The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Longitudinal trajectories of non-rapid eye movement delta and theta EEG as indicators of adolescent brain maturation
Open accessAbstract
It is now recognized that extensive maturational changes take place in the human brain during adolescence, and that the trajectories of these changes are best studied longitudinally. We report the first longitudinal study of the adolescent decline in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) delta (1–4 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) EEG. Delta and theta are the homeostatic frequencies of human sleep. We recorded sleep EEG in 9- and 12-year-old cohorts twice yearly over a 5-year period. Delta power density (PD) was unchanged between age 9 and 11 years and then fell precipitously, decreasing by 66% between age 11 and 16.5 years ( P < .000001). The decline in theta PD began significantly earlier than that in delta PD and also was very steep (by 60%) between age 11 and 16.5 years ( P < .000001). These data suggest that age 11–16.5 years is a critically important maturational period for the brain processes that underlie homeostatic NREM EEG, a finding not suggested in previous cross-sectional data. We hypothesize that these EEG changes reflect synaptic pruning. Comparing our data with published longitudinal declines in MRI-estimated cortical thickness suggests the theta age curve parallels the earlier maturational thinning in 3-layer cortex, whereas the delta curve tracks the later changes in 5-layer cortex. This comparison also reveals that adolescent declines in NREM delta and theta are substantially larger than decreases in cortical thickness (>60% vs. <20%). The magnitude, interindividual difference, and tight link to age of these EEG changes indicate that they provide excellent noninvasive tools for investigating neurobehavioral correlates of adolescent brain maturation.
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“The EEG during SWS also shows typical changes during development: the amplitude and slope of slow waves as well as SWA (i.e., spectral power in the 0.5-4 Hz band, including both Ͻ1 Hz slow oscillation and 1-4 Hz delta activity) increases until the beginning of puberty at the age of 10 -12 years to levels distinctly higher than in adults, and thereafter starts to decrease (169, 604, 680).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [169]
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Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783
“5–4 Hz band, including both 1 Hz slow oscillation and 1–4 Hz delta activity) increases until the beginning of puberty at the age of 10–12 years to levels distinctly higher than in adults, and thereafter starts to decrease (169, 604, 680).”
BackgroundTononi, G., & Cirelli, C. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.025 · Cited by 2,356
“The relationship between connection specificity and neural synchronization may be especially important during neural development, including adolescence, when SWA shows a remarkable decline (Campbell and Feinberg, 2009).”
BackgroundAstill, R. G., Van der Heijden, K. B., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028204 · Cited by 707
Sleep in adolescence: Physiology, cognition and mental health
Tarokh, L., Saletin, J. M., & Carskadon, M. A. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.008 · Cited by 552
Neural synchrony and the development of cortical networks
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Metadata
- Authors
- Campbell, I. G., & Feinberg, I.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- ORCID
- Campbell, Ian G.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-03-31
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 5177-5180
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2664015
- OpenAlex
- W2073925770
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 8.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062521, 1R01 MH62521)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- adolescent brain development, sleep homeostasis, synaptic pruning, cortical thickness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Aging, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Electroencephalography, Eye Movements, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Sleep
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