Cited by 327Muscle Physiology and DisordersMuscle metabolism and nutritionNeurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research

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Myonuclei acquired by overload exercise precede hypertrophy and are not lost on detraining

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Bruusgaard, J. C., Johansen, I. B., Egner, I. M., Rana, Z. A., Gundersen, K.·2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0913935107PMC PMC2930527

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Abstract

Effects of previous strength training can be long-lived, even after prolonged subsequent inactivity, and retraining is facilitated by a previous training episode. Traditionally, such "muscle memory" has been attributed to neural factors in the absence of any identified local memory mechanism in the muscle tissue. We have used in vivo imaging techniques to study live myonuclei belonging to distinct muscle fibers and observe that new myonuclei are added before any major increase in size during overload. The old and newly acquired nuclei are retained during severe atrophy caused by subsequent denervation lasting for a considerable period of the animal's lifespan. The myonuclei seem to be protected from the high apoptotic activity found in inactive muscle tissue. A hypertrophy episode leading to a lasting elevated number of myonuclei retarded disuse atrophy, and the nuclei could serve as a cell biological substrate for such memory. Because the ability to create myonuclei is impaired in the elderly, individuals may benefit from strength training at an early age, and because anabolic steroids facilitate more myonuclei, nuclear permanency may also have implications for exclusion periods after a doping offense.

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Authors: Bruusgaard, J. C., Johansen, I. B., Egner, I. M., Rana, Z. A., & Gundersen, K.
Affiliations: University of Oslo (NO)
ORCID: Bruusgaard, J. C.
Johansen, I. B.
Egner, I. M.
Gundersen, K.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2010-08-16
Volume: 107
Issue: 34
Pages: 15111-15116
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913935107
PMC: PMC2930527
OpenAlex: W2057868246
Cited by: 327
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 6.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Norges Forskningsråd (rcn-foriss-191730, rcn-foriss-182717)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics (clinical) › Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research
Keywords: myonuclei, muscle hypertrophy, detraining, muscle memory, resistance training, denervation atrophy, disuse atrophy, apoptosis, myonuclear domain, aging, anabolic steroids
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Nucleus, Female, Humans, Hypertrophy, Male, Models, Biological, Muscle Denervation, Muscular Atrophy, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Rats, Wistar, Apoptosis, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Models, Animal, Mice, Rats, Resistance Training

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Myonuclei acquired by overload exercise precede hypertrophy and are not lost on detraining

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