Neurobiology of intelligence: science and ethics

Gray, Jeremy R.; Thompson, Paul M.

doi:10.1038/nrn1405

Cited by 479Cognitive Abilities and TestingNeuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical InnovationsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Neurobiology of intelligence: science and ethics

Gray, Jeremy R., Thompson, Paul M.·2004·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nrn1405

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nrn1405

Cites

171 of 171 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Fluid intelligence outcome tasks were selected according to published guidelines listing metrics that load strongly on Gf.
“In our selection of Gf tasks, we followed previously published guidelines that include a list of common metrics that load strongly on Gf (Ackerman, Beier, & Boyle, 2005;Gray & Thompson, 2004).”
From Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis (2015) · cites this paper as Gray & Thompson, 2004
The RPM-test is one of the best measures of general intelligence.
“A recent review showed that the RPM-test is one of the best measures of general intelligence (Gray & Thompson, 2004).”
From Altruistic behavior as a costly signal of general intelligence (2007) · cites this paper as Gray & Thompson, 2004

An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803 · see citing works
A Treatise of Human Nature
Hume, D. A. (1739) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511620409.040 · Cited by 9,855 · see citing works
Handbook of Positive Psychology
(2001) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195135336.001.0001 · Cited by 9,149 · see citing works
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797 · Cited by 8,181 · see citing works
dbSNP: the NCBI database of genetic variation
Sherry, S. T. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.1.308 · Cited by 7,502 · see citing works
"General Intelligence," Objectively Determined and Measured
Spearman, C. (1904) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1412107 · Cited by 6,207 · see citing works
The Cognitive neurosciences
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-0626 · Cited by 4,726 · see citing works
Handbook of Competence and Motivation
Elliot, A. J., & Dweck, C. S. (2013) · Cited by 4,671 · see citing works
The Intuitive Psychologist And His Shortcomings: Distortions in the Attribution Process
Ross, L. (1977) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60357-3 · Cited by 4,170 · see citing works
Human Cognitive Abilities: A Survey of Factor-Analytic Studies
Carroll, J. B. (1993) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571312 · Cited by 4,121 · see citing works
The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life.
Preston, S. H., Herrnstein, R. J., & Murray, C. A. (1995) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/2137757 · Cited by 4,027 · see citing works
Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families
Neale, M. C., & Cardon, L. R. (1992) · doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8018-2 · Cited by 4,005 · see citing works
The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function
Egan, M. F., Kojima, M., Callicott, J. H., Goldberg, T. E., Kolachana, B. S., Bertolino, A., Zaitsev, E., Gold, B., Goldman, D., Dean, M., et al. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00035-7 · Cited by 3,888 · see citing works
The mismeasure of man
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-2458 · Cited by 3,746 · see citing works
Imaging Cognition II: An Empirical Review of 275 PET and fMRI Studies
Cabeza, R., & Nyberg, L. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/08989290051137585 · Cited by 3,598 · see citing works
Human cognitive abilities a survey of factor-analytic studies
Carroll, J. B. (2004) · Cited by 3,396 · see citing works
Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach.
Engle, R. W., Tuholski, S. W., Laughlin, J. E., & Conway, A. R. A. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.3.309 · Cited by 3,078 · see citing works
Interpreting patterns of gene expression with self-organizing maps: Methods and application to hematopoietic differentiation
Tamayo, P., Slonim, D. K., Mesirov, J. P., Zhu, Q., Kitareewan, S., Dmitrovsky, E., Lander, E. S., & Golub, T. R. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.2907 · Cited by 2,924 · see citing works
Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns.
Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T. J., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., Halpern, D. F., Loehlin, J. C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R. J., et al. (1996) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.2.77 · Cited by 2,913 · see citing works
Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence
Clarke, A. M., & Sternberg, R. J. (1986) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3121332 · Cited by 2,856 · see citing works
Storage and Executive Processes in the Frontal Lobes
Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5408.1657 · Cited by 2,834 · see citing works
The g factor: the science of mental ability
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-2443 · Cited by 2,760 · see citing works
Effect of COMT Val 108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia
Egan, M. F., Goldberg, T. E., Kolachana, B. S., Callicott, J. H., Mazzanti, C. M., Straub, R. E., Goldman, D. A., & Weinberger, D. R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.111134598 · Cited by 2,374 · see citing works
Changes in grey matter induced by training
Draganski, B., Gaser, C., Busch, V., Schuierer, G., Bogdahn, U., & May, A. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/427311a · Cited by 2,373 · see citing works
The Cognitive neurosciences
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-5931 · Cited by 2,337 · see citing works
A probabilistic atlas and reference system for the human brain: International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM)
Mazziotta, J. C., Toga, A. W., Evans, A. C., Fox, P. T., Lancaster, J. L., Zilles, K., Woods, R. P., Paus, T., Simpson, G. V., Pike, G. B., et al. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0915 · Cited by 2,334 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective
Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2002) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196323 · Cited by 2,229 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1995) · Cited by 1,979 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1980) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 1,935 · see citing works
Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure.
Flynn, J. R. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.171 · Cited by 1,918 · see citing works
Abilities: Their Structure, Growth, and Action
Jensen, A. R., & Cattell, R. B. (1974) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422024 · Cited by 1,881 · see citing works
Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?!
Kyllonen, P. C., & Christal, R. E. (1990) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(05)80012-1 · Cited by 1,810 · see citing works
Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence
Sternberg, R. J. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315808246 · Cited by 1,771 · see citing works
Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: The contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference.
Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.1.47 · Cited by 1,725 · see citing works
Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior.
Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., & Loehlin, J. C. (1977) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.84.2.309 · Cited by 1,685 · see citing works
What one intelligence test measures: A theoretical account of the processing in the Raven Progressive Matrices Test.
