Axl is an essential epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-induced regulator of breast cancer metastasis and patient survival

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Interaction with basement membrane serves to rapidly distinguish growth and differentiation pattern of normal and malignant human breast epithelial cells.

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EMT: 2016

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Hypoxic control of metastasis

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An Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Gene Signature Predicts Resistance to EGFR and PI3K Inhibitors and Identifies Axl as a Therapeutic Target for Overcoming EGFR Inhibitor Resistance

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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: A Historical Overview

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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer: complexity and opportunities

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Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets

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Vimentin regulates EMT induction by Slug and oncogenic H-Ras and migration by governing Axl expression in breast cancer

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Low MITF/AXL ratio predicts early resistance to multiple targeted drugs in melanoma

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Molecular analysis of circulating tumour cells—biology and biomarkers

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Biology of the TAM Receptors

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R428, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Axl Kinase, Blocks Tumor Spread and Prolongs Survival in Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer

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A microfluidic 3D in vitro model for specificity of breast cancer metastasis to bone

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AXL receptor tyrosine kinase as a promising anti-cancer approach: functions, molecular mechanisms and clinical applications

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Suppression of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis by Concurrent Inhibition of c-Met and VEGF Signaling in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

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Targeting EMT in cancer: opportunities for pharmacological intervention

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Cancer Stem Cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Switch between Two Distinct Phenotypes That Are Preferentially Migratory or Proliferative

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Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: a new target in anticancer drug discovery

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Cancer stem cells: problems for therapy?

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ZEB1 turns into a transcriptional activator by interacting with YAP1 in aggressive cancer types

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AXL induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and regulates the function of breast cancer stem cells

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Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Traits in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Parallel the CD44hi/CD24lo/- Stem Cell Phenotype in Human Breast Cancer

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The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

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Emerging role of tumor cell plasticity in modifying therapeutic response

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Controlling escape from angiogenesis inhibitors

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VEGF and c-Met Blockade Amplify Angiogenesis Inhibition in Pancreatic Islet Cancer

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Bypass Mechanisms of Resistance to Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition in Lung Cancer

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Mesenchymal Cancer Cell-Stroma Crosstalk Promotes Niche Activation, Epithelial Reversion, and Metastatic Colonization

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Capture of MicroRNA–Bound mRNAs Identifies the Tumor Suppressor miR-34a as a Regulator of Growth Factor Signaling

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An anti-Axl monoclonal antibody attenuates xenograft tumor growth and enhances the effect of multiple anticancer therapies

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AXL Is an Essential Factor and Therapeutic Target for Metastatic Ovarian Cancer

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Targeting Axl and Mer Kinases in Cancer

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Cancer stem cells: In the line of fire

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Mer or Axl receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition promotes apoptosis, blocks growth and enhances chemosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer

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lncRNA DANCR promotes tumor progression and cancer stemness features in osteosarcoma by upregulating AXL via miR-33a-5p inhibition

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A systems view of epithelial–mesenchymal transition signaling states

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AXL Inhibitors in Cancer: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective

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EMT: A mechanism for escape from EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer

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New Blood Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of AFP-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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AXL kinase as a novel target for cancer therapy

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Axl as a mediator of cellular growth and survival

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AXL-Driven EMT State as a Targetable Conduit in Cancer

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Targeting Gas6/TAM in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment

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A YAP/FOXM1 axis mediates EMT-associated EGFR inhibitor resistance and increased expression of spindle assembly checkpoint components

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The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL in Cancer Progression

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Oxidative Phosphorylation Is a Metabolic Vulnerability in Chemotherapy-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

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Taking aim at Mer and Axl receptor tyrosine kinases as novel therapeutic targets in solid tumors

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Cancer stem cells and EMT in carcinoma

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Breast cancer stem cells: Multiple capacities in tumor metastasis

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Targeted therapy and drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer: the EGFR axis

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Resveratrol inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and suppresses lung cancer invasion and metastasis

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Vimentin as a poor prognostic factor for triple-negative breast cancer

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The Difficulty of Targeting Cancer Stem Cell Niches

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Estrogen Receptor Silencing Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Breast Cancer Cells

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Small-Molecule Inhibition of Axl Targets Tumor Immune Suppression and Enhances Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer

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Axl activates autocrine transforming growth factor‐β signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Vimentin

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Axl-dependent signalling: a clinical update

Korshunov, V. A. (2011) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20110411 · Cited by 161

The role of phosphatidylserine recognition receptors in multiple biological functions

Naeini, M. B., Bianconi, V., Pirro, M., & Sahebkar, A. (2020) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.1186/s11658-020-00214-z · Cited by 163

Overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinase Axl promotes tumor cell invasion and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Axl Mediates Acquired Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer Cells to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Erlotinib

Giles, K. M., Kalinowski, F. C., Candy, P. A., Epis, M. R., Zhang, P. M., Redfern, A. D., Stuart, L. M., Goodall, G. J., & Leedman, P. J. (2013) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0170 · Cited by 155

Targeting Axl With an High-affinity Inhibitory Aptamer

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Gas6/Axl pathway is activated in chronic liver disease and its targeting reduces fibrosis via hepatic stellate cell inactivation

