The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The autophagy machinery is required to initiate hepatitis C virus replication
Open accessAbstract
In addition to its cellular homeostasis function, autophagy is emerging as a central component of antimicrobial host defense against diverse infections. To counteract this mechanism, many pathogens have evolved to evade, subvert, or exploit autophagy. Here, we report that autophagy proteins (i.e., Beclin-1, Atg4B, Atg5, and Atg12) are proviral factors required for translation of incoming hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and, thereby, for initiation of HCV replication, but they are not required once infection is established. These results illustrate a previously unappreciated role for autophagy in the establishment of a viral infection and they suggest that different host factors regulate the translation of incoming viral genome and translation of progeny HCV RNA once replication is established.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing.
Kabeya, Y., Mizushima, N., Ueno, T., Yamamoto, A., Kirisako, T., Noda, T., Kominami, E., Ohsumi, Y., & Yoshimori, T. (2000) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/19.21.5720 · Cited by 6,605
Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection
Shepard, C. W., Finelli, L., & Alter, M. J. (2005) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70216-4 · Cited by 2,758
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
Klionsky, D. J., Abeliovich, H., Agostinis, P., Agrawal, D. K., Aliev, G., Askew, D. S., Baba, M., Baehrecke, E. H., Bahr, B. A., Ballabio, A., et al. (2008) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.5338 · Cited by 2,230
Axe, E. L., Walker, S. A., Manifava, M., Chandra, P., Roderick, H. L., Habermann, A., Griffiths, G., & Ktistakis, N. T. (2008) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200803137 · Cited by 1,885
Autophagy Is Activated for Cell Survival after Endoplasmic ReticulumStress
Ogata, M., Hino, S.-I., Saito, A., Morikawa, K., Kondo, S., Kanemoto, S., Murakami, T., Taniguchi, M., Tanii, I., Yoshinaga, K., et al. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01453-06 · Cited by 1,832
Robust hepatitis C virus infection in vitro
Zhong, J., Gastaminza, P., Cheng, G., Kapadia, S., Kato, T., Burton, D. R., Wieland, S. F., Uprichard, S. L., Wakita, T., & Chisari, F. V. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503596102 · Cited by 1,709
Self-citationEfficient Initiation of HCV RNA Replication in Cell Culture
Blight, K. J., Kolykhalov, A. A., & Rice, C. M. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5498.1972 · Cited by 1,412
LC3, GABARAP and GATE16 localize to autophagosomal membrane depending on form-II formation
Kabeya, Y., Mizushima, N., Yamamoto, A., Oshitani-Okamoto, S., Ohsumi, Y., & Yoshimori, T. (2004) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.01131 · Cited by 1,394
Dissection of Autophagosome Formation Using Apg5-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Mizushima, N., Yamamoto, A., Hatano, M., Kobayashi, Y., Kabeya, Y., Suzuki, K., Tokuhisa, T., Ohsumi, Y., & Yoshimori, T. (2001) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.152.4.657 · Cited by 1,361
Replication of hepatitis C virus
Moradpour, D., Penin, F., & Rice, C. M. (2007) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro1645 · Cited by 1,336
Cited by
Repertoires of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases
Li, Y.-J., Jiang, Q., Cao, G.-F., Yao, J., & Yan, B. (2015) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000373980 · Cited by 16,304
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition).
Klionsky, D. J., Abdelmohsen, K., Abe, A., Abedin, M. J., Abeliovich, H., Acevedo Arozena, A., Adachi, H., Adams, C. M., Adams, P. D., Adeli, K., et al. (2016) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356 · Cited by 5,894
Autophagy and Viruses: Adversaries or Allies?
Dong, X., & Levine, B. (2013) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000346388 · Cited by 4,430
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
Klionsky, D. J., Abdalla, F. C., Abeliovich, H., Abraham, R. T., Acevedo-Arozena, A., Adeli, K., Agholme, L., Agnello, M., Agostinis, P., Aguirre-Ghiso, J. A., et al. (2012) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.19496 · Cited by 3,996
Self-citationAutophagy in immunity and inflammation
Levine, B., Mizushima, N., & Virgin, H. W. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09782 · Cited by 3,289
Metadata
- Authors
- Dreux, M., Gastaminza, P., Wieland, S. F., & Chisari, F. V.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-08-18
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 33
- Pages
- 14046-14051
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2127481048
- Cited by
- 477
- References
- 42
- FWCI
- 23.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The autophagy machinery is required to initiate hepatitis C virus replication. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.0907344106
- The paper
- Dreux, M., Gastaminza, P., Wieland, S. F., & Chisari, F. V. (2009). The autophagy machinery is required to initiate hepatitis C virus replication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907344106
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.