The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Magic of Randomization versus the Myth of Real-World Evidence
Abstract
Nonrandomized observational analyses have been promoted as alternatives to randomized clinical trials. However, randomization ensures balance between groups, whereas nonrandomized studies are often biased by between-group differences. Efforts to reduce the cost and complexity of clinical trials are preferable to relying on observational studies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy
Perkovic, V., Jardine, M. J., Neal, B., Bompoint, S., Heerspink, H. J. L., Charytan, D. M., Edwards, R., Agarwal, R., Bakris, G., Bull, S., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1811744 · Cited by 6,189
Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies
Deeks, J., Dinnes, J., D'Amico, R., Sowden, A., Sakarovitch, C., Song, F., Petticrew, M., & Altman, D. (2003) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta7270 · Cited by 2,907
Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy
Collins, R., Reith, C., Emberson, J., Armitage, J., Baigent, C., Blackwell, L., Blumenthal, R., Danesh, J., Smith, G. D., DeMets, D., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31357-5 · Cited by 1,857
Self-citationEffects of anacetrapib in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease
The HPS3/TIMI55–REVEAL Collaborative Group (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1706444 · Cited by 1,047
Statin use and reduced cancer-related mortality
Nielsen, S. F., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Bojesen, S. E. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1201735 · Cited by 1,030
Comparison of Evidence of Treatment Effects in Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.7.821 · Cited by 919
The Impact of Residual and Unmeasured Confounding in Epidemiologic Studies: A Simulation Study
Fewell, Z., Davey Smith, G., & Sterne, J. A. C. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm165 · Cited by 734
When are randomised trials unnecessary? Picking signal from noise
Glasziou, P., Chalmers, I., Rawlins, M., & McCulloch, P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39070.527986.68 · Cited by 589
Kim, E. S., Bruinooge, S. S., Roberts, S., Ison, G., Lin, N. U., Gore, L., Uldrick, T. S., Lichtman, S. M., Roach, N., Beaver, J. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2017.73.7916 · Cited by 485
Cited by
Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19
The RECOVERY Collaborative Group (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2021436 · Cited by 11,477
Effect of Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 – Preliminary Report
Horby, P., Lim, W. S., Emberson, J., Mafham, M., Bell, J., Linsell, L., Staplin, N., Brightling, C., Ustianowski, A., Elmahi, E., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.20137273 · Cited by 11,475
Self-citationPan, H., Peto, R., Henao Restrepo, A. M., Preziosi, M.-P., Sathiyamoorthy, V., Karim, Q. A., Alejandria, M., Hernàndez García, C., Kieny, M.-P., Malekzadeh, R., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00519-0 · Cited by 394
Self-citationUsing Mendelian Randomization to Improve the Design of Randomized Trials
Ference, B. A., Holmes, M. V., & Smith, G. D. (2021) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a040980 · Cited by 338
Holmes, M. V., Richardson, T. G., Ference, B. A., Davies, N. M., & Davey Smith, G. (2021) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-020-00493-1 · Cited by 184
Metadata
- Authors
- Collins, R., Bowman, L., Landray, M., & Peto, R.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-02-13
- Volume
- 382
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 674-678
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W3006019089
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 53.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Magic of Randomization versus the Myth of Real-World Evidence. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1056/nejmsb1901642
- The paper
- Collins, R., Bowman, L., Landray, M., & Peto, R. (2020). The Magic of Randomization versus the Myth of Real-World Evidence. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmsb1901642
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.