Carpenter, P. A., Just, M. A., & Shell, P. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.3.404 · Cited by 1,648 · see citing works
Advances in the psychology of human intelligence
Eysenck, H. J. (1983) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(83)90111-0 · Cited by 1,563 · see citing works
Why g matters: The complexity of everyday life
Gottfredson, L. S. (1997) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(97)90014-3 · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Abilities: Their Structure, Growth, and Action
Merrifield, P. R., & Cattell, R. B. (1975) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162752 · Cited by 1,398 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children
Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., D'Onofrio, B., & Gottesman, I. I. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x · Cited by 1,373 · see citing works
Sources of human psychological differences: the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart
Bouchard, T. J., Lykken, D. T., McGue, M., Segal, N. L., & Tellegen, A. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2218526 · Cited by 1,373 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Bouchard et al.(83) found that growing up in the same family increased IQ similarities for all types of relatives.”
Influential
Working memory capacity and its relation to general intelligence
Conway, A. R. A., Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.10.005 · Cited by 1,223 · see citing works
Converging evidence that stereotype threat reduces working memory capacity.
Schmader, T., & Johns, M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.440 · Cited by 1,112 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of general fluid intelligence
Gray, J. R., Chabris, C. F., & Braver, T. S. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1014 · Cited by 1,080 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of the anterior prefrontal cortex in human cognition
Koechlin, É., Basso, G., Pietrini, P., Panzer, S., & Grafman, J. H. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/20178 · Cited by 1,046 · see citing works
A Neural Basis for General Intelligence
Duncan, J., Seitz, R. J., Kolodny, J., Bor, D., Herzog, H. R., Ahmed, A., Newell, F. N., & Emslie, H. C. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5478.457 · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works
Genetic influences on brain structure
Thompson, P. M., Cannon, T. D., Narr, K. L., van Erp, T. G. M., Poutanen, V.-P., HUTTUNEN, M. O., Lönnqvist, J. K., Standertskjöld-Nordenstam, C.-G., Kaprio, J. A., Khaledy, M., et al. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn758 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
Self-citation
Not in our Genes; Biology, Ideology and Human Nature
Emery, A. (1985) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(85)90067-0 · Cited by 948 · see citing works
Prefrontal cortical function and anxiety: Controlling attention to threat-related stimuli
Bishop, S., Duncan, J., Brett, M., & Lawrence, A. D. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1173 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: Anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought.
Baumeister, R. F., Twenge, J. M., & Nuss, C. K. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.4.817 · Cited by 910 · see citing works
Intelligence and the Frontal Lobe: The Organization of Goal-Directed Behavior
Duncan, J., Emslie, H., Williams, P., Johnson, R., & Freer, C. (1996) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1996.0008 · Cited by 902 · see citing works
Familial Studies of Intelligence: A Review
Bouchard, T. J., & McGue, M. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7195071 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
Integration of emotion and cognition in the lateral prefrontal cortex
Gray, J. R., Braver, T. S., & Raichle, M. E. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.062381899 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Theory of Successful Intelligence
Sternberg, R. J. (1999) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.3.4.292 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
The vectors of mind.
Thurstone, L. L. (1934) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10049-016 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Substantial Genetic Influence on Cognitive Abilities in Twins 80 or More Years Old
McClearn, G. E., Johansson, B. E. A., Berg, S., Pedersen, N. L., Ahern, F. M., Petrill, S. A., & Plomin, R. J. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5318.1560 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
Handbook of Intelligence
Sternberg, R. J. (2000) · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Cortical glucose metabolic rate correlates of abstract reasoning and attention studied with positron emission tomography
Haier, R. J., Siegel, B. V., Nuechterlein, K. H., Hazlett, E. A., Wu, J. C., Paek, J., Browning, H. L., & Buchsbaum, M. S. (1988) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(88)90016-5 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Not in Our Genes: Biology, Ideology, and Human Nature
Lewontin, R. C., Rose, S., & Kamin, L. J. (1984) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects: The IQ paradox resolved.
Dickens, W. T., & Flynn, J. R. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.2.346 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Neurocognitive enhancement: what can we do and what should we do?
Farah, M. J., Illes, J., Cook-Deegan, R. M., Gardner, H., Kandel, E. R., King, P., Parens, E., Sahakian, B. J., & Wolpe, P. R. (2004) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1390 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Rostrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Involvement in Relational Integration during Reasoning
Kalina Christoff, A., Prabhakaran, V., Dorfman, J., Zhao, Z., Kroger, J. K., Holyoak, K. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0922 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Neurophysiological Measures of Working Memory and Individual Differences in Cognitive Ability and Cognitive Style
Gevins, A. S. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.9.829 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
ASPM is a major determinant of cerebral cortical size
Bond, J., Roberts, E., Mochida, G. H., Hampshire, D. J., Scott, S., Askham, J. M., Springell, K., Mahadevan, M., Crow, Y. J., Markham, A. F., et al. (2002) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng995 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Origins of Neuroscience
Finger, S. (1994) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195065039.001.0001 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Structural brain variation and general intelligence
Haier, R. J., Jung, R. E., Yeo, R. A., Head, K., & Alkire, M. T. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.04.025 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Fluid intelligence after frontal lobe lesions
Duncan, J., Burgess, P., & Emslie, H. (1995) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(94)00124-8 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Exploring the neurological substrate of emotional and social intelligence
Bar-On, R. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg177 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Neural Substrates of Fluid Reasoning: An fMRI Study of Neocortical Activation during Performance of the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test
Prabhakaran, V., Smith, J. A., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1997) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1997.0659 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Regional glucose metabolic changes after learning a complex visuospatial/motor task: a positron emission tomographic study
Haier, R. J., Siegel, B. V., MacLachlan, A., Soderling, E., Lottenberg, S., & Buchsbaum, M. S. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90573-r · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Nature, nurture & psychology.
