Active materials by four-dimension printing

Thermomechanics of shape memory polymers: Uniaxial experiments and constitutive modeling

Liu, Y., Gall, K., Dunn, M. L., Greenberg, A. R., & Diani, J. (2005) · International Journal of Plasticity · doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2005.03.004 · Cited by 835

A thermoviscoelastic model for amorphous shape memory polymers: Incorporating structural and stress relaxation

Nguyen, T. D., JERRYQI, H., CASTRO, F., & Long, K. (2008) · Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids · doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2008.04.007 · Cited by 456

Finite deformation thermo-mechanical behavior of thermally induced shape memory polymers

Qi, H. J., Nguyen, T. D., Castro, F., Yakacki, C. M., & Shandas, R. (2007) · Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids · doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2007.12.002 · Cited by 432

A thermo-mechanically-coupled large-deformation theory for amorphous polymers in a temperature range which spans their glass transition

Srivastava, V., Chester, S. A., Ames, N. M., & Anand, L. (2010) · International Journal of Plasticity · doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.01.004 · Cited by 270

Thermomechanical Response of Shape Memory Composites

Boyd, J. G., & Lagoudas, D. C. (1994) · Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures · doi:10.1177/1045389x9400500306 · Cited by 255

A 3D finite deformation constitutive model for amorphous shape memory polymers: A multi-branch modeling approach for nonequilibrium relaxation processes

Westbrook, K. K., Kao, P., Castro, F., Ding, Y., & Qi, H. J. (2011) · Mechanics of Materials · doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2011.09.004 · Cited by 232

Mechanisms of multi-shape memory effects and associated energy release in shape memory polymers

Yu, K., Xie, T., Leng, J., Ding, Y., & Qi, H. J. (2012) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c2sm25292a · Cited by 210

Design of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems: A Topology Optimization Approach Based on Multilayer Plates and Shells

Rupp, C. J., Evgrafov, A., Maute, K. K., et al. (2009) · Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures · doi:10.1177/1045389x09341200 · Cited by 199

Variable property rapid prototyping

Oxman, N. (2011) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2011.558588 · Cited by 183

Preparation and Characterization of Shape Memory Elastomeric Composites

Luo, X., & Mather, P. T. (2009) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma9015888 · Cited by 158

Advances in 4D printing of biodegradable photopolymers

Ma, Y., Shih, C., & Bao, Y. (2024) · Responsive materials · doi:10.1002/rpm.20240008 · Cited by 31

Slice coherence in a query-based architecture for 3D heterogeneous printing

Yaman, U., Butt, N., Sacks, E. P., et al. (2016) · Computer-Aided Design · doi:10.1016/j.cad.2016.02.005 · Cited by 29

Filtering structures out of ground structures – a discrete filtering tool for structural design optimization

Junior, A. S. R., & Paulino, G. H. (2016) · Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization · doi:10.1007/s00158-015-1390-1 · Cited by 29

Stochasticity in materials structure, properties, and processing—A review

Hull, R. V., Keblinski, P., Lewis, D., Maniatty, A. M., Meunier, V., Oberai, A. A., Picu, C. R., Samuel, J., Shephard, M. S., Tomozawa, M., et al. (2018) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.4998144 · Cited by 29

Theoretical stiffness limits of 4D printed self-folding metamaterials

van Manen, T., Moosabeiki, V., Saldívar, M. C., Mirzaali, M. J., & ZADPOOR, A. A. (2022) · Communications Materials · doi:10.1038/s43246-022-00265-z · Cited by 29

Additive manufacturing of soft robots

Walker, S., Yirmibeşoğlu, O. D., Daalkhaijav, U., & Mengüç, Y. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102260-3.00014-7 · Cited by 30

Thermomechanical properties and deformation behavior of a unidirectional carbon‐fiber‐reinforced shape memory polymer composite laminate

Lan, X., Liu, L., Liu, Y., & Leng, J. (2019) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.48532 · Cited by 27

