Cited by 334Motor Control and AdaptationMemory and Neural MechanismsVestibular and auditory disorders

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Modular organization of internal models of tools in the human cerebellum

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Imamizu, Hiroshi, Kuroda, Tomoe, Miyauchi, Satoru, Yoshioka, Toshinori, Kawato, Mitsuo·2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0835746100PMC PMC154367

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Abstract

Human capabilities in manipulating many different tools with dexterity suggest modular neural organization at functional levels, but anatomical modularity underlying the capabilities has yet to be demonstrated. Although modularity in phylogenetically older parts of the cerebellum is well known, comparable modularity in the lateral cerebellum for cognitive functions remains unknown. We investigated these issues by functional MRI (fMRI) based on our previous findings of a cerebellar internal model of a tool. After subjects intensively learned to manipulate two novel tools (the rotated mouse whose cursor appeared at a rotated position, and the velocity mouse whose cursor velocity was proportional to the mouse position), they could easily switch between the two. The lateral and posterior cerebellar activities for the two different tools were spatially segregated, and their overlaps were <10%, even at low statistical thresholds. Activities of the rotated mouse were more anterior and lateral than the velocity mouse activities. These results were consistent with predictions by the MOdular Selection And Identification Controller (MOSAIC) model that multiple internal models compete to partition sensory-motor experiences and their outputs are linearly combined for a particular context.

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Authors: Imamizu, H., Kuroda, T., Miyauchi, S., Yoshioka, T., & Kawato, M.
Affiliations: Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (JP)
ORCID: Imamizu, Hiroshi
Kawato, Mitsuo
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2003-04-18
Volume: 100
Issue: 9
Pages: 5461-5466
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0835746100
PMC: PMC154367
OpenAlex: W2110514514
Cited by: 334
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 8.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
Keywords: cerebellum, internal models, tool handling, lateral cerebellum, posterior cerebellum, tool switching, mosaic model, sensorimotor learning, functional segregation
MeSH terms: Adult, Animals, Cerebellum, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Biological, Regression Analysis, Mice

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Modular organization of internal models of tools in the human cerebellum

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