Plomin, R. J., & McClearn, G. E. (1993) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10131-000 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
The heritability of IQ
Devlin, B., Daniels, M., & Roeder, K. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41319 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Recruitment of Anterior Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Human Reasoning: a Parametric Study of Relational Complexity
Kroger, J. K. (2002) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/12.5.477 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
A system for relational reasoning in human prefrontal cortex
Waltz, J. A., Knowlton, B. J., Holyoak, K. J., Boone, K. B., Mishkin, F. S., de Menezes Santos, M., Thomas, C. R., & Miller, B. L. (1999) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00118 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Mapping the genetic variation of executive attention onto brain activity
Fan, J., Fossella, J., Sommer, T., Wu, Y., & Posner, M. I. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0732088100 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
The Association Between Duration of Breastfeeding and Adult Intelligence
Mortensen, E. L. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.18.2365 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Do frequency representations eliminate conjunction effects? An exercise in adversarial collaboration
Mellers, B., Hertwig, R., & Kahneman, D. (2001) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00350 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
The Blank Slate
Pinker, S. (2006) · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Intelligence and brain structure in normal individuals
Andreasen, N. C., Flaum, M., Swayze, V. W., OʼLeary, D. S., Alliger, R. J., Cohen, G., Ehrhardt, J. C., & Yuh, W. T. C. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.1.130 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
The Role of Frontopolar Cortex in Subgoal Processing during Working Memory
Braver, T., & Bongiolatti, S. R. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.1019 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
American Eugenics: Race, Queer Anatomy, and the Science of Nationalism
Ordover, N. (2003) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Schooling, intelligence, and income.
Ceci, S. J., & Williams, W. M. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.10.1051 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Intelligence and changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate following learning
Haier, R. J., Siegel, B., Tang, C., Abel, L., & Buchsbaum, M. S. (1992) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(92)90018-m · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Genetic and neurochemical modulation of prefrontal cognitive functions in children
Diamond, A., Briand, L., Fossella, J., & Gehlbach, L. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.125 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures.
(1998) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10270-000 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Introduction to the Special Section on Cognitive Abilities: 100 Years After Spearman's (1904) "'General Intelligence,' Objectively Determined and Measured".
Lubinski, D. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.96 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Looking down on human intelligence.
Deary, I. J., & Stough, C. K. K. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.52.10.1148 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
The association between brain volume and intelligence is of genetic origin
Posthuma, D., De Geus, E. J. C., Baaré, W. F. C., Pol, H. E. H., Kahn, R. S., & Boomsma, D. I. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn0202-83 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
How heritability misleads about race
Block, N. J. (1995) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00678-r · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Cholinergic Enhancement and Increased Selectivity of Perceptual Processing During Working Memory
Furey, M. L., Pietrini, P., & Haxby, J. V. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2315 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Quantitative Genetic Modeling of Variation in Human Brain Morphology
Baaré, W. F. C. (2001) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/11.9.816 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Behavioral genetics of cognitive ability: A life-span perspective.
McGue, M., Bouchard, T. J., Iacono, W. G., & Lykken, D. T. (1993) · Nature, nurture & psychology. · doi:10.1037/10131-003 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
The Swedish Adoption Twin Study of Aging: An Update
Pedersen, N. L., McClearn, G. E., Plomin, R. J., Nesselroade, J. R., Berg, S., & DeFaire, U. (1991) · Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae · doi:10.1017/s0001566000006681 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Looking Down on Human Intelligence
Deary, I. (2000) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524175.001.0001 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Three Seductive Ideas
Kagan, J. (1998) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv21hrh6q · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Emerging ethical issues in neuroscience
Farah, M. J. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1102-1123 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Heritability of lobar brain volumes in twins supports genetic models of cerebral laterality and handedness
Geschwind, D. H., Miller, B. L., DeCarli, C. S., & Carmelli, D. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.052494999 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Human Genetics
Vogel, F., & Motulsky, A. G. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03356-2 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
A Note on the Statistical Power in Extended Twin Designs
Posthuma, D., & Boomsma, D. I. (2000) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1001959306025 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Incorporating general intelligence into epidemiology and the social sciences
Lubinski, D., & Humphreys, L. G. (1997) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(97)90016-7 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Understanding the nature of the general factor of intelligence: The role of individual differences in neural plasticity as an explanatory mechanism.
Garlick, D. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.1.116 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Genetic Contributions to Regional Variability in Human Brain Structure: Methods and Preliminary Results
Wright, I. C., Sham, P. C., Murray, R. M., Weinberger, D. R., & Bullmore, E. T. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1163 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Toward Behavioral Genomics
McGuffin, P., Riley, B. P., & Plomin, R. J. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1057264 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Race and Intelligence
Lewontin, R. C. (1970) · Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists · doi:10.1080/00963402.1970.11457774 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Context-dependent, neural system-specific neurophysiological concomitants of ageing: mapping PET correlates during cognitive activation
Esposito, G., Kirkby, B. S., Horn, J. D. V., Ellmore, T. M., & Berman, K. F. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.5.963 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of three-term relational reasoning
Goel, V., & Dolan, R. J. (2001) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00024-0 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Bridging psychology and biology: the analysis of individuals in groups.
Kosslyn, S. M., Cacioppo, J. T., Davidson, R. J., Hugdahl, K., Lovallo, W. R., Spiegel, D., & Rose, R. (2002) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.57.5.341 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
A Twin MRI Study of Size Variations in the Human Brain
Pennington, B. F., Filipek, P. A., Lefly, D. L., Chhabildas, N. A., Kennedy, D. N., Simon, J. H., Filley, C. M., Galaburda, A. M., & DeFries, J. C. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900561850 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Breast feeding and cognitive development in childhood: a prospective birth cohort study
Oddy, W. H., Kendall, G. E., Blair, E., De Klerk, N. H., Stanley, F. J., Landau, L. I., Silburn, S., & Zubrick, S. (2003) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00464.x · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Exploring the Neural Basis of Cognitive Reserve
Stern, Y., Zarahn, E., Hilton, H. J., Flynn, J., DeLaPaz, R. L., & Rakitin, B. C. (2003) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.25.5.691.14573 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
A religious upbringing reduces the influence of genetic factors on disinhibition: Evidence for interaction between genotype and environment on personality
Boomsma, D. I., de Geus, E. J. C., van Baal, G., & Koopmans, J. (1999) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905299320565988 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Intelligence and neural efficiency
Neubauer, A. C., Fink, A., & Schrausser, D. G. (2002) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(02)00091-0 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Partitioning environmental and genetic contributions to behavioral development.
