The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Allostatic load as a marker of cumulative biological risk: MacArthur studies of successful aging
Open accessAbstract
Allostatic load (AL) has been proposed as a new conceptualization of cumulative biological burden exacted on the body through attempts to adapt to life's demands. Using a multisystem summary measure of AL, we evaluated its capacity to predict four categories of health outcomes, 7 years after a baseline survey of 1,189 men and women age 70–79. Higher baseline AL scores were associated with significantly increased risk for 7-year mortality as well as declines in cognitive and physical functioning and were marginally associated with incident cardiovascular disease events, independent of standard socio-demographic characteristics and baseline health status. The summary AL measure was based on 10 parameters of biological functioning, four of which are primary mediators in the cascade from perceived challenges to downstream health outcomes. Six of the components are secondary mediators reflecting primarily components of the metabolic syndrome (syndrome X). AL was a better predictor of mortality and decline in physical functioning than either the syndrome X or primary mediator components alone. The findings support the concept of AL as a measure of cumulative biological burden.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Fortunately, although diagnosable disease does not occur until later in life, there are several reliable indices of early damage to regulatory systems, allostatic load (Hwang et al., 2014; Robertson et al., 2017; Seeman et al., 2001), and cellular aging such as inflammation, telomere length, and epigenetic clock (Chen et al., 2016; Codd et al., 2013; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration et al., 201”
From More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science (2018) · cites this paper as Seeman et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“There is also wealth of evidence establishing direct pathways between the SNS and physical health (Danese and McEwen, 2012; McLaughlin et al., 2014a; Seeman et al., 2001).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Seeman et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“the effects were found to result from the contributions of multiple regulatory systems represented in the index, 164”
From Socio‐economic differentials in peripheral biology: Cumulative allostatic load (2010) · cites this paper as [164]
In the citing paper
“These associations were found both with respect to an initial 2.5 year follow-up period 176 as well as a longer 7-year period, 164”
From Socio‐economic differentials in peripheral biology: Cumulative allostatic load (2010) · cites this paper as [164]
Citations
Cites
Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease
Reaven, G. M. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.12.1595 · Cited by 12,154
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733
Self-citationThe Advanced Theory of Statistics.
Clarke, G. M., Kendall, M. G., & Stuart, A. (1978) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2344782 · Cited by 6,727
Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men
Ridker, P. M., Cushman, M., Stampfer, M. J., Tracy, R. P., & Hennekens, C. H. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199704033361401 · Cited by 5,504
The Advanced Theory of Statistics
L., S., Kendall, M. G., & Stuart, A. (1963) · Population · doi:10.2307/1527192 · Cited by 1,840
McEWEN, B. S., & SEEMAN, T. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08103.x · Cited by 1,824
Self-citationHandbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health
PASTOR, L. H. (1989) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.146.10.1347 · Cited by 1,402
Seeman, T. E. (1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440400111013 · Cited by 1,368
Self-citationHandbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health
Fisher, S., & REASON, J. T. (1988) · Cited by 575
Seeman, T. E., Charpentier, P. A., Berkman, L. F., Tinetti, M. E., Guralnik, J. M., Albert, M., Blazer, D., & Rowe, J. W. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.3.m97 · Cited by 522
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- L Jaur, S Stoddard Chartbook on Women and Disability in the U.S. (U. S. National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Washington, DC, 1999).
- T G Lohman, A F Roche, R Martorell Anthropometric Standardization (Human Kinetics Books, Champaign, IL, 1988).
- A M Krstulovic J Chromatogr 22, 1–34 (1983).
- SAS/STAT Guide for Personal Computers (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, Version 6. (1996).
- 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08103.x · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Frailty: implications for clinical practice and public health
Hoogendijk, E. O., Afilalo, J., Ensrud, K. E., Kowal, P. R., Onder, G., & Fried, L. P. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31786-6 · Cited by 3,472
Thayer, J. F., Åhs, F., Fredrikson, M., Sollers, J. J., & Wager, T. D. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009 · Cited by 3,224
“However, in typical daily life in modern society, continual perception of threat is maladaptive, as it is associated with dysregulation in hippocampal circuits, endocrine and autonomic output, and cognitive and general health decline (Chrousos and Kino, 2005; McEwen, 2001; McEwen and Sapolsky, 1995; Sapolsky, 1996; Se…”
Background“Weathering” and Age Patterns of Allostatic Load Scores Among Blacks and Whites in the United States
Geronimus, A. T., Hicken, M., Keene, D., & Bound, J. (2006) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.060749 · Cited by 2,525
“For each biomarker, we empirically determined the high-risk threshold on the basis of the distribution of that biomarker in our sample following a standard approach.(28,30,36) We assigned each participant a biomarker reading beyond the threshold (defined as below the 25th percentile for creatinine clearance and albumi…”
MethodThe Social Determinants of Health: Coming of Age
Braveman, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101218 · Cited by 2,476
“This mechanism can lead to more rapid onset or progression of chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular disease (108), and the bodily wear and tear associated with chronic stress may accelerate aging (70, 102, 103).”
BackgroundStress and Heart Rate Variability: A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature
Kim, H.-G., Cheon, E.-J., Bai, D.-S., Lee, Y. H., & Koo, B.-H. (2018) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2017.08.17 · Cited by 2,308
Metadata
- Authors
- Seeman, T. E., McEwen, B. S., Rowe, J. W., & Singer, B. H.
- Affiliations
- Aetna (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2001-04-03
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4770-4775
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC31909
- OpenAlex
- W2015252215
- Cited by
- 1,385
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 30.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag017056-03)
- National Institute on Aging (AG00586, AG 17056)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- allostatic load, successful aging, older adults, mortality, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, biological mediators, aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Stress, Physiological, Microvascular Angina
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
