Predicting Changes in Physical Performance in a High-Functioning Elderly Cohort: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Performance-based measures of physical performance were examined for an older cohort of relatively high-functioning men and women. Relationships between baseline physical performance and sociodemographic and health status characteristics were also examined. Three-year pattern changes in performance are described, and sociodemographic and health status predictors of change are investigated. METHODS: A cohort of relatively high-functioning men and women, aged 70-79, was identified in 1988 by subsampling from three community-based studies on the basis of physical and cognitive function. Baseline in-home assessments included tests of physical performance and measurement of sociodemographic characteristics and health status. A summary measure of physical performance was developed from tests of balance, gait, lower body strength and coordination, and manual dexterity. In-home assessments were repeated at follow-up in 1991. RESULTS: Better physical performance at baseline was more common among males, Whites, those reporting higher income and education, and those with fewer chronic conditions. In linear regression models, declines in performance were predicted by older age, lower income, higher education, relative weight and blood pressure, lower peak expiratory flow, prevalent diabetes and incident health conditions and hospitalizations during follow-up. Improvements in performance were also observed; the only significant association was with race (i.e., being Black). CONCLUSIONS: Declines in physical performance within a high-functioning cohort are predictable from sociodemographic and health status characteristics. The patterns of both decline and improvement in performance observed in this cohort suggest that older age is not uniformly associated with declines, indicating the potential for effective interventions to promote more successful aging.
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Successful Aging among the Young-Old, Old-Old, and Oldest-Old Chinese
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“In recent studies, health has been defined as well-being in physical, cognitive, emotional, and productive aspects (Berkman et al., 1993; Glass, Seeman, Herzog, Kahn, & Berkman, 1995; Seeman et al., 1993).”
BackgroundFriedmann, J. M., Elasy, T. A., & Jensen, G. L. (2001) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49082.x · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Guralnik, J. M., Seeman, T. E., Tinetti, M. E., Nevitt, M. C., & Berkman, L. F. (1994) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03324272 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperkyphotic Posture and Risk of Injurious Falls in Older Persons: The Rancho Bernardo Study
Kado, D. M., Huang, M., Nguyen, C., et al. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.6.652 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Beyond the Stress Concept: Allostatic Load—A Developmental Biological and Cognitive Perspective
Lupien, S., Ouellet-Morin, I., Hupbach, A., Tu, M., Buss, C., Walker, D., Pruessner, J., & McEwen, B. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939390.ch14 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Latham, N. K., Mehta, V., Nguyen, A. M., Jette, A. M., Olarsch, S., Papanicolaou, D. A., & Chandler, J. (2008) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.04.016 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
"Successful Aging" Effect of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease
Newman, A. B. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.19.2315 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“In the present study, we defined criteria for successful aging, based on the conceptual framework of reaching old age without having experienced serious chronic illness and having maintained high levels of physical and cognitive functioning.(3,4) Successful aging is of interest because it is common in those with extre…”
Relation of social integration to inflammatory marker concentrations in men and women 70 to 79 years
Loucks, E. B., Berkman, L. F., Gruenewald, T. L., & Seeman, T. E. (2006) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.10.043 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationDeterminants of Physical Activity Initiation and Maintenance among Community-Dwelling Older Persons
Burton, L. C., Shapiro, S., & German, P. S. (1999) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1999.0561 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Piva, S. R., Gil, A. B., Almeida, G. J., DiGioia, A. M., Levison, T. J., & Fitzgerald, G. K. (2010) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20090150 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Atkinson, H. H., Rapp, S. R., Williamson, J. D., Lovato, J. F., Absher, J. R., Gass, M. L. S., Henderson, V. W., Johnson, K., Kostis, J. B., Sink, K. M., et al. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glp149 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Successful ageing: A historical overview and critical analysis of a successful concept
Bülow, M. H., & Söderqvist, T. (2014) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2014.08.009 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
“Statistical associations said little about the ‘direction’ of causality, and age-related conditions had to be considered to have multiple causes (Berkman et al., 1993; Seeman et al., 1994).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLiu, L. L., Dzankic, S., & Leung, J. M. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.t01-1-50303.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Ballesteros, R. F., Robine, J., Walker, A., & Kalache, A. (2013) · Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research · doi:10.1155/2013/298012 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Soumaré, A., Tavernier, B., Alpérovitch, A., Tzourio, C., & Elbaz, A. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glp077 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Does children's education matter for parents’ health and cognition? Evidence from China
Ma, M. (2019) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.06.004 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Negative Affect and Mortality in Older Persons
Wilson, R. S. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg224 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Michael, Y. L., Colditz, G. A., Coakley, E. H., & Kawachi, I. I. (1999) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/a:1008949428041 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Physical and Cognitive Activity and Exercise for Older Adults: A Review
Hogan, M. (2005) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/ptg9-xdvm-yeta-mkxa · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“While there are indeed age-associated increases in the risks of disability, the actual onset of such problems is neither inevitable nor uniform (Curb et al., 1990; Morse, 1993; Rowe & Kahn, 1987; Seeman et al., 1994).”
Background
- Authors
- Seeman, T. E., Charpentier, P. A., Berkman, L. F., Tinetti, M. E., Guralnik, J. M., Albert, M., Blazer, D., & Rowe, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Gerontology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1994-05-01
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- M97-M108
- ISSN
- 0022-1422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003173508
- Cited by
- 522
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 19.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- physical performance, successful aging, older adults, physical function decline, predictors of decline, balance, gait, lower limb strength, manual dexterity, sociodemographic factors, health status, chronic disease, diabetes mellitus, racial differences
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aging, Educational Status, Postural Balance, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting, Gait, Health Status, Humans, Income, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Motor Skills, Physical Fitness, Sex Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Linear Models, White People
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