The p53 inhibitors MDM2/MDMX complex is required for control of p53 activity in vivo
Open accessAbstract
There are currently two distinct models proposed to explain why both MDM2 and MDMX are required in p53 control, with a key difference centered on whether these two p53 inhibitors work together or independently. To test these two competing models, we generated knockin mice expressing a point mutation MDMX mutant (C462A) that is defective in MDM2 binding. This approach allowed a targeted disassociation of the MDM2/MDMX heterocomplex without affecting the ability of MDMX to bind to p53, and while leaving the MDM2 protein itself completely untouched. Significantly, Mdmx C462A/C462A homozygous mice died at approximately day 9.5 of embryonic development, as the result of a combination of apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation, as shown by TUNEL and BrdU incorporation assays, respectively. Interestingly, even though the MDMX mutant protein abundance was found slightly elevated in the Mdmx C462A/C462A homozygous embryos, both the abundance and activity of p53 were markedly increased. A p53-dependent death was demonstrated by the finding that concomitant deletion of p53 completely rescued the embryonic lethality in Mdmx C462A/C462A homozygous mice. Our data demonstrate that MDM2 and MDMX function as an integral complex in p53 control, providing insights into the nonredundant nature of the function of MDM2 and MDMX.
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Mice expressing Mdmx lacking or with mutant RING domain die in utero, and p53 deletion rescues this phenotype.
“Mice engineered to express Mdmx lacking its RING domain or containing a mutant RING domain die in utero, and this phenotype was rescued with deletion of p53.50,51”
From Mdmx promotes genomic instability independent of p53 and Mdm2 (2015) · cites this paper as [51]
Mdm2 and Mdm4 interact through their RING domains, and this interaction is required for p53 inhibition.
“Mdm2 and Mdm4 also interact with each other through their respective RING domains, and this interaction is essential for inhibition of p53 (Figure 1).”
From The Mdm network and its regulation of p53 activities: a rheostat of cancer risk (2014) · cites this paper as Huang, et al., 2011
Hetero-oligomerization of MDM2 and MDMX via their RING domains is crucial for suppression of p53 activity during embryonic development.
“Hetero-oligomerization of MDM2 and MDMX via their RING domains is crucial for the suppression of p53 activity during embryonic development17,18.”
From MDM2, MDMX and p53 in oncogenesis and cancer therapy (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Huang, L., Yan, Z., Liao, X., Li, Y., Yang, J., Wang, Z.-G., Zuo, Y., Kawai, H., Shadfan, M., Ganapathy, S., & Yuan, Z.-M.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Department of Medical Genetics, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, and
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute (GB)
- Hiroshima University (JP)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2011-07-05
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 29
- Pages
- 12001-12006
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3141917
- OpenAlex
- W1976633722
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 8.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871363)
- Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (E03003)
- National Institutes of Health (/ NCI R01)
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-08)
- E-Institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (E03003)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA125144, R01CA085679, R01CA85679)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- p53, MDM2, MDMX, p53 inhibitors, embryonic lethality, apoptosis, cell proliferation, knock-in mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bromodeoxyuridine, Gene Expression Regulation, Genotype, Immunohistochemistry, Mutation, Blotting, Western, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Apoptosis, Mice, Knockout, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Multiprotein Complexes, Immunoprecipitation, Mice, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2, Gene Knock-In Techniques
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