Bárcena, C., Stefanović, M., Tutusaus, A., Joannas, L. D., Menéndez, A., García‐Ruiz, C., Sancho‐Bru, P., Marı́, M., Caballería, J., Rothlin, C. V., et al. (2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.04.013 · Cited by 154

AXL Inhibition Sensitizes Mesenchymal Cancer Cells to Antimitotic Drugs

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Warfarin Blocks Gas6-Mediated Axl Activation Required for Pancreatic Cancer Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis

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Gas6/Axl Axis Contributes to Chemoresistance and Metastasis in Breast Cancer through Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin Signaling

Wang, C., Jin, H., Wang, N., Fan, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Lin, W., Tao, X., Gu, D., Zhao, F., et al. (2016) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.15083 · Cited by 150

The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl in cancer: Biological functions and therapeutic implications

Paccez, J. D., Vogelsang, M., Parker, M. I., & Zerbini, L. F. (2013) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.28246 · Cited by 151

Prolonged mammosphere culture of MCF-7 cells induces an EMT and repression of the estrogen receptor by microRNAs

Reed, I. K. G., Phoenix, K. N., Hong, X., Tirnauer, J. S., Claffey, K. P., & White, B. A. (2011) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1534-y · Cited by 155

Human Cutaneous Melanomas Lacking MITF and Melanocyte Differentiation Antigens Express a Functional Axl Receptor Kinase

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The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Is Required at Multiple Steps of the Metastatic Cascade during HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Progression

Goyette, M.-A., Duhamel, S., Aubert, L., Pelletier, A., Savage, P., Thibault, M.-P., Johnson, R. M., Carmeliet, P., Basik, M., Gaboury, L. A., et al. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.019 · Cited by 148

Gas6/Axl Signaling Pathway in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Tanaka, M., & Siemann, D. W. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12071850 · Cited by 148

An engineered Axl 'decoy receptor' effectively silences the Gas6-Axl signaling axis

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Bone-on-a-chip: Microfluidic technologies and microphysiologic models of bone tissue

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The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is an essential regulator of prostate cancer proliferation and tumor growth and represents a new therapeutic target

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The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer: Focus on Basal-Like Carcinomas

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Simultaneous defeat of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 resistances by a hypericin PDT–tamoxifen hybrid therapy

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A novel approach identifies new differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with imprinted genesPreprint

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Phenotypic Plasticity Determines Cancer Stem Cell Therapeutic Resistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Biddle, A., Gammon, L., Liang, K. X., Costea, D. E., & Mackenzie, I. C. (2016) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.01.007 · Cited by 136

Key Roles of AXL and MER Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Resistance to Multiple Anticancer Therapies

Schoumacher, M., & Burbridge, M. F. (2017) · Current Oncology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11912-017-0579-4 · Cited by 135

LAMC2 enhances the metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinoma

Moon, Y. W., Rao, G., Kim, J., Shim, H. S., Park, K.-S., An, S. S., Kim, B. J., Steeg, P. S., Sarfaraz, S., Lee, L. C., et al. (2015) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2014.228 · Cited by 130

Phosphatidylserine Sensing by TAM Receptors Regulates AKT-Dependent Chemoresistance and PD-L1 Expression

Kasikara, C., Kumar, S., Kimani, S. G., Tsou, W., Geng, K., Davra, V., Sriram, G., Devoe, C., Nguyen, K.-Q. N., Lewis-Antes, A., et al. (2017) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0350 · Cited by 129

MiRNA-mediated EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance

Dong, B., Li, S., Zhu, S., Yi, M., Luo, S., & Wu, K. (2021) · Experimental Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1186/s40164-021-00206-5 · Cited by 127

ONO-7475, a Novel AXL Inhibitor, Suppresses the Adaptive Resistance to Initial EGFR-TKI Treatment in EGFR -Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Okura, N., Nishioka, N., Yamada, T., Taniguchi, H., Tanimura, K., Katayama, Y., Yoshimura, A., Watanabe, S., Kikuchi, T., Shiotsu, S., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2321 · Cited by 123

ALK inhibitor resistance in ALKF1174L-driven neuroblastoma is associated with AXL activation and induction of EMT

Debruyne, D. N., Bhatnagar, N., Sharma, B., Luther, W., Moore, N. F., Cheung, N., Gray, N. S., & George, R. E. (2015) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2015.434 · Cited by 121

Chemotherapy and signaling

Bagnyukova, T., Serebriiskii, I. G., Zhou, Y., Hopper-Borge, E. A., Golemis, E. A., & Astsaturov, I. A. (2010) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.4161/cbt.10.9.13738 · Cited by 122

The GAS6-AXL signaling network is a mesenchymal (Mes) molecular subtype–specific therapeutic target for ovarian cancer

Antony, J., Tan, T. Z., Kelly, Z. L., Low, J. J. H., Choolani, M. A., Recchi, C., Gabra, H., Thiery, J. P., & Huang, R. Y. (2016) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aaf8175 · Cited by 118

Impact of hypoxic tumor microenvironment and tumor cell plasticity on the expression of immune checkpoints

