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Physiological contribution of the astrocytic environment of neurons to intersynaptic crosstalk
Abstract
Interactions between separate synaptic inputs converging on the same target appear to contribute to the fine-tuning of information processing in the central nervous system. Intersynaptic crosstalk is made possible by transmitter spillover from the synaptic cleft and its diffusion over a distance to neighboring synapses. This is the case for glutamate, which inhibits γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission in several brain regions through the activation of presynaptic receptors. Such heterosynaptic modulation depends on factors that influence diffusion in the extracellular space (ECS). Because glial cells represent a physical barrier to diffusion and, in addition, are essential for glutamate uptake, we investigated the physiological contribution of the astrocytic environment of neurons to glutamate-mediated intersynaptic communication in the brain. Here we show that the reduced astrocytic coverage of magnocellular neurons occurring in the supraoptic nucleus of lactating rats facilitates diffusion in the ECS, as revealed by tortuosity and volume fraction measurements. Under these conditions, glutamate spillover, monitored through metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated depression of GABAergic transmission, is greatly enhanced. Conversely, impeding diffusion with dextran largely prevents crosstalk between glutamatergic and GABAergic afferent inputs. Astrocytes, therefore, by hindering diffusion in the ECS, regulate intersynaptic communication between neighboring synapses and, probably, overall volume transmission in the brain.
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Insulin upregulates LPL activity in glial cells at the same time point where the lowest Angptl4 expression is detected, suggesting Angptl4 may play a role in LPL activity in glial cells.
“Importantly, insulin upregulates LPL activity in glial cells at the same time point where the lowest Angptl4 expression was detected, suggesting that Angptl4 may play a role in LPL activity in glial cells and perhaps in the interplay known to exist between glial cells and neurons [34,35].”
From Differential effects of angiopoietin-like 4 in brain and muscle on regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Piet, R., Vargová, L., Syková, E., Poulain, D. A., & Oliet, S. H. R.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 378, Institut François Magendie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neuroscience, Second Medical Faculty, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Charles University, Videnská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; and Center for Cell Therapy and Tissue Repair, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 18 Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2004-02-06
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2151-2155
- ISSN
- 0027-8424
- 1091-6490
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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