Loehlin, J. C. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.10.1285 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
From neuroimaging to neuroethics
Illes, J., Kirschen, M. P., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn0303-205 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Cognitive reserve modulates functional brain responses during memory tasks: a PET study in healthy young and elderly subjects
Scarmeas, N., Zarahn, E., Anderson, K. E., Hilton, J., Flynn, J., Heertum, R. L. V., Sackeïm, H. A., & Stern, Y. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00074-0 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
A critical evaluation of the evidence on the association between type of infant feeding and cognitive development
Drane, D. L., & Logemann, J. A. (2000) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.2000.00301.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
GENETICS AND INTELLIGENCE
Lipsitt, L. P. (1976) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/014919 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Brain structure in men remains highly heritable in the seventh and eighth decades of life☆
Pfefferbaum, A., Sullivan, E. V., Swan, G. E., & Carmelli, D. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00086-5 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The Effects of Cerebral Lesions on Intellectual Function: A Review of Current Research Trends
Piercy, M. (1964) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.110.466.310 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Biochemical markers of intelligence: a proton MR spectroscopy study of normal human brain
Jung, R. E., Brooks, W. M., Yeo, R. A., Chiulli, S. J., Weers, D. C., & Sibbitt, W. L. (1999) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0790 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Not in Our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human NatureR. C. Lewontin, Steve Rose, and Leon J. Kamin New York: Pantheon Books, 1984
Barner-Barry, C. (1986) · Politics and the Life Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0730938400004913 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Reasoning and working memory: common and distinct neuronal processes
Ruff, C. C., Knauff, M., Fangmeier, T., & Spreer, J. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(03)00016-2 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
A Quantitative Trait Locus Associated With Cognitive Ability in Children
Chorney, M. J., Chorney, K. A., Seese, N. K., Owen, M. J., Daniels, J., McGuffin, P., Thompson, L. A., Detterman, D. K., Benbow, C. P., Lubinski, D., et al. (1998) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00032 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal organization of brain dynamics and intelligence: an EEG study in adolescents
Anokhin, A. P., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. (1999) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(99)00064-1 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Human intelligence differences: a recent history
Deary, I. J. (2001) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01621-1 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Multivariate Genetic Analysis of Brain Structure in an Extended Twin Design
Danielle Posthuma, B., de Geus, E. J. C., Neale, M. C., Pol, H. E. H., Baaré, W. E. C., Kahn, R. S., & Boomsma, D. I. (2000) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1026501501434 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Individual differences in general intelligence correlate with brain function during nonreasoning tasks
Haier, R. J., White, N. S., & Alkire, M. T. (2003) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(03)00025-4 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of auditory vigilance with low and high information processing demands.
Seidman, L. J., Breiter, H. C., Goodman, J. M., Goldstein, J. M., Woodruff, P. W. R., O'Craven, K., Savoy, R. L., Tsuang, M. T., & Rosen, B. R. (1998) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.12.4.505 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Neural substrates of mathematical reasoning: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of neocortical activation during performance of the necessary arithmetic operations test.
Prabhakaran, V., Rypma, B., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2001) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037//0894-4105.15.1.115 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
The Neuropsychology and Psychophysiology of Human Intelligence
Vernon, P. A., Wickett, J. C., Bazana, P. G., & Stelmack, R. M. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511807947.013 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Genes, brain and cognition
Plomin, R. J., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1201-1153 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
A religious upbringing reduces the influence of genetic factors on disinhibition: Evidence for interaction between genotype and environment on personality
Boomsma, D., de Geus, E. J. C., van Baal, G., et al. (1999) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/twin.2.2.115 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
A Genome-Wide Scan of 1842 DNA Markers for Allelic Associations with General Cognitive Ability: A Five-Stage Design Using DNA Pooling and Extreme Selected Groups
Plomin, R. J., Hill, L., Craig, I., McGuffin, P., Purcell, S., Sham, P. C., Lubinski, D., Thompson, L. A., Fisher, P. J., Turic, D., et al. (2001) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1013385125887 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Longitudinal and cross-sectional twin data on cognitive abilities in adulthood: The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging.
Finkel, D., Pedersen, N. L., Plomin, R. J., & McClearn, G. E. (1998) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.34.6.1400 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Race: A genetic melting-pot
Feldman, M. W., Lewontin, R. C., & King, M. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/424374a · Cited by 90 · see citing works
DNA Pooling Identifies QTLs on Chromosome 4 for General Cognitive Ability in Children
Fisher, P. J., Turic, D., Williams, N. M., McGuffin, P., Asherson, P. J., Ball, D., Craig, I., Eley, T. C., Hill, L., Chorney, K. A., et al. (1999) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/8.5.915 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Role of the cholinergic muscarinic 2 receptor (CHRM2) gene in cognition
Comings, D. E., Wu, S., Rostamkhani, M., McGue, M. K., lacono, W. G., Cheng, L.-T., & MacMurray, J. P. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001095 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Mapping genetic influences on human brain structure
Thompson, P. M., Cannon, T. D., & Toga, A. W. (2002) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/078538902321117733 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citation
Human intelligence differences: towards a combined experimental–differential approach
Deary, I. J. (2001) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01623-5 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Neural substrates of mathematical reasoning: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of neocortical activation during performance of the necessary arithmetic operations test.
Prabhakaran, V., Rypma, B., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2001) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.15.1.115 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Legal and ethical issues in neuroimaging research: human subjects protection, medical privacy, and the public communication of research results
Kulynych, J. J. (2002) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0278-2626(02)00518-3 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Group Differences in Intelligence
Loehlin, J. C. (2000) · Handbook of Intelligence · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511807947.010 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Longitudinal and cross-sectional twin data on cognitive abilities in adulthood: The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging.
