The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A stable isotope aridity index for terrestrial environments
Open accessAbstract
We use the oxygen isotopic composition of tooth enamel from multiple mammalian taxa across eastern Africa to present a proxy for aridity. Here we report tooth enamel δ 18 O values of 14 species from 18 locations and classify them according to their isotopic sensitivity to environmental aridity. The species are placed into two groups, evaporation sensitive (ES) and evaporation insensitive (EI). Tooth enamel δ 18 O values of ES animals increase with aridity, whereas the tooth enamel δ 18 O values of EI animals track local meteoric water δ 18 O values, demonstrating that bioapatite δ 18 O values of animals with different behaviors and physiologies record different aspects of the same environment. The enrichment between tooth enamel δ 18 O values of ES and EI animals records the degree of 18 O enrichment between evaporated water (ingested water or body water) and source water, which increases with environmental aridity. Recognition of the ES–EI distinction creates the opportunity to use the 18 O composition of bioapatite as an index of terrestrial aridity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An Approach toward a Rational Classification of Climate
Thornthwaite, C. W. (1948) · Geographical Review · doi:10.2307/210739 · Cited by 9,087
Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest
Friedman, I., & O'Neil, J. R. (1977) · Professional Paper · doi:10.3133/pp440kk · Cited by 2,691
African climate change and faunal evolution during the Pliocene–Pleistocene
deMenocal, P. B. (2004) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(04)00003-2 · Cited by 1,282
Longinelli, A. (1984) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(84)90259-x · Cited by 1,041
Koch, P. L., Tuross, N., & Fogel, M. L. (1997) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1006/jasc.1996.0126 · Cited by 957
Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research
Rundel, P. W. (1995) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1938169 · Cited by 838
Cane, M. A., & Molnar, P. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35075500 · Cited by 565
Isotopic fractionation of water during evaporation
Cappa, C. D., Hendricks, M. B., DePaolo, D. J., & Cohen, R. C. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2003jd003597 · Cited by 474
Carbon isotope analysis of fossil bone apatite
Thorp, J. L., & van der Merwe, N. J. (1987) · South African Journal of Science · Cited by 470
Pedogenic carbonate proxies for amount and seasonality of precipitation in paleosols
Retallack, G. J. (2005) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g21263.1 · Cited by 423
Cited by
Diet of Paranthropus boisei in the early Pleistocene of East Africa
Cerling, T. E., Mbua, E., Kirera, F. M., Manthi, F. K., Grine, F. E., Leakey, M. G., Sponheimer, M., & Uno, K. T. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1104627108 · Cited by 316
Self-citationStable isotope-based diet reconstructions of Turkana Basin hominins
Cerling, T. E., Manthi, F. K., Mbua, E. N., Leakey, L. N., Leakey, M. G., Leakey, R. E., Brown, F. H., Grine, F. E., Hart, J. A., Kaleme, P., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1222568110 · Cited by 235
Self-citationLate Pleistocene human paleoecology in the highland savanna ecosystem of mainland Southeast Asia
Suraprasit, K., Shoocongdej, R., Chintakanon, K., & Bocherens, H. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96260-4 · Cited by 35
Fenner, J. N., Tumen, D., & Khatanbaatar, D. (2014) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.03.017 · Cited by 24
Carvalho, M., Jones, E. L., Ellis, M. G., Cascalheira, J., Bicho, N., Meiggs, D., Benedetti, M., Friedl, L., & Haws, J. (2022) · Journal of Quaternary Science · doi:10.1002/jqs.3363 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Levin, N. E., Cerling, T. E., Passey, B. H., Harris, J. M., & Ehleringer, J. R.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2006-07-25
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 30
- Pages
- 11201-11205
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W1965510805
- Cited by
- 464
- References
- 28
- FWCI
- 9.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A stable isotope aridity index for terrestrial environments. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0604719103
- The paper
- Levin, N. E., Cerling, T. E., Passey, B. H., Harris, J. M., & Ehleringer, J. R. (2006). A stable isotope aridity index for terrestrial environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604719103
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
