, P. (2003) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/s1056-8727(03)00076-x · Cited by 113
A randomized, controlled trial comparing insulin lispro with human soluble insulin in patients with Type 1 diabetes on intensified insulin therapy
Gale, E. A. (2000) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00258.x · Cited by 112
Exercise-induced hypoglycaemia in IDDM patients treated with a short-acting insulin analogue
Tuominen, J. A., Karonen, S.-L., Melamies, L., Bolli, G. B., & Koivisto, V. A. (1995) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf02369359 · Cited by 112
Insulin lispro in CSII: results of a double-blind crossover study
Zinman, B., Tildesley, H., Chiasson, J., et al. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.46.3.440 · Cited by 104
Reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia and frequency of hypoglycemia in IDDM patients on insulin-analog treatment. Multicenter Insulin Lispro Study Group
Anderson, J. H., Brunelle, R. L., Koivisto, V. A., Pfutzner, A., TRAUTMANN, M. E., Vignati, L., & DiMarchi, R. D. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.46.2.265 · Cited by 99
Insulin lispro and the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy.
Kitzmiller, J. L., Main, E. K., Ward, B., Theiss, T. S., & Peterson, D. L. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.5.874 · Cited by 95
Are analogue insulins better than soluble in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion? Results of a meta‐analysis
Colquitt, J. L., Royle, P., & Waugh, N. R. (2003) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01018.x · Cited by 95
Intensive insulin therapy with insulin lispro in patients with type 1 diabetes reduces the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes
Pfützner, A. H., Küstner, E., Forst, T. M., Schleppinghoff, B. S., TRAUTMANN, M. E., Haslbeck, M., Schatz, H., & Beyer, J. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1211418 · Cited by 92
Immunologic Effects of Insulin Lispro [Lys (B28), Pro (B29) Human Insulin] in IDDM and NIDDM Patients Previously Treated With Insulin
Fineberg, N. S., Fineberg, S. E., Anderson, J. H., Birkett, M. A., Gibson, R. G., & Hufferd, S. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.12.1750 · Cited by 85
Progression of retinopathy during pregnancy in type 1 diabetic women treated with insulin lispro
Loukovaara, S., Immonen, I., Teramo, K. A., & Kaaja, R. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1193 · Cited by 80
Efficacy of Conversion From Bedtime NPH Insulin Injection to Once- or Twice-Daily Injections of Insulin Glargine in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Using Basal/Bolus Therapy
Albright, E. S., Desmond, R., & Bell, D. S. H. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2.632 · Cited by 75
Oral modified insulin (HIM2) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: results from a phase I/II clinical trial
Clement, S. C., Dandona, P., Still, J., & Kosutic, G. (2003) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2003.07.021 · Cited by 75
Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Insulin Lispro on the Induction of Antibody Response in Patients With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes
Fineberg, S. E., Huang, J., Brunelle, R. L., Gulliya, K. S., & Anderson, J. H. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.1.89 · Cited by 74
Meal Composition is a Determinant of Lispro-Induced Hypoglycemia in IDDM
Burge, M. R., Castillo, K. R., & Schade, D. S. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.2.152 · Cited by 72
Lispro Mix25 insulin as premeal therapy in type 2 diabetic patients.
Koivisto, V. A., Tuominen, J. A., & Ebeling, P. R. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.3.459 · Cited by 71
A comparison of insulin lispro and buffered regular human insulin administered via continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump
Raskin, P., Holcombe, J. H., Tamborlane, W. V., Malone, J. I., Strowig, S., Ahern, J. A., & Lavent, F. (2001) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/s1056-8727(01)00168-4 · Cited by 71
Pregnancy outcome in Type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin lispro (Humalog)
Masson, E. A., Patmore, J., Brash, P. D., Baxter, M., Caldwell, G., GALLEN, I. W., Price, P. A., Vice, P., Walker, J. D., & Lindow, S. W. (2003) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00840.x · Cited by 66
Nocturnal glucose control and free insulin levels in children with type 1 diabetes by use of the long-acting insulin HOE 901 as part of a three-injection regimen.
Mohn, A., Strang, S., Wernicke‐Panten, K., Lang, A. M., Edge, J., & Dunger, D. B. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.4.557a · Cited by 65
No evidence for accumulation of insulin glargine (LANTUS®): a multiple injection study in patients with Type 1 diabetes
Heise, T., Bott, S., Rave, K., Dressler, A., Rosskamp, R., & Heinemann, L. (2002) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00723.x · Cited by 64
Starting insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: effectiveness, complications, and resource utilization
Hayward, R. A. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.278.20.1663 · Cited by 61
Efficacy of insulin lispro in combination with NPH human insulin twice per day in patients with insulin-dependent or non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Vignati, L., Anderson, J. H., & Iversen, P. W. (1997) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(97)80014-8 · Cited by 54
Improvement of blood glucose control in Type 1 diabetic patients treated with lispro and multiple NPH injections
Colombel, A., Murat, A., Krempf, M., Kuchly‐Anton, B., & Charbonnel, B. H. (1999) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00077.x · Cited by 46
Insulin Lispro Therapy in Pregnancies Complicated by Type 1 Diabetes: Glycemic Control and Maternal and Fetal Outcomes
Garg, S. K., Frías, J. P., Anil, S., Gottlieb, P. A., MacKenzie, T. A., & Jackson, W. E. (2003) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.9.3.187 · Cited by 41
Immunologic effects of insulin lispro [Lys (B28), Pro (B29) human insulin] in IDDM and NIDDM patients previously treated with insulin
Fineberg, N. S., Fineberg, S. E., Anderson, J. H., et al. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.12.1750 · Cited by 41
Insulin Aspart
Simpson, K. L., & Spencer, C. M. (1999) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199957050-00013 · Cited by 35
Optimal administration of lispro insulin in hyperglycemic type 1 diabetes.
Rassam, A. G., Zeise, T. M., Burge, M. R., & Schade, D. S. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.1.133 · Cited by 34
Assessment of Therapy with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in an Academic Diabetes Clinic
Rudolph, J., & Hirsch, I. B. (2002) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.8.6.401 · Cited by 31
Self-citation
Morning versus Bedtime Isophane Insulin in Type 2 (Non‐insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus
Seigler, D. E., Olsson, G. M., & Skyler, J. S. (1992) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1992.tb01901.x · Cited by 11