Finkel, D., Pedersen, N. L., Plomin, R. J., et al. (1998) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1400 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Quantitative genetic modeling of regional brain volumes and cognitive performance in older male twins
Carmelli, D., Swan, G. E., DeCarli, C. S., & Reed, T. (2002) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(02)00056-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Genetics of Childhood Disorders: III. Genetics and Intelligence
Lombroso, P. J., & Plomin, R. J. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199906000-00030 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Nature of "Intelligence" and the Principles of Cognition.
Wheeler, R., & Spearman, C. (1924) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2014797 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Egalitarian fiction and collective fraud
Gottfredson, L. S. (1994) · Society · doi:10.1007/bf02693231 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The New Know-Nothings: The Political Foes of the Scientific Study of Human Nature
Udry, J. R., & Hunt, M. M. (2000) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2654437 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Cathepsin D exon 2 polymorphism associated with general intelligence in a healthy older population
Payton, A., Holland, F., Diggle, P. J., Rabbitt, P., Horan, M. A., Davidson, Y. S., Gibbons, L., Worthington, J., Ollier, W., & Pendleton, N. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001239 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Nature of 'Intelligence' and the Principles of Cognition, 1923
Ogden, R. M., & Spearman, C. (1925) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1413513 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Brain Bioenergetics and Cognitive Ability
Rae, C. D., Scott, R. B., Lee, M., Simpson, J. M., Hines, N., Paul, C., Anderson, M. B., Karmiloff‐Smith, A., Styles, P., & Radda, G. K. (2003) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000073509 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Role of HLA Genes in Predisposition to Develop Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Thorsby, E., & Rønningen, K. S. (1992) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899209167006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Intelligence, race, and genetics: conversations with Arthur R. Jensen
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-4920 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sensory ERPs predict differences in working memory span and fluid intelligence
Brumback, C. R., Low, K. A., Gratton, G., & Fabiani, M. (2004) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200402090-00032 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Twin Studies, Heritability, and Intelligence
Feldman, M. W., & Otto, S. P. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5342.1383a · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Direct and indirect IQ heritability estimates: A puzzle
Plomin, R. J., & Loehlin, J. C. (1989) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf01066162 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The New Know-Nothings: The Political Foes of the Scientific Study of Human Nature
Grandy, J., & Hunt, M. M. (2000) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.2307/2649297 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Heritability and Indirect Causation
Sesardić, N. (2003) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/377384 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Educational and occupational achievements of brothers and sisters in adoptive and biologically related families
Scarr, S. W., & Weinberg, R. A. (1994) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf01067532 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A Quantitative Trait Locus Not Associated with Cognitive Ability in Children: A Failure to Replicate
Hill, L., Chorney, M. J., Lubinski, D., Thompson, L. A., & Plomin, R. J. (2002) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00499 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Examining neurochemical determinants of inspection time
Stough, C. K. K., Thompson, J. C., Bates, T. C., & Nathan, P. J. (2001) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(01)00077-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Is science dangerous?
Wolpert, L. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/18543 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The functional anatomy of inspection time: a pilot fMRI study
Deary, I. J., Simonotto, E., Marshall, A., Marshall, I., Goddard, N., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2001) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(01)00076-9 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Heritability and Intelligence
Grigorenko, E. L. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511807947.005 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Should we do research on race differences in intelligence?
Loehlin, J. C. (1992) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(92)90022-j · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A Recent History
Jones, D. (1992) · Self & Society · doi:10.1080/03060497.1992.11085285 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dissociability and tRNA content of monosomes produced by dimethylnitrosamine and starvation
Plapp, F. V., Hayes, L. C., Tilzer, L. L., & Chiga, M. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/247311a0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Does Brain size matter? A Reply to Rushton and Ankney.
Peters, M. (1995) · Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale · doi:10.1037/1196-1961.49.4.570 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Failure to Replicate?
Nielsen, W. A., & Nielsen, M. M. (1978) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136593 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Genetic Destinies
Little, P. (2002) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198504542.001.0001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Complexity of Everyday Life
Ling, R. (2005) · Asian Communication Research · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory
Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0801268105 · Cited by 2,187 · see citing works
Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five.
DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.880 · Cited by 1,920 · see citing works
The Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT) of intelligence: Converging neuroimaging evidence
Jung, R. E., & Haier, R. J. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07001185 · Cited by 1,593 · see citing works
A dynamical model of general intelligence: The positive manifold of intelligence by mutualism.