Functional flexibility: The potential of morphing composites

Jones, M. P., Murali, G. G., Laurin, F., Robinson, P., & Bismarck, A. (2022) · Composites Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109792 · Cited by 28

Current status and future outlook of 4D printing of polymers and composites-A prospective

Hassan, M., Mohanty, A. K., Wang, T., Dhakal, H. N., & Misra, M. (2025) · Composites Part C Open Access · doi:10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100602 · Cited by 29

The Geometric Design and Fabrication of Actuating Cellular Structures

Guiducci, L., Weaver, J. C., Brechet, Y. J. M., et al. (2015) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.201500011 · Cited by 27

Additive manufacturing with shape changing/memory materials: A review on 4D printing technology

Patil, A. N., & Sarje, S. H. (2021) · Materials Today Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.907 · Cited by 28

Recent advances in molecular programming of liquid crystal elastomers with additive manufacturing for 4D printing

Wang, Y., An, J., & Lee, H. (2022) · Molecular Systems Design & Engineering · doi:10.1039/d2me00124a · Cited by 31

Modulation of the Lower Critical Solution Temperature of Thermoresponsive Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Utilizing Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Monomers

Halligan, E., Zhuo, S., Colbert, D. M., et al. (2023) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym15071595 · Cited by 27

Shape‐memory behavior of high‐strength amorphous thermoplastic poly( para ‐phenylene)

Collins, D., Yakacki, C. M., Lightbody, D., Patel, R. R., & Frick, C. P. (2015) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.42903 · Cited by 28

3D and 4D Printing Technologies: Innovative Process Engineering and Smart Additive Manufacturing

Tan, D. K., Nokhodchi, A., & Maniruzzaman, M. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527813704.ch2 · Cited by 32

Experimental Investigation on Effect of Temperature on FDM 3D Printing Polymers: ABS, PETG, and PLA

Mendenhall, R., & Eslami, B. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app132011503 · Cited by 26

Rigid-flexible coupled origami robots via multimaterial 3D printing

Xue, W., Sun, Z., Ye, H., Liu, Q., Jian, B., Wang, Y., Fang, H., & Ge, Q. (2024) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ad212c · Cited by 26

Shape-Memory Polymers Based on Carbon Nanotube Composites

da Silva, M. M., Proença, M. P., Covas, J. A., & Paiva, M. C. (2024) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi15060748 · Cited by 28

Integrative Modeling and Experimental Insights into 3D and 4D Printing Technologies

Pereira, A. C., Nayak, V. V., Coelho, P. G., & Witek, L. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16192686 · Cited by 26

Overview of 3D and 4D Printing Techniques and their Emerging Applications in Medical Sectors

Kumar, R., & Kumar, S. (2022) · Current Materials Science · doi:10.2174/2666145416666221019105748 · Cited by 26

Advances in 4D printed shape memory composites and structures: Actuation and application

Wang, L., Zhang, F., Du, S., & Leng, J. (2023) · Science China Technological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11431-022-2255-0 · Cited by 26

Characterisation of phases and deformation temperature for additively manufactured shape memory polymer components fabricated from rubberised acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

Chavez, F. J. A., Siqueiros, J. G., Carrete, I. A., Delgado, I. L., Ritter, G. W., & Roberson, D. A. (2018) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2018.1550694 · Cited by 25

Materials, design, and fabrication of shape programmable polymers

Kuang, X., Roach, D. J., Hamel, C. M., Yu, K., & Qi, H. J. (2020) · Multifunctional Materials · doi:10.1088/2399-7532/aba1d9 · Cited by 27

Preshaped 4D Photocurable Ultratough Organogel Microcoils for Personalized Endovascular Embolization

Wang, S., Qiu, M., Liu, J., Yin, T., Wu, C., Huang, C., Han, J., Cheng, S., Peng, Q., Li, Y., et al. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202308130 · Cited by 25

Shape transition and multi-stability of helical ribbons: a finite element method study

Chen, Z. (2014) · Archive of Applied Mechanics · doi:10.1007/s00419-014-0967-2 · Cited by 24

Controllable helical deformations on printed anisotropic composite soft actuators