Sorted by citations

Protein Therapeutics: A Summary and Pharmacological Classification
Leader, B., Baca, Q. J., & Golan, D. E. (2008) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2399 · Cited by 2,161
Trends in peptide drug discovery
Muttenthaler, M., King, G. F., Adams, D. J., & Alewood, P. F. (2021) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-020-00135-8 · Cited by 2,074
Evaluation and Management of Adult Hypoglycemic Disorders: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Cryer, P. E., Axelrod, L., Grossman, A. B., Heller, S. R., Montori, V. M., Seaquist, E. R., & Service, F. J. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1410 · Cited by 1,277
Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes
Maahs, D. M., West, N. A., Lawrence, J. M., & Mayer-Davis, E. J. (2010) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2010.05.011 · Cited by 1,092
Effectiveness of Sensor-Augmented Insulin-Pump Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes
Bergenstal, R. M., Tamborlane, W. V., Ahmann, A., Buse, J. B., Dailey, G., Davis, S. N., Joyce, C., Peoples, T., Perkins, B. A., Welsh, J. B., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1002853 · Cited by 894

See all 667

Authors: Hirsch, I. B.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Hirsch, Irl B.
ORCID: Hirsch, Irl B.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2005-01-13
Volume: 352
Issue: 2
Pages: 174-183
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmra040832
OpenAlex: W4242554702
Cited by: 667
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 46
FWCI: 5.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: insulin analogues, glycemic control, diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia risk, insulin formulations
MeSH terms: Insulin Glargine, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Pregnancy, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Insulin, Long-Acting, Insulin Aspart, Insulin Lispro

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Insulin Analogues

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks