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Physiological Approach to Assessment of Acid–Base Disturbances
Abstract
Acid–base homeostasis is fundamental for maintaining life. This article reviews a stepwise method for the physiological approach to evaluation of acid–base status.
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“Variability in clinician expertise may lead to misinterpretation or delayed recognition of complex acid-base disturbances3.”
From Structural error asymmetry and harm-weighted analysis of ChatGPT versus ICU Physicians in acid–base interpretation: a prospective observational study (2026) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“This confirms prior observations that performance declines with increasing complexity3,9.”
From Structural error asymmetry and harm-weighted analysis of ChatGPT versus ICU Physicians in acid–base interpretation: a prospective observational study (2026) · cites this paper as [3]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Berend, K., de Vries, A. P. J., & Gans, R. O. B.
- Affiliations
- St. Elisabeth Hospital (CW)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2014-10-09
- Volume
- 371
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1434-1445
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2154779047
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Renal function and acid-base balance
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Medical Laboratory Technology › Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Keywords
- acid-base disorders, acid-base balance, acid-base status assessment, physiological assessment, acidosis, alkalosis
- MeSH terms
- Acid-Base Imbalance, Bicarbonates, Homeostasis, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Oxygen, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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