Wang, D., Li, L., Serjouei, A., Dong, L., Weeger, O., Gu, G., & Ge, Q. (2018) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.5025370 · Cited by 25

Four-dimensional Printing —— the Additive Manufacturing Technology of Intelligent Components

Yusheng, S., Wu, H., Chunze, Y., Xiao, Y., Chen, D., Zhang, C., Bin, S., Song, B., Li, Z., Pang, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.3901/jme.2020.15.001 · Cited by 25

4D Printing Pre-Strained Structures for Fast Thermal Actuation

Zou, Y., Huang, Z., Li, X., & Lv, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2021.661999 · Cited by 27

Renewable Nanocomposites for Additive Manufacturing Using Fused Filament Fabrication

Herrero, M., Peng, F., Núñez, K., Merino, J. C., & Vogt, B. D. (2018) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02919 · Cited by 25

Origami-Inspired Fabrication: Self-Folding or Self-Unfolding of Cross-Linked-Polyimide Objects in Extremely Hot Ambience

Wang, D. H., & Tan, L. (2019) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00198 · Cited by 25

Mechanical characteristics of tunable uniaxial aligned carbon nanotubes induced by robotic extrusion technique for hydrogel nanocomposite

Zhao, W., Hu, S., Shi, Z., Santaniello, T., Lenardi, C., & Huang, J. T. (2019) · Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105707 · Cited by 25

Shaped after print

Dickey, M. D. (2016) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4608 · Cited by 25

Mechanical characterization of 3D-Printed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites and pure polymers: Tensile and compressive behavior analysis

Faidallah, R. F., Hanon, M. M., Szakál, Z., et al. (2024) · International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1556/1848.2024.00796 · Cited by 24

Shell buckling: from morphogenesis of soft matter to prospective applications

Lin, S., Xie, Y. M., Li, Q., Huang, X., Zhang, Z., Ma, G., & Zhou, S. (2018) · Bioinspiration & Biomimetics · doi:10.1088/1748-3190/aacdd1 · Cited by 23

Multiscale optimal design and fabrication of laminated composites

Boddeti, N., Rosen, D. W., Maute, K. K., et al. (2019) · Composite Structures · doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111366 · Cited by 24

Tuning the Upstream Swimming of Microrobots by Shape and Cargo Size

Daddi‐Moussa‐Ider, A., Lisicki, M., & Mathijssen, A. J. T. M. (2020) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.14.024071 · Cited by 24

A 4D‐Printing Inverse Design Strategy for Micromachines with Customized Shape‐Morphing

Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Zheng, J., et al. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202302656 · Cited by 24

Intense pulsed light sintering of thick conductive wires on elastomeric dark substrate for hybrid 3D printing applications

Mu, Q., Lei, M., Roach, D. J., Dunn, C. K., Kuang, X., Yuan, C., Wang, T., & Qi, H. J. (2018) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/aae11f · Cited by 25

Controlled helical deformation of programmable bilayer structures: design and fabrication

Feng, Y., Xu, J., Zeng, S., Gao, Y., & Tan, J. (2020) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ab905d · Cited by 24

Next-generation stimuli-responsive polymers for a sustainable tomorrow

Sahu, B., Maity, S., Jain, A., & Banerjee, S. (2025) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d5cc02729b · Cited by 27

Multi-responsive shape memory polymer printed by fused deposition modeling technique

Liu, J., Zhao, L., Guo, Y., Zhang, H., & Zhang, Z. (2020) · eXPRESS Polymer Letters · doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2020.29 · Cited by 23

Thermally induced deformations in multi-layered polymeric struts

Hanuhov, T., & Cohen, N. (2021) · International Journal of Mechanical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106959 · Cited by 23

A hybrid additive manufacturing process for production of functional fiber-reinforced polymer composite structures

Armstrong, C. D., Yue, L., Kuang, X., Roach, D. J., Dunn, M. L., & Qi, H. J. (2022) · Journal of Composite Materials · doi:10.1177/00219983221119270 · Cited by 23

A knowledge recommendation approach in design for multi-material 4D printing based on semantic similarity vector space model and case-based reasoning

Dimassi, S., Demoly, F., Belkebir, H., Cruz, C., Kim, K.-Y. J., Gomes, S., Qi, H. J., & André, J. (2022) · Computers in Industry · doi:10.1016/j.compind.2022.103824 · Cited by 23

Geometric nonlinearity and mechanical anisotropy in strained helical nanoribbons

Chen, Z. (2014) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c4nr00336e · Cited by 21

Droplet spreading characteristics observed during 3D printing of aligned fiber-reinforced soft composites

Picha, K. C., Spackman, C. C., & Samuel, J. (2016) · Additive manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.addma.2016.08.004 · Cited by 23

Inverse Design Tool for Asymmetrical Self-Rising Surfaces with Color Texture

Gu, J., Narayanan, V., Wang, G., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1145/3424630.3425420 · Cited by 23

A brief review of mechanical designs for additive manufactured soft materials

Zhang, Q., Shi, Y., & Zhao, Z. (2022) · Soft Science · doi:10.20517/ss.2021.22 · Cited by 22

4D Printing of Hydrogels Controlled by Hinge Structure and Spatially Gradient Swelling for Soft Robots

Kameoka, M., Watanabe, Y., Shiblee, M. N. I., Kawakami, M., Ogawa, J., Khosla, A., Furukawa, H., Zhang, S., Hirai, S., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Machines · doi:10.3390/machines11010103 · Cited by 22

Relationship between programming stress and residual strain in FDM 4D printing

Cerbe, F., Mahlstedt, D., Sinapius, M., Hühne, C., & Böl, M. (2023) · Progress in Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s40964-023-00477-w · Cited by 22

4D printing of polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) shape memory polymer – a review

Hamidi, M. N., Abdullah, J., Shuib, R. K., Aziz, I., & Namazi, H. (2024) · Engineering Research Express · doi:10.1088/2631-8695/ad337e · Cited by 26

Variational modeling of plane-strain hyperelastic thin beams with thickness-stretching effect

He, L., Lou, J., Dong, Y., Kitipornchai, S., & Yang, J. (2018) · Acta Mechanica · doi:10.1007/s00707-018-2258-4 · Cited by 22

3D-printed photothermal-responsive shape-memory polymer for soft robotic applications

Ghosh, K., & Kar‐Narayan, S. (2024) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d4cc03549f · Cited by 21

Exploiting Generative Design for 3D Printing of Bacterial Biofilm Resistant Composite Devices

He, Y., Abdi, M., Trindade, G. F., et al. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202100249 · Cited by 21

Shape reconfiguring bistable structures using heat activated fibers

Koh, M., Wang, Y., Shea, K., & Chen, T. (2023) · Engineering Structures · doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116792 · Cited by 21

4D Printing Shape-Morphing Hybrid Biomaterials for Advanced Bioengineering Applications

Chiesa, I., Ceccarini, M. R., Bon, S. B., Codini, M., Beccari, T., Valentini, L., & Maria, C. D. (2023) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma16206661 · Cited by 21

Potentials of additive manufacturing with smart materials for chemical biomarkers in wearable applications

Kwon, J., Park, H. W., Park, Y.-B., & Kim, N. (2017) · International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology · doi:10.1007/s40684-017-0039-5 · Cited by 21

Redeployable, 4D printed wave spring actuators

Chapuis, J. N., & Shea, K. (2023) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112163 · Cited by 20

Vitrimers for 3D Printing Technology: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Sharma, A., Chand, A., Singh, I., & Gaur, B. (2025) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03705 · Cited by 22

4D printing chemical stimuli-responsive hydrogels for tissue engineering and localized drug delivery applications – part 2

Sadraei, A., Naghib, S. M., & Rabiee, N. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2025.2466768 · Cited by 21

Sequential shapeshifting 4D printing: programming the pathway of multi-shape transformation by 3D printing stimuli-responsive polymers

Peng, B., Yang, Y., & Cavicchi, K. A. (2020) · Multifunctional Materials · doi:10.1088/2399-7532/abcbe1 · Cited by 22

Geometrical incompatibility guides pattern selection in growing bilayer tubes

Liu, C., Du, Y., Li, K., et al. (2022) · Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids · doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2022.105087 · Cited by 20

Shape memory polymer blends and composites for 3D and 4D printing applications

Salimon, A. I., Senatov, F. S., Kalyaev, V., & Korsunsky, A. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816805-9.00006-5 · Cited by 19

4D printing biological stimuli-responsive hydrogels for tissue engineering and localized drug delivery applications – part 1

Sadraei, A., Naghib, S. M., & Rabiee, N. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2025.2466772 · Cited by 19

Design and Application of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for 4D Printing: A Review of Adaptive Materials in Engineering

Siddique, M. F., Omar, F., & Al-Marzouqi, A. H. (2026) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels12020138 · Cited by 23

3D/4D Printed Functional Continuous Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites: Progress and Perspectives

Cheng, P., Li, S., Peng, Y. L., Duigou, A. L., Wang, K., & Ahzi, S. (2023) · Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Additive Manufacturing Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.cjmeam.2023.100090 · Cited by 19

The Current Design for Additive Manufacturing Research Frontier

Rosen, D. W. (2024) · International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Smart Technology · doi:10.57062/ijpem-st.2023.0087 · Cited by 19

4D printing of shape memory polymers: Research status and application prospects

Wei, H., Wan, X., Liu, Y., & Leng, J. (2017) · Scientia Sinica Technologica · doi:10.1360/n092017-00156 · Cited by 19

Light activation of 3D‐printed structures: from millimeter to sub‐micrometer scale

Jeong, H. Y., An, S., & Jun, Y. C. (2022) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0652 · Cited by 20

Smart mechano-hydro-dielectric coupled hybrid sponges for multifunctional sensors

Wang, Y., Zhang, K.-L., Zhang, B.-X., Ma, C., Song, W., Hou, Z., & Chen, M. (2018) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2018.05.023 · Cited by 18

4D Printing of Actuating Cardiac Tissue

Serpooshan, V., Hu, J. B., Chirikian, O., Hu, D. A., Mahmoudi, M., & Wu, S. M. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803917-5.00008-0 · Cited by 19

Four-Dimensional Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels Micro-Structured via Femtosecond Laser Additive Manufacturing

Tao, Y., Lu, C., Deng, C., Long, J., Ren, Y., Dai, Z., Tong, Z., Wang, X., Meng, S. Q., Zhang, W., et al. (2021) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi13010032 · Cited by 18

Biomimetic 4D printing of dome-shaped dynamic mechanical metamaterials

Li, G., Tan, L., Ren, L., Zheng, A., Li, Y., He, Z., Wang, K., Han, Z., Liu, Q., Wu, W., et al. (2023) · Journal of Materials Research and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.04.039 · Cited by 18

Energy absorption of PLA-based metamaterials manufactured by material extrusion: dynamic loads and shape recovery

Desole, M. P., Gisario, A., & Barletta, M. (2024) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-024-13430-0 · Cited by 18

An origami-based design approach to self-reconfigurable structures using 4D printing technology

Jian, B., Demoly, F., Zhang, Y., et al. (2019) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.184 · Cited by 18

Hexagon-Twist Frequency Reconfigurable Antennas via Multi-Material Printed Thermo-Responsive Origami Structures

Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Song, W., Chen, M., & Fang, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2020.600863 · Cited by 18

Thermal transport in 3D printed shape memory polymer metamaterials

Farzinazar, S., Wang, Y., Owens, C. A.-H., Yang, C., Lee, H., & Lee, J. (2022) · APL Materials · doi:10.1063/5.0094036 · Cited by 18

Shape memory behavior and mechanism of poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer networks in the presence of star poly(ethylene glycol)

Li, X., Liu, T., Wang, Y., Pan, Y. M., Zheng, Z., Ding, X., & Peng, Y. (2014) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c4ra01635a · Cited by 18

