Correlation of brain amyloid with “aerobic glycolysis”: a question of assumptions?
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The articles by Vaishnavi et al. (1) and Vlassenko et al. (2) in PNAS demonstrate regional variation in aerobic glycolysis vs. oxidative phosphorylation in the human brain and then link aerobic glycolysis to amyloid β (Aβ) deposition on the basis of concordant spatial distributions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). As referenced in these articles, the molar ratio of O2 to glucose consumption by the brain is never 6 (the ratio for complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O). Because the experimentally determined molar ratio is normally ≈5.3, the major portion of glucose flux proceeds through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to meet the high ATP demands of the brain, as well as other TCA cycle functions. The term “aerobic glycolysis,” as defined by the authors, refers to flux from glucose to pyruvate without entering the TCA cycle, as well as glucose providing substrates for the pentose phosphate shunt and glycogen synthesis, in conditions whereby oxygen availability is not limiting. Although much less energy efficient than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (36 ATP/glucose), aerobic glycolysis (2 ATP/glucose) can rapidly provide ATP and substrates for biosynthetic pathways.
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PIB retention within a brain generally indicates the presence of Aβ plaques.
“Brain retention may reflect plaque or non-plaque fibrillar Aβ binding, and possibly also Aβ-independent phenomena, but PIB retention within a brain generally indicates the presence of Aβ plaques [69, 70].”
From Brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondria (2011) · cites this paper as [69]
Brain plaque deposition anatomically corresponds to the fMRI-defined default mode network (DMN), a brain region characterized by relatively high glycolysis rates.
“Brain plaque deposition anatomically corresponds to the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-defined default mode network (DMN), a brain region characterized by relatively high glycolysis rates [69, 99, 136].”
From Brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondria (2011) · cites this paper as [69]
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OPINION Health benefits of cocoa
Latif, R. (2013)
- Authors
- Phelps, M. E., & Barrio, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- ORCID
- Barrio, Jorge R.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-10-04
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 41
- Pages
- 17459-17460
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2955126
- OpenAlex
- W1967385721
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- aerobic glycolysis, amyloid-beta, Alzheimer's disease, oxidative phosphorylation, brain energy metabolism, TCA cycle, regional brain metabolism, pentose phosphate shunt, glycogen synthesis, ATP production
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Brain, Glucose, Glycolysis, Humans, Oxygen
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