Van Der Maas, H. L. J., Dolan, C. V., Grasman, R. P. P. P., Wicherts, J. M., Huizenga, H. M., & Raijmakers, M. E. J. (2006) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.113.4.842 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
Intelligence and neural efficiency
Neubauer, A. C., & Fink, A. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.04.001 · Cited by 878 · see citing works
Childhood poverty: specific associations with neurocognitive development
Farah, M. J., Shera, D. M., Savage, J. H., Betancourt, L., Giannetta, J. M., Brodsky, N. L., Malmud, E. K., & Hurt, H. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.072 · Cited by 835 · see citing works
Sleep spindles: mechanisms and functions
Fernandez, L. M. J., & Lüthi, A. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2018 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
WHO IS ‘BEHAVIORAL’? COGNITIVE ABILITY AND ANOMALOUS PREFERENCES
Benjamin, D. J., Brown, S. A., & Shapiro, J. M. (2013) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1111/jeea.12055 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis
Au, J., Sheehan, E., Tsai, N., Duncan, G. J., Buschkuehl, M., & Jaeggi, S. M. (2015) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-014-0699-x · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Mirror neurons: from origin to function
Cook, R., Bird, G., Catmur, C., Press, C., & Heyes, C. (2014) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x13000903 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Childhood IQ and Adult Mental Disorders: A Test of the Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis
Koenen, K. C., Moffitt, T. E., Roberts, A. L., Martin, L. T., Kubzansky, L., Harrington, H., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030343 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
The relationship between n-back performance and matrix reasoning — implications for training and transfer
Jaeggi, S. M., Studer-Luethi, B., Buschkuehl, M., Su, Y.-F., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2010) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2010.09.001 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
The evolution of primate general and cultural intelligence
Reader, S. M., Hager, Y., & Laland, K. N. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0342 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Delay Discounting: Relation to Intelligence, Working Memory, and Anterior Prefrontal Cortex
Shamosh, N. A., DeYoung, C. G., Green, A. E., Reis, D. L., Johnson, M. R., Conway, A. R. A., Engle, R. W., Braver, T. S., & Gray, J. R. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02175.x · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Self-citation
The structure of human intelligence: It is verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR), not fluid and crystallized
Johnson, W., & BOUCHARDJR, T. (2005) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.12.002 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Independent effects of bilingualism and socioeconomic status on language ability and executive functioning
Calvo, A., & Bialystok, E. (2013) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2013.11.015 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Genetics of brain fiber architecture and intellectual performance
Chiang, M.-C., Barysheva, M., Shattuck, D. W., Lee, A. D., Madsen, S. K., Avedissian, C., Klunder, A. D., Toga, A. W., McMahon, K. L., de Zubicaray, G. I., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4184-08.2009 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prefrontal white matter volume is disproportionately larger in humans than in other primates
Schoenemann, P. T., Sheehan, M. J., & Glotzer, L. D. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1394 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Choline transporters, cholinergic transmission and cognition
Sarter, M. F., & Parikh, V. (2004) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1588 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Mapping cortical change in Alzheimer's disease, brain development, and schizophrenia
Thompson, P. M., Hayashi, K. M., Sowell, E. R., Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Rapoport, J. L., de Zubicaray, G. I., Janke, A. L., Rose, S., Semple, J. M., et al. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.071 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Self-citation
Generalist Genes and Learning Disabilities.
Plomin, R., & Kovas, Y. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.592 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism
Caspi, A., Williams, B. S., Kim‐Cohen, J., Craig, I., Milne, B. J., Poulton, R., Schalkwyk, L. C., Taylor, A. W., Werts, H., & Moffitt, T. E. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0704292104 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
The potential effects of meditation on age-related cognitive decline: a systematic review.
Gard, T., Hölzel, B. K., & Lazar, S. W. (2014) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12348 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
A General Factor of Brain White Matter Integrity Predicts Information Processing Speed in Healthy Older People
Penke, L., Maniega, S. M., Murray, C., Gow, A. J., Valdés Hernández, M. C., Clayden, J. D., Starr, J. M., Wardlaw, J. M., Bastin, M. E., & Deary, I. J. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1553-10.2010 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Culture, Context, and Behavior
Matsumoto, D. (2007) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00476.x · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Relationships between IQ and Regional Cortical Gray Matter Thickness in Healthy Adults
Narr, K. L., Woods, R. P., Thompson, P. M., Szeszko, P. R., Robinson, D. G., Dimtcheva, T., Gurbani, M. N., Toga, A. W., & Bilder, R. M. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl125 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Self-citation
Brain spontaneous functional connectivity and intelligence
Song, M., Zhou, Y., Li, J., Liu, Y., Tian, L., Yu, C., & Jiang, T. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.036 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Human intelligence and brain networks
Colom, R., Karama, S., Jung, R. E., & Haier, R. J. (2010) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2010.12.4/rcolom · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Openness to Experience, Intellect, and Cognitive Ability
DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., Peterson, J. B., & Gray, J. R. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.806327 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Self-citation
Enhanced efficiency of the executive attention network after training in preschool children: immediate changes and effects after two months.
Rueda, M. R., Checa, P., & Cómbita, L. M. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.09.004 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
GENETICS OF BRAIN STRUCTURE AND INTELLIGENCE
Toga, A. W., & Thompson, P. M. (2005) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135655 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Self-citation
Still just 1 g: Consistent results from five test batteries
Johnson, W., Nijenhuis, J. T., & Bouchard, T. J. (2008) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2007.06.001 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Where smart brains are different: A quantitative meta-analysis of functional and structural brain imaging studies on intelligence
Basten, U., Hilger, K., & Fiebach, C. J. (2015) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.04.009 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Functional brain network efficiency predicts intelligence
Langer, N., Pedroni, A., Gianotti, L. R. R., Hänggi, J., Knoch, D., & Jäncke, L. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21297 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Neural correlates of superior intelligence: Stronger recruitment of posterior parietal cortex
Lee, K. H., Choi, Y. Y., Gray, J. R., Cho, S. H., Chae, J., Lee, S., & Kim, K. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.07.036 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citation
Language and thought are not the same thing: evidence from neuroimaging and neurological patients: Language versus thought
Fedorenko, E., & Varley, R. (2016) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13046 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Neuroimaging endophenotypes: Strategies for finding genes influencing brain structure and function
Glahn, D. C., Thompson, P. M., & Blangero, J. (2007) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20401 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sleep spindle‐related activity in the human EEG and its relation to general cognitive and learning abilities
Schabus, M., Hödlmoser, K., Gruber, G., Sauter, C., Anderer, P., Klösch, G., Parapatics, S., Saletu, B., Klimesch, W., & Zeitlhofer, J. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04694.x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Tracking Alzheimer's Disease
Thompson, P. M., Hayashi, K. M., Dutton, R. A., Chiang, M., Leow, A., Sowell, E. R., de Zubicaray, G. I., Becker, J. T., López, O. L., Aizenstein, H. J., et al. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1379.017 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intellect as distinct from openness: Differences revealed by fMRI of working memory.
