The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism
Open accessAbstract
Children's intellectual development is influenced by both genetic inheritance and environmental experiences. Breastfeeding is one of the earliest such postnatal experiences. Breastfed children attain higher IQ scores than children not fed breast milk, presumably because of the fatty acids uniquely available in breast milk. Here we show that the association between breastfeeding and IQ is moderated by a genetic variant in FADS2 , a gene involved in the genetic control of fatty acid pathways. We confirmed this gene–environment interaction in two birth cohorts, and we ruled out alternative explanations of the finding involving gene–exposure correlation, intrauterine growth, social class, and maternal cognitive ability, as well as maternal genotype effects on breastfeeding and breast milk. The finding shows that environmental exposures can be used to uncover novel candidate genes in complex phenotypes. It also shows that genes may work via the environment to shape the IQ, helping to close the nature versus nurture debate.
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Citations
Cites
Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083968 · Cited by 8,120
Self-citationThe International HapMap Project
†The International HapMap Consortium, Genotyping centres: Baylor College of Medicine and ParAllele BioScience, Gibbs, R. A., Belmont, J. W., Hardenbol, P., Willis, T. D., Yu, F., Chinese HapMap Consortium, Yang, H., Ch'ang, L.-Y., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02168 · Cited by 6,057
Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Rutter, M., & Silva, P. A. (2001) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511490057 · Cited by 1,418
Self-citationWhy g matters: The complexity of everyday life
Gottfredson, L. S. (1997) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(97)90014-3 · Cited by 1,408
Gene–environment interactions in human diseases
Hunter, D. J. (2005) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1578 · Cited by 1,132
Strategy for Investigating Interactions Between Measured Genes and Measured Environments
Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Rutter, M. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.5.473 · Cited by 784
Self-citationNeurobiology of intelligence: science and ethics
Gray, J. R., & Thompson, P. M. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1405 · Cited by 479
Trouton, A., Spinath, F. M., & Plomin, R. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202320906255 · Cited by 410
Dietary essential fatty acids and brain function: a developmental perspective on mechanisms
Wainwright, P. E. (2002) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2001130 · Cited by 346
Cited by
Risch, N., Herrell, R., Lehner, T., Liang, K.-Y., Eaves, L., Hoh, J., Griem, A., Kovacs, M., Ott, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.878 · Cited by 1,655
“Surtees et al,25 2006 4175 (1950) 60 (41-80) 33 49 18 Crosssectional No List of Threatening Eventsb Major depression (DSM-IV) Failed to replicate”
BackgroundInfluentialCaspi, A., Hariri, A. R., Holmes, A., Uher, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09101452 · Cited by 1,346
Self-citationVulnerability genes or plasticity genes?
Belsky, J., Jonassaint, C., Pluess, M., Stanton, M., Brummett, B., & Williams, R. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.44 · Cited by 1,017
Intelligence: New findings and theoretical developments
Nisbett, R. E., Aronson, J., Blair, C., Dickens, W., Flynn, J., Halpern, D. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2012) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0026699 · Cited by 1,031
Breastfeeding and intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Horta, B. L., Loret de Mola, C., & Victora, C. G. (2015) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.13139 · Cited by 767
Metadata
- Authors
- Caspi, A., Williams, B., Kim-Cohen, J., Craig, I. W., Milne, B. J., Poulton, R., Schalkwyk, L. C., Taylor, A., Werts, H., & Moffitt, T. E.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2007-11-20
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 47
- Pages
- 18860-18865
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W1984169180
- Cited by
- 385
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 24.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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