Cited by 280Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchNeural dynamics and brain functionSleep and related disorders

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Longitudinal trajectories of non-rapid eye movement delta and theta EEG as indicators of adolescent brain maturation

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Campbell, Ian G., Feinberg, Irwin·2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0812947106PMC PMC2664015

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Abstract

It is now recognized that extensive maturational changes take place in the human brain during adolescence, and that the trajectories of these changes are best studied longitudinally. We report the first longitudinal study of the adolescent decline in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) delta (1–4 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) EEG. Delta and theta are the homeostatic frequencies of human sleep. We recorded sleep EEG in 9- and 12-year-old cohorts twice yearly over a 5-year period. Delta power density (PD) was unchanged between age 9 and 11 years and then fell precipitously, decreasing by 66% between age 11 and 16.5 years ( P < .000001). The decline in theta PD began significantly earlier than that in delta PD and also was very steep (by 60%) between age 11 and 16.5 years ( P < .000001). These data suggest that age 11–16.5 years is a critically important maturational period for the brain processes that underlie homeostatic NREM EEG, a finding not suggested in previous cross-sectional data. We hypothesize that these EEG changes reflect synaptic pruning. Comparing our data with published longitudinal declines in MRI-estimated cortical thickness suggests the theta age curve parallels the earlier maturational thinning in 3-layer cortex, whereas the delta curve tracks the later changes in 5-layer cortex. This comparison also reveals that adolescent declines in NREM delta and theta are substantially larger than decreases in cortical thickness (>60% vs. <20%). The magnitude, interindividual difference, and tight link to age of these EEG changes indicate that they provide excellent noninvasive tools for investigating neurobehavioral correlates of adolescent brain maturation.

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Authors: Campbell, I. G., & Feinberg, I.
Affiliations: University of California, Davis (US)
ORCID: Campbell, Ian G.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2009-03-31
Volume: 106
Issue: 13
Pages: 5177-5180
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812947106
PMC: PMC2664015
OpenAlex: W2073925770
Cited by: 280
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 8.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062521, 1R01 MH62521)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords: adolescent brain development, sleep homeostasis, synaptic pruning, cortical thickness
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Aging, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Electroencephalography, Eye Movements, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Sleep

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Longitudinal trajectories of non-rapid eye movement delta and theta EEG as indicators of adolescent brain maturation

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