DeYoung, C. G., Shamosh, N. A., Green, A. E., Braver, T. S., & Gray, J. R. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016615 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cognitive Ability, Character Skills, and Learning to Play Equilibrium: A Level- k Analysis
Gill, D. M., & Prowse, V. L. (2016) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/688849 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Regional gray matter volume of dopaminergic system associate with creativity: Evidence from voxel-based morphometry
Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Sassa, Y., Hashizume, H., Sekiguchi, A., Fukushima, A., & Kawashima, R. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.078 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Differential effects of reasoning and speed training in children
Mackey, A. P., Hill, S. S., Stone, S. I., & Bunge, S. A. (2010) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01005.x · Cited by 230 · see citing works
EEG alpha oscillations during the performance of verbal creativity tasks: differential effects of sex and verbal intelligence.
Fink, A., & Neubauer, A. (2006) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.01.001 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Superior performance and neural efficiency: The impact of intelligence and expertise
Grabner, R. H., Neubauer, A. C., & Stern, E. (2006) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.02.009 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Continuity of genetic and environmental influences on cognition across the life span: A meta-analysis of longitudinal twin and adoption studies.
Tucker–Drob, E. M., & Briley, D. A. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035893 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Multiple Bases of Human Intelligence Revealed by Cortical Thickness and Neural Activation
Choi, Y. Y., Shamosh, N. A., Cho, S. H., DeYoung, C. G., Lee, M.-J., Lee, J., Kim, S. I., Cho, Z., Kim, K., Gray, J. R., et al. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3259-08.2008 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citation
Affective personality differences in neural processing efficiency confirmed using fMRI
Gray, J. R., Burgess, G. C., Schaefer, A., Yarkoni, T., LARSEN, R. J., & Braver, T. S. (2005) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.5.2.182 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citation
Heritability of ultimatum game responder behavior
Wallace, B., Cesarini, D. A., Lichtenstein, P., & Johannesson, M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706642104 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
3D pattern of brain abnormalities in Williams syndrome visualized using tensor-based morphometry
Chiang, M.-C., Reiss, A. L., Lee, A. D., Bellugi, U., Galaburda, A. M., Korenberg, J. R., Mills, D. L., Toga, A. W., & Thompson, P. M. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.024 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citation
Visual and spatial working memory: From boxes to networks
Zimmer, H. D. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.05.016 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Genetic variation in AKT1 is linked to dopamine-associated prefrontal cortical structure and function in humans
Tan, H. Y., Nicodemus, K. K., Chen, Q., Li, Z., Brooke, J. K., Honea, R. A., Kolachana, B. S., Straub, R. E., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., Sei, Y., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci34725 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical correlates of intelligence
Luders, E., Narr, K. L., Thompson, P. M., & Toga, A. W. (2009) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2008.07.002 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prediction of general mental ability based on neural oscillation measures of sleep
BÓDIZS, R., KIS, T., LÁZÁR, A. S., HAVRÁN, L., RIGÓ, P., CLEMENS, Z., & HALÁSZ, P. (2005) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00472.x · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Sleep spindles and learning potential.
Fogel, S. M., Nader, R., Cote, K. A., & Smith, C. T. (2007) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.1.1 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Personality: a new positionality?
Moser, S. (2008) · Area · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4762.2008.00815.x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Prefrontal cognitive ability, intelligence, Big Five personality, and the prediction of advanced academic and workplace performance.
Higgins, D. M., Peterson, J. B., Pihl, R. O., & Lee, A. G. M. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.298 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Cognitive Style as Environmentally Sensitive Individual Differences in Cognition
Kozhevnikov, M., Evans, C., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2014) · Gothic.net · doi:10.1177/1529100614525555 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Personality development and organizational behavior.
Roberts, B. W. (2006) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0191-3085(06)27001-1 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
White matter microstructure correlates of mathematical giftedness and intelligence quotient
Navas-Sánchez, F. J., Alemán‐Gómez, Y., Sánchez‐Gonzalez, J., Guzmán‐De‐Villoria, J. A., Franco, C., Robles, O., Arango, C., & Desco, M. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22355 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Genetic links between brain development and brain evolution
Gilbert, S. L., Dobyns, W. B., & Lahn, B. T. (2005) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1634 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Cortical thickness correlates of specific cognitive performance accounted for by the general factor of intelligence in healthy children aged 6 to 18
Karama, S., Colom, R., Johnson, W., Deary, I. J., Haier, R. J., Waber, D. P., Lepage, C., Ganjavi, H., Jung, R. E., & Evans, A. C. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.016 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Neural correlates of intelligence as revealed by fMRI of fluid analogies
Geake, J. G., & Hansen, P. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.035 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
NATURAL HISTORY OF ASHKENAZI INTELLIGENCE
Cochran, G. M., HARDY, J., & Harpending, H. C. (2005) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932005027069 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Specialization of the Neocortical Pyramidal Cell during Primate Evolution
Elston, G. N. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-370878-8/00164-6 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Primate Prefrontal Cortex Evolution: Human Brains Are the Extreme of a Lateralized Ape Trend
Smaers, J. B., Steele, J., Case, C. R., Cowper, A., Amunts, K., & Zilles, K. (2011) · Brain, Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000323671 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Temporal discounting of rewards in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Ahn, W., Rass, O., Fridberg, D. J., Bishara, A. J., Forsyth, J. K., Breier, A. F., Busemeyer, J. R., Hetrick, W. P., Bolbecker, A. R., & O’Donnell, B. F. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023333 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Cognitive test batteries in animal cognition research: evaluating the past, present and future of comparative psychometrics
Shaw, R. C., & Schmelz, M. (2017) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-017-1135-1 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Quantifying Differences and Similarities in Whole-Brain White Matter Architecture Using Local Connectome Fingerprints
Yeh, F.-C., Vettel, J. M., Singh, A., Poczos, B., Grafton, S. T., Erickson, K. I., Tseng, W.-Y. I., & Verstynen, T. D. (2016) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005203 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Intelligence and Personality
DeYoung, C. G. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511977244.036 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Orbital prefrontal cortex volume correlates with social cognitive competence
Powell, J., Lewis, P. A., Dunbar, R., García‐Fiñana, M., & Roberts, N. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.004 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Superior fluid intelligence in children with Asperger’s disorder
