Phytochromes inhibit hypocotyl negative gravitropism by regulating the development of endodermal amyloplasts through phytochrome-interacting factors
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Phytochromes are red and far-red light photoreceptors that regulate various aspects of plant development. One of the less-understood roles of phytochromes is the inhibition of hypocotyl negative gravitropism, which refers to the loss of hypocotyl gravitropism and resulting random growth direction in red or far-red light. This light response allows seedlings to curve toward blue light after emergence from the soil and enhances seedling establishment in the presence of mulch. Phytochromes inhibit hypocotyl negative gravitropism by inhibiting four phytochrome-interacting factors (PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, PIF5), as shown by hypocotyl agravitropism of dark-grown pif1 pif3 pif4 pif5 quadruple mutants. We show that phytochromes inhibit negative gravitropism by converting starch-filled gravity-sensing endodermal amyloplasts to other plastids with chloroplastic or etioplastic features in red or far-red light, whereas PIFs promote negative gravitropism by inhibiting the conversion of endodermal amyloplasts to etioplasts in the dark. By analyzing transgenic plants expressing PIF1 with an endodermis-specific SCARECROW promoter, we further show that endodermal PIF1 is sufficient to inhibit the conversion of endodermal amyloplasts to etioplasts and hypocotyl negative gravitropism of the pif quadruple mutant in the dark. Although the functions of phytochromes in gravitropism and chloroplast development are normally considered distinct, our results indicate that these two functions are closely related.
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Phytochromes and cryptochromes inhibit the negative gravity of hypocotyls mainly through transformation of gravity-sensitive endodermal amyloid bodies in hypocotyls into other plastids with chloroplast or white body characteristics after red or far-red light treatment.
“Phytochromes and cryptochromes inhibit the negative gravity of hypocotyls, mainly through the transformation of gravity-sensitive endodermal amyloid bodies in hypocotyls into other plastids with chloroplast or white body characteristics after red or far-red light treatment”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Kim et al., 2011
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The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants
Xin, G.-Y., Li, L.-P., Wang, P.-T., Li, X.-Y., Han, Y.-J., & Zhao, X. (2022) · Stress Biology · doi:10.1007/s44154-022-00066-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kim, K., Shin, J., Lee, S.-H., Kweon, H.-S., Maloof, J. N., & Choi, G.
- Affiliations
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KR)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Choi, Giltsu
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2011-01-10
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1729-1734
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3029704
- OpenAlex
- W2140179153
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 9.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0820854)
- National Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Keywords
- phytochrome, phytochrome-interacting factors, PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, PIF5, gravity sensing, red and far-red light, seedling establishment, endodermis, chloroplast development
- MeSH terms
- Chloroplasts, Mutation, Arabidopsis, Plastids, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Gravitropism, Hypocotyl, Gene Expression Profiling, Arabidopsis Proteins, Plants, Genetically Modified, Seedlings, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins, Phytochrome B, Phytochrome A
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