Auxin regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana : A factor of potential importance for auxin–cytokinin-regulated development
Open accessAbstract
One of the most long-lived models in plant science is the belief that the long-distance transport and ratio of two plant hormones, auxin and cytokinin, at the site of action control major developmental events such as apical dominance. We have used in vivo deuterium labeling and mass spectrometry to investigate the dynamics of homeostatic cross talk between the two plant hormones. Interestingly, auxin mediates a very rapid negative control of the cytokinin pool by mainly suppressing the biosynthesis via the isopentenyladenosine-5′-monophosphate-independent pathway. In contrast, the effect of cytokinin overproduction on the entire auxin pool in the plant was slower, indicating that this most likely is mediated through altered development. In addition, we were able to confirm that the lateral root meristems are likely to be the main sites of isopentenyladenosine-5′-monophosphate-dependent cytokinin synthesis, and that the aerial tissue of the plant surprisingly also was a significant source of cytokinin biosynthesis. Our demonstration of shoot-localized synthesis, together with data demonstrating that auxin imposes a very rapid regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis, illustrates that the two hormones can interact also on the metabolic level in controlling plant development, and that the aerial part of the plant has the capacity to synthesize its own cytokinin independent of long-range transport from the root system.
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Cytokinin is produced in roots and the stem and transported acropetally in the xylem.
“Cytokinin is produced in roots and the stem and transported acropetally in the xylem (Nordstrom et al., 2004).”
From Shaping plant architecture (2015) · cites this paper as Nordstrom et al., 2004
Auxin can dampen cytokinin biosynthesis.
“The question of how auxin influences cytokinin as a second messenger was addressed by Nordstrom et al. (2004), who found that auxin can dampen cytokinin biosynthesis (Figure 2A).”
From Shaping plant architecture (2015) · cites this paper as Nordstrom et al., 2004
Cites
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Strigolactone Acts Downstream of Auxin to Regulate Bud Outgrowth in Pea and Arabidopsis
Brewer, P. B., Dun, E. A., Ferguson, B. J., Rameau, C., & Beveridge, C. A. (2009) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.108.134783 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Auxin-cytokinin interactions in the control of shoot branching
Shimizu-Sato, S., Tanaka, M., & Mori, H. (2009) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/s11103-008-9416-3 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Strigolactones enhance competition between shoot branches by dampening auxin transport
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Multiple pathways regulate shoot branching
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<i>BRANCHED1</i> Promotes Axillary Bud Dormancy in Response to Shade in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
González-Grandío, E., Poza-Carrión, C., Sorzano, C. O. S., & Cubas, P. (2013) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.112.108480 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Teichmann, T., & Muhr, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00233 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
“Root tips are a main biosynthesis site of cytokinin (Miyawaki et al., 2004; Nordstrom et al., 2004) and it is tempting to speculate that changes in the cytokinin export from the root to the shoot via the xylem stream provide the postulated long distance signal for root–shoot communication.”
BackgroundApical Dominance and Shoot Branching. Divergent Opinions or Divergent Mechanisms?
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Meldau, S., Erb, M., & Baldwin, I. T. (2012) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcs212 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Axillary bud outgrowth: sending a message
Beveridge, C. A. (2006) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2005.11.006 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Feedback regulation of xylem cytokinin content is conserved in pea and Arabidopsis
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Using Arabidopsis to Study Shoot Branching in Biomass Willow
Ward, S. P., Salmon, J., Hanley, S. J., Karp, A., & Leyser, O. (2013) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.113.218461 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nordström, A., Tarkowski, P., Tarkowska, D., Norbaek, R., Åstot, C., Dolezal, K., & Sandberg, G.
- Affiliations
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (SE)
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Slechtitelu 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Analysis, Swedish Defence Research Agency, NBC Defence, 901 82 Umeå, Sweden; and Department of Horticulture, Danish Institute of Agricultural...
- Corresponding author
- Sandberg, Göran
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2004-05-14
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 8039-8044
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC419553
- OpenAlex
- W2154359837
- Cited by
- 574
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 29.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Keywords
- auxin, cytokinins, cytokinin biosynthesis, auxin-cytokinin interaction, apical dominance, plant hormone transport, Arabidopsis thaliana
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Monophosphate, Cytokinins, Indoleacetic Acids, Isopentenyladenosine, Mutation, Time Factors, Arabidopsis, Plant Roots, Plant Components, Aerial
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