Hayashi, M., Kato, M., Igarashi, K., & Kashima, H. (2008) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.09.008 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Sex differences in the development of neuroanatomical functional connectivity underlying intelligence found using Bayesian connectivity analysis
Schmithorst, V. J., & Holland, S. K. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.046 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Creativity related cortex activity in the remote associates task
Razumnikova, O. M. (2007) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.02.008 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Cognitive training with casual video games: points to consider
Baniqued, P. L., Kranz, M. B., Voss, M. W., Lee, H., Cosman, J. D., Severson, J., & Kramer, A. F. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.01010 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Quantifying the heritability of task-related brain activation and performance during the N-back working memory task: A twin fMRI study
Blokland, G. A. M., McMahon, K. L., Hoffman, J., Zhu, G., Meredith, M., Martin, N. G., Thompson, P. M., de Zubicaray, G. I., & Wright, M. J. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.03.006 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citation
The effects of working memory resource depletion and training on sensorimotor adaptation
Anguera, J. A., Bernard, J. A., Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Benson, B. L., Jennett, S., Humfleet, J., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., Jonides, J., & Seidler, R. D. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.11.040 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Animal and human innovation: novel problems and novel solutions
Reader, S. M., Morand‐Ferron, J., & Flynn, E. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0182 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
What is the p -factor of psychopathology? Some risks of general factor modeling
van Bork, R., Epskamp, S., Rhemtulla, M., Borsboom, D., & van der Maas, H. L. J. (2017) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354317737185 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Altruistic behavior as a costly signal of general intelligence
Millet, K., & Dewitte, S. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.04.002 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Voxel-based morphometry and stereology provide convergent evidence of the importance of medial prefrontal cortex for fluid intelligence in healthy adults
Gong, Q., Sluming, V., Mayes, A. R., Keller, S. S., Barrick, T. R., Cezayirli, E., & Roberts, N. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.044 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Neural and cognitive plasticity: From maps to minds.
Mercado, E. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.109 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Developmental changes of sleep spindles and their impact on sleep‐dependent memory consolidation and general cognitive abilities: A longitudinal approach
Hahn, M. A., Joechner, A., Roell, J., Schabus, M., Heib, D. P. J., Gruber, G., Peigneux, P., & Hoedlmoser, K. (2018) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12706 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Intensive Reasoning Training Alters Patterns of Brain Connectivity at Rest
Mackey, A. P., Singley, A. T. M., & Bunge, S. A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4141-12.2013 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
The Structure of Temperament and Personality Traits: A Developmental PerspectivePreprint
Shiner, R. L., & DeYoung, C. G. (2011) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 114 · see citing works
There is no convincing evidence that working memory training is NOT effective: A reply to Melby-Lervåg and Hulme (2015)
Au, J., Buschkuehl, M., Duncan, G. J., & Jaeggi, S. M. (2015) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-015-0967-4 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Structural MRI and Brain Development
Thompson, P. M., Sowell, E. R., Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Vidal, C. N., Hayashi, K. M., Leow, A., Nicolson, R., Rapoport, J. L., & Toga, A. W. (2005) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(05)67009-2 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citation
Associative learning predicts intelligence above and beyond working memory and processing speed
Kaufman, S. B., DeYoung, C. G., Gray, J. R., Brown, J., & Mackintosh, N. J. (2009) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2009.03.004 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fluid intelligence is supported by the multiple-demand system not the language system
Woolgar, A., Duncan, J., Manes, F. F., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2018) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0282-3 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Improving intelligence: a literature review
Buschkuehl, M., & Jaeggi, S. (2010) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2010.12852 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Fluid intelligence and brain functional organization in aging yoga and meditation practitioners
Gard, T., Taquet, M., Dixit, R., Hölzel, B. K., de Montjoye, Y.-A., Brach, N., Salat, D. H., Dickerson, B. C., Gray, J. R., & Lazar, S. W. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00076 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citation
GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY, NARROWER COGNITIVE ABILITIES, AND JOB PERFORMANCE: THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE NESTED-FACTORS MODEL OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES
Lang, J. W. B., Kersting, M., Hulsheger, U. R., & Lang, J. (2010) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01182.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Prediction of Heterogeneity in Intelligence and Adult Prognosis by Genetic Polymorphisms in the Dopamine System Among Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Mill, J. S., Caspi, A., Williams, B. S., Craig, I., Taylor, A., Polo-Tomás, M., Berridge, C. W., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.462 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The Level and Nature of Autistic Intelligence II: What about Asperger Syndrome?
Soulières, I., Dawson, M., Gernsbacher, M. A., & Mottron, L. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025372 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
EEG Microstate Correlates of Fluid Intelligence and Response to Cognitive Training
on behalf of Honeywell SHARP Team authors, Santarnecchi, E., Khanna, A. R., Musaeus, C. S., Benwell, C., Davila-Pérez, P., Farzan, F., Matham, S., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Shafi, M. M. (2017) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-017-0565-z · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility
Gruzelier, J. H. (2006) · Contemporary Hypnosis · doi:10.1002/ch.35 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Making Sense of Heritability
Sesardić, N. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511487378 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Cognitive Ability, Character Skills, and Learning to Play Equilibrium: A Level-k AnalysisPreprint
Gill, D. M., & Prowse, V. L. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2448144 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Functional MRI evidence for disparate developmental processes underlying intelligence in boys and girls
Schmithorst, V. J., & Holland, S. K. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.010 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Authors: Gray, J. R., & Thompson, P. M.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
ORCID: Thompson, Paul M.
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-06
Volume: 5
Issue: 6
Pages: 471-482
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn1405
OpenAlex: W2149849723
Cited by: 479
References: 169
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 6.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
National Center for Research Resources
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: intelligence, lateral prefrontal cortex, heritability of intelligence, brain structure, environmental influences on intelligence, cognitive enhancement, psychometrics
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Humans, Intelligence, Neurobiology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Neurobiology of intelligence: science and ethics

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks