The DOI matches its Crossref record; 142 of the 145 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Theoretical perspectives in IS research: from variance and process to conceptual latitude and conceptual fit
Abstract
There has been growing interest in theory building in Information Systems (IS) research. We extend this literature by examining theory building perspectives. We define a perspective as a researcher’s choice of the types of concepts and relationships used to construct a theory, and we examine three perspectives – process, variance, and systems. We contribute by clarifying these perspectives and explaining how they can be used more flexibly in future research. We illustrate the value of this more flexible approach by showing how researchers can use different theoretical perspectives to critique and extend an existing theoretical model (in our case, the IS Success Model). Overall, we suggest a shift from the traditional process-variance dichotomy to a broader view defined by conceptual latitude (the types of concepts and relationships available) and conceptual fit (the types of concepts and relationships appropriate for a given study). We explain why this shift should help researchers as they engage in the knowledge generation process.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Configurational perspectives align well with systems theorizing, which underscores the interactions within a system and its environment, highlighting emergent properties (Burton-Jones et al., 2015; Sarker et al., 2019).”
From Sustaining the Crypto Commons: A Configurational Systems Perspective on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Governance (2024) · cites this paper as Burton-Jones et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“On the other hand, the systems perspective encompasses how components interact to sustain a system (Burton-Jones et al., 2015; Sarker et al., 2019).”
From Sustaining the Crypto Commons: A Configurational Systems Perspective on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Governance (2024) · cites this paper as Burton-Jones et al., 2015
Citations
Cites
Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology
Davis, F. D. (1989) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249008 · Cited by 68,483
User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward A Unified View1
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/30036540 · Cited by 45,035
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn, T. S., & Schlegel, R. (1963) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3050879 · Cited by 35,538
The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017) · Aldine (Routledge reprint) · doi:10.4324/9780203793206 · Cited by 25,789
(1984) · Cited by 21,166
Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things
Lakoff, G. P. (1987) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001 · Cited by 13,358
Hepburn, R. W., Heidegger, M., Macquarrie, J., & Robinson, E. (1927) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 12,201
The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update
(2003) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748 · Cited by 11,791
Self-citationInformation Systems Success: The Quest for the Dependent Variable
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (1992) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.3.1.60 · Cited by 10,697
Self-citationAnalyzing the Past to Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review
Webster, J., & Watson, R. T. (2002) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/4132319 · Cited by 7,449
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Ashby R, 1958, Cybernetica, 1, 83
- Campbell DT, 1995, Personality Research, Methods, and Theory: A Festschrift Honoring, 145
- Dubin R, 1978, Theory Building (Revised Edition)
- Edstrom O, 1973, Man-Computer Decision Making
- Glaser BG, 1967, The Discovery of Grounded Theory
- Kant I, 1781, The Critique of Pure Reason
- Kozlowski SWJ, 2000, Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations, 3
- Schutz A, 1973, Collected Papers, 48
- Weber R, 1987, Journal of Information Systems, 1, 3
- Webster J, 2002, MIS Quarterly, 26, xiii
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–167 of 167
Shamsi, M. (2025) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1080/0960085x.2025.2603343 · Cited by 4
Towards a Scheme for Contribution in Action Design Research
Bojer, C. S., & Møller, C. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06516-3_28 · Cited by 4
Enablers and Mechanisms: Practices for Achieving Synergy with Business Analytics
Someh, I., Wixom, B. H., Davern, M. J., & Shanks, G. (2017) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2017.649 · Cited by 4
Supratiwi, W., & Agustia, D. (2020) · EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) · doi:10.24034/j25485024.y2019.v3.i3.4084 · Cited by 4
Wilden, R., Devinney, T. M., & Dowling, G. R. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2723201 · Cited by 4
Ringeval, M., Raymond, L., Pomey, M.-P., & Paré, G. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/64804 · Cited by 4
Examining the canvas as a domain-independent artifact
Antunes, P. A., & Tate, M. (2022) · Information Systems and e-Business Management · doi:10.1007/s10257-022-00556-5 · Cited by 3
Applying Framing Theory in Digital Transformation Research: Suggestions for Future Research
Ivarsson, F. (2022) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2022.773 · Cited by 3
Leveraging paradigms to foster theoretical contributions in information systems research
Marchildon, P., & Hadaya, P. (2023) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1177/02683962231163603 · Cited by 3
Inductive Empiricism, Theory Specialization and Scientific Idealization in IS Theory Building
Iivari, J. (2023) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.05243 · Cited by 3
Defining IT “Business Value” Under Conditions of Economic Uncertainty
Giannopoulos, A. G. (2017) · Journal of Advances in Management Sciences & Information Systems · doi:10.6000/2371-1647.2017.03.04 · Cited by 3
Theory Building: Neither an Art nor a Science, But a Craft*
Rivard, S. (2021) · Technology, work and globalization · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64884-8_4 · Cited by 3
Mechanistic Explanations and Deliberate Misrepresentations
Siponen, M. T., Klaavuniemi, T., & Nathan, M. J. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.699 · Cited by 3
The Nonlinear Influence of Harmonious Information Technology Affordance on Organizational InnovationPreprint
Chatterjee, S., Moody, G. D., Lowry, P. B., Chakraborty, S., & Hardin, A. M. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3704978 · Cited by 3
Theorising forward: positioning deductive elaboration in the Information Systems research repertoire
Paré, G., Wagner, G., Tate, M., Schryen, G., & Templier, M. (2025) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1080/0960085x.2025.2550403 · Cited by 8
Ciriello, R., Mindel, V., & Mathiassen, L. (2024) · Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.24251/hicss.2024.607 · Cited by 2
de Guinea, A. O., & Raymond, L. (2025) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2025.101907 · Cited by 3
The multiplexity of diagrams and prototypes in requirements development
Ciriello, R., Richter, A., Schwabe, G., & Mathiassen, L. (2023) · Information and Organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100476 · Cited by 3
Someh, I., & Shanks, G. (2016) · AJIS. Australasian journal of information systems/AJIS. Australian journal of information systems/Australian journal of information systems · doi:10.3127/ajis.v20i0.1122 · Cited by 2
POST-ADOPTION OF SOCIAL NETWORK SITES: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND A PROCESS FRAMEWORK
Lü, Y., & Gallupe, R. B. (2016) · Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems · Cited by 2
Markus, M. L., & Rowe, F. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.696 · Cited by 2
Walsh, I. (2020) · Systèmes d information & management · doi:10.3917/sim.202.0033 · Cited by 2
A Theory of Organizational Information Culture
Leidner, D. E. (2022) · Progress in IS · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06543-9_4 · Cited by 2
Avenues for Systems Thinking Towards Exploring the Ethics of Sustainability Within Supply Chains
Mackay, J. (2024) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1479-359820240000012011 · Cited by 2
Towards Effective Use of Technology-Enabled Systems in Emergency Management and Crisis Situations
Fischer-Preßler, D. (2022) · doi:10.20378/irb-52620 · Cited by 2
The Critical Need to Re-Balance Theory Building and Testing in the IS FieldPreprint
Zhou, Z., Fang, Y., & Straub, D. W. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4351566 · Cited by 2
A Theory of Strategic Information Technology Unavailability
Amiri, A. K., Cavusoglu, H., Benbasat, I., & Grover, V. (2025) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2019.0208 · Cited by 1
Viguerie, C., Ciriello, R., Zavolokina, L., & Mathiassen, L. (2026) · Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1177/02683962261422482 · Cited by 5
Ma, C., Chong, A. Y. L., Thatcher, J. B., & Phang, C. W. (2026) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.70042 · Cited by 1
Ecological Approach to User Sensemaking of Technology
Mesgari, M., & Okoli, C. (2015) · Cited by 1
Burton‐Jones, A., Gilchrist, A., Green, P. F., & Smidt, M. (2016) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 1
Self-citationBoubker, O., Chafik, K., Arroud, M., & Rharzouz, J. (2020) · Revue Management & Innovation · doi:10.3917/rmi.202.0123 · Cited by 1
DINAMIKA TAFSIR DARI SEKTARIAN KE MODERAT
Hafis, M. (2023) · Jurnal Moderasi · doi:10.14421/jm.2023.31.05 · Cited by 1
Kallio, H., Malo, P., Lainema, T., Bragge, J., Seppälä, T., & Penttinen, E. (2022) · Communications of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1cais.05125 · Cited by 3
Digital service problems: Prevention and user persistence in solving them
Nili, A. (2016) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.19288325 · Cited by 1
Essays on an Ecological Approach to User-Technology Interaction
Mesgari, M. (2016) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University) · Cited by 1
The Process of Information Systems Theorizing as a Discursive PracticePreprint
Hassan, N. R., Mathiassen, L., & Lowry, P. B. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3319092 · Cited by 1
Process Innovation with Analytics in Manufacturing: Exploration through Demonstrator Development
Bojer, C. S. (2024) · VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) · doi:10.54337/aau679672279 · Cited by 1
Pour des contributions variées dans la revue SIM
de Corbière, F., Godé, C., & Pallud, J. (2021) · Systèmes d information & management · doi:10.3917/sim.212.0003
Avaliação do Business Intelligence em empresas de telecomunicações
Fernandes, B. B., Ribeiro, P. C. C., & Costa, H. G. (2019) · Sistemas & Gestão · doi:10.20985/1980-5160.2019.v14n1.1480
Investigating Information Systems with the Extended Case Method
González, O. (2019) · International Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (ICIST) · doi:10.1145/3361570.3361581
Individual agent decision-making and outcomes within systems facing disruptions
Mackay, J. (2019) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Smith, T. (2018) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2018-12843
Organising Low-budget Information Systems to Create and Sustain Collective Action for Blood Donation
González, O. (2019) · International Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (ICIST) · doi:10.1145/3361570.3361582
A Process Theory of IT Risk Management Implementation
Azizi, N. (2020) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/3915
Reviving the Individual in Information Systems Theorizing
Taxén, L. (2021) · Technology, work and globalization · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64884-8_11
Developing Novel and Relevant Theoretical Contributions with Literature ReviewsPreprint
Okoli, C. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3774487
Arroud, M., & Elkharraz, A. (2021) · Revue Management & Innovation · doi:10.3917/rmi.204.0045
Recker, J. (2021) · Progress in IS · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85436-2_4
The Bare Minimum of Theory: A Definitional Definition for the Social SciencesPreprint
Okoli, C. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4094877
Kibe, P., Wamugo, L., & Atheru, G. (2023) · International Journal of Finance and Accounting · doi:10.47604/ijfa.2026
Temporality foundations impacting the speed of change in digital transformation
Muchenje, G., & Seppänen, M. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) · doi:10.1109/ice/itmc58018.2023.10332387
Theory and Theorizing in Information Systems
Phahlane, M. M. (2023) · Advances in information quality and management · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9687-6.ch007
Process Innovation with Analytics in Manufacturing: Exploration through Demonstrator Development
Bojer, C. S. (2024) · VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) · doi:10.54337/aau679682469
Macheque, V., Kadyamatimba, A., & Ochara, N. M. (2024) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v13i6.3529 · Cited by 1
Achhaiba, M., Torra, M., Asraoui, I., & El-Guennouni, G. (2025) · Multidisciplinary Science Journal · doi:10.31893/multiscience.2025440
Beyond Linear Thinking: Investigating Business-IT Alignment through Complexity Science
Amarilli, F. (2025) · European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies · doi:10.34190/ecrm.24.1.3669
Gassmann, O., Frankenberger, K., Sauer, R., Blohm, I., & Palmié, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03104-4_1
Parallel, Komplex, Vernetzt – Kompetenzanforderungen zur Steuerung multipler Transformationen
Laule, L., & Bick, M. (2025) · HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik · doi:10.1365/s40702-025-01229-w
Digital Trace Data as Measurement Instruments forVariance-Theoretic Research in Information Systems
Hüllmann, J. A. (2026) · Progress in IS · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05497-5_10
Generating Design Knowledge Without Doing Design: The Design Researcher as Curator
Antunes, P. A., & Drechsler, A. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-28313-9_15
Chen, W.-H. (2026) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2026.103095
Dincelli, E., & Zhou, X. (2026) · The Journal of Strategic Information Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jsis.2026.101980
Artificial Emotional Intelligence
Chen, A., & Ciriello, R. (2026) · Business & Information Systems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12599-026-01026-9
Botsitting : Conceptualizing Value-Enabling Hidden Human Labor in AI-Enabled Work
Dwivedi, Y. K., Crick, T., Michael, K., Samothrakis, S., Sarker, I., Naeem, R. M., Raman, R., Malik, T., Hughes, L., Raghu Raman, R., et al. (2026) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2026.2749411
Metadata
- Authors
- Burton-Jones, A., McLean, E. R., & Monod, E.
- Affiliations
- UQ Business School, The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Georgia State University (US)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- ORCID
- Monod, Emmanuel
- Venue
- European Journal of Information Systems
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 664-679
- ISSN
- 0960-085X (ISSN-L)
- 1476-9344
- OpenAlex
- W2047884962
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 25.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Information Systems (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Management Research
- Keywords
- theoretical approaches, theory development, process perspective, systems approach, DeLone and McLean model, theoretical model, knowledge production
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review