Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity provides the basis for most models of learning, memory and development in neural circuits. To generate realistic results, synapse-specific Hebbian forms of plasticity, such as long-term potentiation and depression, must be augmented by global processes that regulate overall levels of neuronal and network activity. Regulatory processes are often as important as the more intensively studied Hebbian processes in determining the consequences of synaptic plasticity for network function. Recent experimental results suggest several novel mechanisms for regulating levels of activity in conjunction with Hebbian synaptic modification. We review three of them-synaptic scaling, spike-timing dependent plasticity and synaptic redistribution-and discuss their functional implications.
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Many forms of correlation-based plasticity have been described biologically, and each is likely to introduce its own unique destabilizing influences on neural circuit function.
“Many forms of correlation-based plasticity have now been described biologically, and each is likely to introduce its own unique destabilizing influences on neural circuit function (Abbott and Nelson 2000).”
From Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Local and Global Mechanisms for Stabilizing Neuronal Function (2012) · cites this paper as Abbott and Nelson 2000
LTP and LTD generate a powerful destabilizing force on network function.
“synapse-specific correlation-based plasticity mechanisms such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) are widely thought to contribute to learning and information storage, but theoreticians have long appreciated that they generate a powerful destabilizing force on network function (Miller and MacKay 1994;Abbott and Nelson 2000).”
From Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Local and Global Mechanisms for Stabilizing Neuronal Function (2012) · cites this paper as Abbott and Nelson 2000
The locus of change during homeostatic plasticity has important consequences for circuit function, because presynaptic changes in release probability affect short-term plasticity and dynamics of information transfer, whereas postsynaptic changes in receptor accumulation can scale postsynaptic responsiveness without affecting short-term dynamics.
“The locus of change during homeostatic plasticity has important consequences for circuit function, because (for example) presynaptic changes in release probability will strongly affect short-term plasticity and thus the dynamics of information transfer across synapses, whereas a postsynaptic change in receptor accumulation can scale postsynaptic responsiveness without affecting the short-term”
From Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Local and Global Mechanisms for Stabilizing Neuronal Function (2012) · cites this paper as Abbott and Nelson 2000
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BackgroundFlexible Neuromorphic Electronics for Computing, Soft Robotics, and Neuroprosthetics
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“The profile of the STDP window can take on different degrees of asymmetry and can even be inverted such that post-after-pre leads to depression rather than strengthening (Abbott and Nelson, 2000; Caporale and Dan, 2008).”
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BackgroundUltrafast Synaptic Events in a Chalcogenide Memristor
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“…or LTD, depending on the relative firing frequency and timing of pre- and postsynaptic neurons (Levy and Stewart, 1983; Malenka and Nicoll, 1999; Abbott and Nelson, 2000; Bi and Poo, 2001; Markram et al., 2011) and voltage of the postsynaptic neuron (Artola and Singer, 1993; Sjöström et al.,…”
BackgroundSelective reconfiguration of layer 4 visual cortical circuitry by visual deprivation
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“Theoretical work has suggested that compensatory, or homeostatic, plasticity mechanisms that stabilize neuronal or network activity are essential for the process of activity-dependent refinemen”
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“Two major issues are stability and competition (Miller and MacKay, 1994; Miller, 1996; Abbott and Nelson, 2000; Song et al., 2000; van Rossum et al., 2000; Rao and Sejnowski, 2001; van Ooyen, 2001).”
BackgroundHippocampus leads ventral striatum in replay of place-reward information
Lansink, C. S., Goltstein, P. M., Lankelma, J. V., McNaughton, B. L., & Pennartz, C. M. A. (2009) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000173 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
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“Recent physiological studies have indicated that such a mechanism (synaptic scaling, see below) is widespread in the nervous syste”
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“Synaptic scaling serves to regulate Hebbian plasticity; an increase in network activity causes a slow compensatory decrease in excitatory synaptic efficacy whereas, a decrease in network activity enhances excitatory synaptic strength [198].”
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“Studies in different brain regions and under varying experimental conditions have revealed a plethora of different types of STDP (7).”
BackgroundDifferent Neuronal Activity Patterns Induce Different Gene Expression Programs
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Two Coincidence Detectors for Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity in Somatosensory Cortex
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“In STDP, LTP is typically induced when presynaptic spikes lead postsynaptic spikes by 0 to 20 ms, and LTD is induced when the order is reversed, for delays up to 100 ms (Abbott and Nelson, 2000; Dan and Poo, 2004).”