Recent advances in polymer 4D printing: 3D printing techniques, smart material design, and healthcare applications

Wang, Z., Zhang, Z., & Kuang, X. (2025) · Smart Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.smaim.2025.09.001 · Cited by 19

Fabrication, Properties, and Applications of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Chen, S., & Wang, M. (2026) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202501877 · Cited by 18

Bandgap tuning in bioinspired helicoidal composites

Guarín‐Zapata, N., Gómez, J., Kisailus, D., & Zavattieri, P. D. (2019) · Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids · doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2019.07.003 · Cited by 17

Four-Dimensionally Printed Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Shape Memory Polymer Composites with Diverse Deformation Based on an Inhomogeneous Temperature Field

Wang, H., Zhang, Z., Fu, K., & Li, Y. (2023) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym15183740 · Cited by 16

4D Printed Bifurcated Stents with Kirigami-Inspired Structures

Kim, D., Kim, T., & Lee, Y. (2019) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/59746 · Cited by 17

Mono–Material 4D Printing of Digital Shape–Memory Components

Niazy, D., Elsabbagh, A., & Ismail, M. R. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13213767 · Cited by 16

Folding deformation modeling and simulation of 4D printed bilayer structures considering the thickness ratio

Liu, Z., Liu, H., Duan, G., & Tan, J. (2019) · Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids · doi:10.1177/1081286519877563 · Cited by 16

Computational design and fabrication of active 3D-printed multi-state structures for shape morphing

Lumpe, T. S., Tao, M. W., Shea, K., & Levin, D. I. W. (2022) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/aca5d6 · Cited by 15

Multiscale characterisation of the electrical response of 3d printed carbon black polylactic acid

Robin, D., Thomas, N., Roumy, L., et al. (2023) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-023-08840-6 · Cited by 15

Shape-Tunable 4D Printing of LCEs via Cooling Rate Modulation: Stimulus-Free Locking of Actuated State at Room Temperature

Qiu, W., He, X., Fang, Z., Wang, Y., Dong, K., Zhang, G., Xu, X., Ge, Q., & Xiong, Y. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c10210 · Cited by 15

Adaptive Smart Materials in Architecture: Enhancing Durability and Sustainability in Modern Construction

Kallayil, A., Patadiya, J., Kandasubramanian, B., Олегович, А. А., Kchaou, M., & Aldawood, F. K. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c04943 · Cited by 17

On the Takayanagi principle for the shape memory effect and thermomechanical behaviors in polymers with multi-phases

Lu, H., Yu, K., Huang, W., & Leng, J. (2016) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/0964-1726/25/12/125001 · Cited by 15

Topography-guided buckling of swollen polymer bilayer films into three-dimensional structures

Jeong, J., Cho, Y., Lee, S. Y., Gong, X., Kamien, R. D., Yang, S. M., & Yodh, A. G. (2017) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c6sm02299e · Cited by 15

Quantifying the Shape Memory Performance of a Three-Dimensional-Printed Biobased Polyester/Cellulose Composite Material

Barbier, M., Guen, M.-J. L., McDonald‐Wharry, J., Bridson, J. H., & Pickering, K. L. (2021) · 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1089/3dp.2020.0166 · Cited by 17

Beyond 3D: Smart Material Systems for Microscale 4D Printing

Maher, D., Piekarczyk, M., Rezaei, B., & Bunea, A. (2025) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202401950 · Cited by 15

4D Printing: An Emerging Technology in Manufacturing?

Ghi, A., & Rossetti, F. (2016) · Lecture notes in information systems and organisation · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40265-9_12 · Cited by 14

Bio nano ink for 4D printing membrane proteins

Mathews, A. S., Abraham, S., Kumaran, S. K., Fan, J., & Montemagno, C. D. (2017) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c7ra07650a · Cited by 14

3D Printed Actuators: Reversibility, Relaxation, and Ratcheting

Zhao, S., Maas, M., Jansen, K. M. B., & van Hecke, M. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201905545 · Cited by 14

Self‐growing Adaptable Soft Robots

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