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Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is activated by calmodulin with two bound calciums
Open accessAbstract
Changes in synaptic strength that underlie memory formation in the CNS are initiated by pulses of Ca2+ flowing through NMDA-type glutamate receptors into postsynaptic spines. Differences in the duration and size of the pulses determine whether a synapse is potentiated or depressed after repetitive synaptic activity. Calmodulin (CaM) is a major Ca2+ effector protein that binds up to four Ca2+ ions. CaM with bound Ca2+ can activate at least six signaling enzymes in the spine. In fluctuating cytosolic Ca2+, a large fraction of free CaM is bound to fewer than four Ca2+ ions. Binding to targets increases the affinity of CaM's remaining Ca2+-binding sites. Thus, initial binding of CaM to a target may depend on the target's affinity for CaM with only one or two bound Ca2+ ions. To study CaM-dependent signaling in the spine, we designed mutant CaMs that bind Ca2+ only at the two N-terminal or two C-terminal sites by using computationally designed mutations to stabilize the inactivated Ca2+-binding domains in the "closed" Ca2+-free conformation. We have measured their interactions with CaMKII, a major Ca2+/CaM target that mediates initiation of long-term potentiation. We show that CaM with two Ca2+ ions bound in its C-terminal lobe not only binds to CaMKII with low micromolar affinity but also partially activates kinase activity. Our results support the idea that competition for binding of CaM with two bound Ca2+ ions may influence significantly the outcome of local Ca2+ signaling in spines and, perhaps, in other signaling pathways.
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“This is despite the fact that CaM can activate CaMKII when only two of its four Ca2+ binding sites are occupied (112, 113).”
From Synaptic memory and CaMKII (2023) · cites this paper as [112]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shifman, J. M., Choi, M. H., Mihalas, S., Mayo, S. L., & Kennedy, M. B.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- *Division of Biology and
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2006-09-19
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 38
- Pages
- 13968-13973
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1599897
- OpenAlex
- W2020564163
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Ralph M. Parsons Foundation
- Rice University
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 44306, NS047300, K25NS047300, P01NS044306)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Keywords
- CaMKII, calmodulin, calcium binding sites, calmodulin mutants, kinase activation, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, postsynaptic spines, computational protein design
- MeSH terms
- Calcium, Calmodulin, Computer Simulation, Enzyme Activation, Models, Molecular, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Synapses, Protein Folding, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases, Calcium Signaling, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2
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