BackgroundLearning Real-World Stimuli in a Neural Network with Spike-Driven Synaptic Dynamics
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“…of synaptic plasticity based on spike timing (STDP) have been studied both in recurrent neural networks and at the level of single synapses (see Abbott & Nelson, 2000; Kempter, Gerstner, & van Hemmen, 2001; Rubin, Lee, & Sompolinsky, 2001; Burkitt, Meffin, & Grayden, 2004), in which the authors…”
BackgroundDifferential Corticostriatal Plasticity during Fast and Slow Motor Skill Learning in Mice
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“equation (15)), Sj/i(t) are the pre/postsynaptic spike trains and G(t) is a quantity that linearly depends on the global secreted factor H(t).”
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“…scale: some processes, e.g. pulse paired facilitation, decay on the order of about 10–100 ms; other processes, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD), persist for hours, days, or longer (Lømo 1966, Magleby and Zengel 1976, Abbott and Nelson 2000, Citri and Malenka 2008).”
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“It is widely agreed that neurons require some kind of homeostatic mechanism to prevent circuit instability and runaway synaptic potentiation during experience-dependent plasticity (Abbott and Nelson, 2000; Turrigiano and Nelson, 2004; Davis 2006; Marder and Goaillard, 2006; Pozo and Goda, 2010), but the exact form thi…”
BackgroundReinforcement Learning Through Modulation of Spike-Timing-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity
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“…(without considering the homeostatic mechanism introduced in section 2.2), we use an exponential dependence of plasticity on the relative spike timings , and we consider that the effect of different spike pairs is additive, as in previous studies (Song et al., 2000; Abbott & Nelson, 2000).”
MethodInfluentialConservation of total synaptic weight through balanced synaptic depression and potentiation
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“However, when such plastic synapses are incorporated into neural network models, stability problems may develop because the potentiation or depression of synapses increases the likelihood that they will be further strengthened or weakene”
BackgroundNeuromorphic device architectures with global connectivity through electrolyte gating.
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Optimal Degrees of Synaptic Connectivity
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“The logic of experience-dependent circuit modifications is less clear in cerebral cortex, where densely connected neurons exhibit diverse forms of synaptic plasticity (Abbott and Nelson, 2000).”
Self-citationActivity-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity of a Chalcogenide Electronic Synapse for Neuromorphic Systems
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“…furher, and the temporal asymmetry that may be present in LTP has een suggested as a mechanism that might provide some of the emporal properties that are necessary for the brain to store and ecall sequences (Abbott and Blum, 1996; Abbott and Nelson, 2000; arkram et al., 1998; Minai and Levy, 1993).”
Neural plasticity and behavior – sixty years of conceptual advances
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“In other synapses, reversing the order of pairing so that the postsynaptic action potential precedes the presynaptic action potential leads to NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression (Bi and Poo, 1998; Abbott and Nelson, 2000; Feldman, 2000).”
BackgroundAttention, short-term memory, and action selection: A unifying theory
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“We describe now the specific implementation of the spikefrequency-adaptation mechanism that we used in the rulemodule: a short-term synaptic depression (Abbott and Nelson, 2000), following the details provided by Dayan and Abbot (2001, p.”
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“Blocking any ticity (Abbott and Nelson, 2000; Gnegy, 2000), which one pathway would diminish the total cAMP effect to also involves process outgrowth, it is reasonable to susbelow threshold, and inhibition would not be overcome. pect that polyamines might overcome inhibition by More reasonably,…”
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“…is abundant theoretical and experimental evidence that network stability is achieved through homeostatic plasticity mechanisms that adjust synaptic and neuronal properties to stabilize some measure of average activity (Turrigiano et al., 1998; Abbott and Nelson, 2000; Turrigiano and Nelson, 2004).”
Coactivation and timing-dependent integration of synaptic potentiation and depression
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- Authors
- Abbott, L. F., & Nelson, S. B.
- Affiliations
- Brandeis University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Abbott, L. F.
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- S11
- Pages
- 1178-1183
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W1489333352
- Cited by
- 2,263
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 87 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 121 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 137 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 91 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 86
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ey011116-07)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH058754, MH58754)
- National Eye Institute (EY11116)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- synaptic plasticity, Hebbian plasticity, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, synaptic scaling, spike-timing-dependent plasticity, learning and memory, neural development
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Humans, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Synapses, Receptors, Glutamate, Long-Term Potentiation
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