Evidence for emergence of diverse polioviruses from c-cluster coxsackie a viruses and implications for global poliovirus eradication
Open accessAbstract
The poliovirus (PV) eradication campaign is conducted on the premise that this virus, because of the lack of a zoonotic reservoir, will not reemerge once eradicated. This report examines the origin of PV using theoretical and experimental approaches. Our rooted phylogenetic analysis suggests a speciation of PV from a C-cluster coxsackie A virus (C-CAV) ancestor through mutation of the capsid that caused a receptor switch from intercellular adhesion molecule-1 to CD155, leading to a change of pathogenicity. This hypothesis is supported experimentally with chimeras generated from three different pairs of PV and C-CAV. Those carrying the PV capsid and the replication proteins of C-CAVs replicated well, whereas their reciprocal counterparts were either debilitated or dead. This phenomenon of asymmetry is observed also in recombinants between PV1 and C-CAV20, selected in tissue culture cells using a previously undescribed protocol. The recombinants are generated at frequencies of 10 −6 typical for PV interserotype recombination. Strikingly, they resemble genetically and phenotypically, including neurovirulence in CD155 transgenic mice, the large majority of circulating vaccine-derived PVs that have caused poliomyelitis outbreaks in different parts of the world. These data provide experimental evidence for C-CAVs being partners to PVs in generating diverse PV progeny by homologous recombination. They support speciation of a novel human pathogen (PV) from a pool of different human pathogens (C-CAVs). In a PV-free world without PV neutralizing antibodies, contemporary C-CAV, like their ancestor(s), could be fertile ground for a PV-like agent to emerge by mutation.
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PVs and HEV-C should be considered to be members of a single species.
“and lend support to the proposal that PVs and HEV-C should be considered to be members of a single species [5,36,55,56].”
From Co-Circulation and Evolution of Polioviruses and Species C Enteroviruses in a District of Madagascar (2007) · cites this paper as [55]
This hypothesis was recently supported experimentally with recombinant viruses generated from PVs and CA20 or CA21 prototype strains.
“This hypothesis was recently supported experimentally with recombinant viruses generated from PVs and CA20 or CA21 prototype strains [55].”
From Co-Circulation and Evolution of Polioviruses and Species C Enteroviruses in a District of Madagascar (2007) · cites this paper as [55]
The genetic structure resembling that of cVDPV, with a PV capsid, consistently survived much better than did their reciprocal counterparts with a CAV capsid.
“The genetic structure resembling that of cVDPV, with a PV capsid, consistently survived much better than did their reciprocal counterparts with a CAV capsid.”
From Recombination between Poliovirus and Coxsackie A Viruses of Species C: A Model of Viral Genetic Plasticity and Emergence (2011) · cites this paper as [111]
The PV1/CV-A20 recombinants were nearly as neurovirulent in Tg-PVR mice as wild PV1.
“Interestingly, the PV1/CV-A20 recombinants were nearly as neurovirulent in Tg-PVR mice as wild PV1 [111].”
From Recombination between Poliovirus and Coxsackie A Viruses of Species C: A Model of Viral Genetic Plasticity and Emergence (2011) · cites this paper as [111]
This suggested that some CAVs can be recombination partners of PV in nature.
“This suggested that some CAVs can be recombination partners of PV in nature.”
From Recombination between Poliovirus and Coxsackie A Viruses of Species C: A Model of Viral Genetic Plasticity and Emergence (2011) · cites this paper as [111]
A non-functional interaction between the protein VP3 of some CAVs and the protein 2C of PV could explain the defect in multiplication of CAV/PV recombinants and their apparent absence in nature.
“A non-functional interaction between the protein VP3 of some CAVs and the protein 2C of PV could explain the defect in multiplication of CAV/PV recombinants [111,112] and their apparent absence in nature [88].”
From Recombination between Poliovirus and Coxsackie A Viruses of Species C: A Model of Viral Genetic Plasticity and Emergence (2011) · cites this paper as [111]
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- Authors
- Jiang, P., Faase, J. A. J., Toyoda, H., Paul, A., Wimmer, E., & Gorbalenya, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Wimmer, Eckard
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2007-05-29
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 9457-9462
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1874223
- OpenAlex
- W2026369794
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (LSHG-CT-2004-511960)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 650300)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI-15122, R37AI015122, R01AI015122)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- poliovirus, coxsackievirus A, CD155, ICAM-1, homologous recombination, vaccine-derived poliovirus, polio eradication, neurovirulence, chimeric viruses, poliomyelitis outbreak
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Transgenic, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Poliomyelitis, Receptors, Virus, Selection, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Poliovirus, Mice
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