Lequeux, A., Noman, M. Z., Xiao, M., Sauvage, D., Van Moer, K., Viry, E., Bocci, I., Hasmim, M., Bosseler, M., Berchem, G., et al. (2019) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.021 · Cited by 117

Molecular insights of Gas6/TAM in cancer development and therapy

Wu, G., Ma, Z., Hu, W., Wang, D., Gong, B., Fan, C., Jiang, S., Li, T. X., Gao, J., & Yang, Y. (2017) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2017.113 · Cited by 117

Low expression of long noncoding RNA GAS6-AS1 predicts a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC

Han, L., Kong, R., Yin, D., Zhang, E., Xu, T., De, W., & Shu, Y. (2013) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-013-0694-5 · Cited by 115

AXL Is a Key Regulator of Inherent and Chemotherapy-Induced Invasion and Predicts a Poor Clinical Outcome in Early-Stage Colon Cancer

Dunne, P. D., McArt, D. G., Blayney, J. K., Kalimutho, M., Greer, S., Wang, T., Srivastava, S., Ong, C. W., Arthur, K., Loughrey, M. B., et al. (2013) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1354 · Cited by 113

Identification of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL in breast cancer as a target for the human miR-34a microRNA

Mackiewicz, M., Huppi, K. E., Pitt, J. J., Dorsey, T. H., Ambs, S., & Caplen, N. J. (2011) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1690-0 · Cited by 115

Hypoxia Stabilizes GAS6/Axl Signaling in Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Mishra, A., Wang, J., Shiozawa, Y., McGee, S., Kim, J., Jung, Y., Joseph, J., Berry, J. E., Havens, A. M., Pienta, K. J., et al. (2012) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0569 · Cited by 112

Therapeutic Activity of Anti-AXL Antibody against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts and Metastasis

Leconet, W., Chentouf, M., du Manoir, S., Chevalier, C., Sirvent, A., Aït-Arsa, I., Busson, M., Jarlier, M., Radosevic‐Robin, N., Theillet, C. G., et al. (2016) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1316 · Cited by 109

Inhibition of the GAS6/AXL pathway augments the efficacy of chemotherapies

Kariolis, M. S., Miao, Y. R., Diep, A. N., Nash, S. E., Olcina, M. M., Jiang, D., Jones, D. S., Kapur, S., Mathews, I. I., Koong, A. C., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci85610 · Cited by 108

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem(-like) cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Chen, C., Zimmermann, M., Tinhofer, I., Kaufmann, A. M., & Albers, A. E. (2012) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2012.06.013 · Cited by 107

Preclinical validation of AXL receptor as a target for antibody-based pancreatic cancer immunotherapy

Leconet, W., Larbouret, C., Chardès, T., Thomas, G., Neiveyans, M., Busson, M., Jarlier, M., Radosevic‐Robin, N., Pugnière, M., Bernex, F., et al. (2013) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2013.487 · Cited by 107

Axl-EGFR receptor tyrosine kinase hetero-interaction provides EGFR with access to pro-invasive signalling in cancer cells

Vouri, M., Croucher, D. R., Kennedy, S. P., An, Q., Pilkington, G. J., & Hafizi, S. (2016) · Oncogenesis · doi:10.1038/oncsis.2016.66 · Cited by 106

First Axl inhibitor enters clinical trials

Sheridan, C. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0913-775a · Cited by 106

Abstract B105: Axl is an essential epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-induced regulator of breast cancer metastasis and patient survival

Gjerdrum, C., Tiron, C. E., Høiby, T., Stefansson, I. M., Haugen, H., Sandal, T., Collet, K., Li, S., McCormack, E., Gjertsen, B. T., et al. (2009) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.targ-09-b105 · Cited by 1

Abstract 3308: Axl is required for EMT-induced stem cell traits and metastasis in breast cancer

Tiron, C. E., Stefansson, I. M., Haugen, H., Sandal, T., McCormack, E., Gjertsen, B. T., Micklem, D., Ivaska, J., Akslen, L. A., & Lorens, J. B. (2012) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3308

Abstract C76: Axl signaling is required for stem cell traits and metastasis in breast cancer

Tiron, C. E., Pelissier, F. A., Wnuk-Lipińska, K., Stefansson, I. M., Virtakoivu, R., Miyano, M., Sandal, T., Micklem, D., Garbe, J. C., Stampfer, M. R., et al. (2013) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.tim2013-c76

Abstract 4888: Axl receptor signaling in required for stem cell traits and metastasis in breast cancer.

Tiron, C. E., Pelissier, F. A., Wnuk-Lipińska, K., Stefansson, I. M., Virtakoivu, R., Miyano, M., Sandal, T., Micklem, D., Garbe, J. C., Stampfer, M. R., et al. (2013) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4888

The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Is Required at Multiple Steps of the Metastatic Cascade during HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Progression

Goyette, M.-A., Duhamel, S., Aubert, L., Pelletier, A., Savage, P., Thibault, M.-P., Johnson, R. M., Carmeliet, P., Basik, M., Gaboury, L. A., et al. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.019 · Cited by 148