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The IARC Perspective on Cervical Cancer Screening
Open accessAbstract
In May 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for a global initiative to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem. To achieve this goal, global scale-up of effective vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) as well as screening for and treatment of cervical cancer are required. Cervical cancer screening was evaluated in 2005 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Handbooks program,1 and a reevaluation was deemed to be timely given the major advances in the field since then. The new handbook provides updated evaluations of the effectiveness of screening methods, which were used as a basis for the update of the WHO Guideline for Screening and Treatment of Cervical Pre-cancer Lesions for Cervical Cancer Prevention.2 We convened an IARC Working Group of 27 scientists from 20 countries to assess the evidence on the current approaches to and technologies used in cervical cancer screening with the use of the newly updated Handbooks Preamble3 (Fig. 1) and Table 1).
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“HPV-based cervical screening every 5 years is more accurate and cost-effective than 3 yearly VIA screening and decreases both incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer.6 7”
From Protocol for a cervical screening implementation trial comparing two approaches for delivering HPV self-collection in low-resource settings in India: a type 3 hybrid cluster randomised controlled trial (SHE-CAN) (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bouvard, V., Wentzensen, N., Mackie, A., Berkhof, J., Brotherton, J., Giorgi-Rossi, P., Kupets, R., Smith, R., Arrossi, S., Bendahhou, K., Canfell, K., Chirenje, Z. M., Chung, M. H., del Pino, M., de Sanjosé, S., Elfström, M., Franco, E. L., Hamashima, C., Hamers, F. F., Herrington, C. S., Murillo, R., Sangrajrang, S., Sankaranarayanan, R., Saraiya, M., Schiffman, M., Zhao, F., Arbyn, M., Prendiville, W., Indave Ruiz, B. I., Mosquera-Metcalfe, I., & Lauby-Secretan, B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (V.B., W.P., B.I.I.R., I.M.M., B.L.-S.), and the National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice (F.F.H.) — both in France; the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (N.W., M. Schiffman); Public Health England and Screening, London (A.M.); Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J. Berkhof); VCS Foundation, Melbourne, VIC (J. Brotherton), Australia; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale — IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy (P.G.R.); the University of Toronto, Toronto (R.K.); the American Cancer Society (R. Smith), Emory University (M.H.C.), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (M. Saraiya) — all in Atlanta; the Center for the Study of the State and Society, and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council — both in Buenos Aires (S.A.); the Casablanca Cancer Registry, Casablanca, Morocco (K.B.); The Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, King’s Cross, NSW, Austra...
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- New England Journal of Medicine
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- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2021-11-11
- Volume
- 385
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 1908-1918
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC12125667
- OpenAlex
- W3213089363
- Cited by
- 357
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 1
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- World Health Organization
- National Institutes of Health
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20K10331)
- National Cancer Institute (ZIACP010124)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Keywords
- cervical cancer screening, cervical cancer elimination, screening effectiveness, HPV vaccination, WHO guidelines, cervical cancer prevention, cervical cancer treatment
- MeSH terms
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Mass Screening, World Health Organization, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Early Detection of Cancer
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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