An approach to electrical modeling of single and multiple cells
Open accessAbstract
Previous theoretical approaches to understanding effects of electric fields on cells have used partial differential equations such as Laplace's equation and cell models with simple shapes. Here we describe a transport lattice method illustrated by a didactic multicellular system model with irregular shapes. Each elementary membrane region includes local models for passive membrane resistance and capacitance, nonlinear active sources of the resting potential, and a hysteretic model of electroporation. Field amplification through current or voltage concentration changes with frequency, exhibiting significant spatial heterogeneity until the microwave range is reached, where cellular structure becomes almost "electrically invisible." In the time domain, membrane electroporation exhibits significant heterogeneity but occurs mostly at invaginations and cell layers with tight junctions. Such results involve emergent behavior and emphasize the importance of using multicellular models for understanding tissue-level electric field effects in higher organisms.
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As the frequency of the field increases, the high membrane field gain diminishes, allowing for higher field intensities to penetrate into the cell.
“as the frequency of the field increases, the high membrane field gain diminishes, allowing for higher field intensities to penetrate into the cell.”
From An Overview of Sub-Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Action of TTFields (2016) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Gowrishankar, T. R., & Weaver, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2003-03-07
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 3203-3208
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC152270
- OpenAlex
- W2146657034
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Inactivation Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- electric field effects on cells, multicellular models, resting membrane potential, electroporation, hysteresis, field enhancement, tight junctions, cell invagination, emergent behavior
- MeSH terms
- Cells, Electric Conductivity, Electrolytes, Electromagnetic Fields, Ion Channels, Membrane Potentials, Models, Biological, Electroporation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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